Browsing by Author "Nezahat TURFAN"

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Comparison of Bulb Yield, Some Bioactive Compound and Elemental Profile of Taşköprü Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Grown in Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions
(2022-01-01) Nezahat TURFAN
Taşköprü garlic, which is among the Geographical Indications of Turkey, is one of the important sources of income for the people in the Kastamonu region. It (Allium sativum L.) has become an indispensable food in the kitchen with taste, a high peculiar pungent smell, a specific colour, flavon enhancing molecules. Also, it has been used for medicinal purposes due to having antioxidant capacity, sulphur compounds, and minerals. Moreover, it can preserve its superior properties for a long time due to its high dry matter compared to other garlic genotypes. This study was conducted to reveal the yield, storage duration, and nutritional elements of Taşköprü garlic bulbs grown in an open field (OF-TD; OF-KUC) and greenhouse conditions (GH-TD; GH-KUC) as well as to determine how some bioactive components including pigment, secondary metabolites, nitrogenous compound, simple reduced sugar, pyruvic acid, lipid peroxidation (MDA-malondialdehyde) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), vary according to the growing environment in both cloves and fresh leaves. The results revealed that there were significant differences in the effects of habitat on all the parameters investigated (p<0.001). For instance, while nitrogenous compounds are high in OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, OF-TD and GH-TD showed enrichment in pigment, pyruvate, glucose and secondary metabolites in the fresh leaves. In the cloves, while pigments and secondary metabolites content were found to be higher in OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, the content of nitrogenous compounds, pyruvate and carbon were higher in OF-TD and GHTD samples. In terms of nutrients, the GH-KUC cloves were rich in K and P, while OF-TD samples were rich in N, Mg, S, and Si, and OF-KUC samples were the richest group in Ca, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu and Se. In terms of bulb yield and storage properties, the highest values were noted with OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, and the lowest values of them were recorded with GH-TD samples. As a result, considering the first two highest values of the parameters analyzed in garlic samples, the OF-KUC and the OF-TD samples had the maximum values, but the GH-TD samples showed the lowest value. It can be concluded that by cultivating garlic in greenhouses, fresh green leaves with high nutritional value can be provided to the consumer at all seasons and products with high nutritional value, as well as products with a storage process / long shelf life can be obtained as in plants obtained from open areas. , . E-mail: nturfan@kastamonu.edu.tr OrcID:
Comparison of Bulb Yield, Some Bioactive Compound and Elemental Profile of Taşköprü Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Grown in Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions
(2022-05-01) Turfan N.; Turfan, N
Taşköprü garlic, which is among the Geographical Indications of Turkey, is one of the important sources of income for the people in the Kastamonu region. It (Allium sativum L.) has become an indispensable food in the kitchen with taste, a high peculiar pungent smell, a specific colour, flavon enhancing molecules. Also, it has been used for medicinal purposes due to having antioxidant capacity, sulphur compounds, and minerals. Moreover, it can preserve its superior properties for a long time due to its high dry matter compared to other garlic genotypes. This study was conducted to reveal the yield, storage duration, and nutritional elements of Taşköprü garlic bulbs grown in an open field (OF-TD; OF-KUC) and greenhouse conditions (GH-TD; GH-KUC) as well as to determine how some bioactive components including pigment, secondary metabolites, nitrogenous compound, simple reduced sugar, pyruvic acid, lipid peroxidation (MDA-malondialdehyde) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), vary according to the growing environment in both cloves and fresh leaves. The results revealed that there were significant differences in the effects of habitat on all the parameters investigated (p<0.001). For instance, while nitrogenous compounds are high in OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, OF-TD and GH-TD showed enrichment in pigment, pyruvate, glucose and secondary metabolites in the fresh leaves. In the cloves, while pigments and secondary metabolites content were found to be higher in OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, the content of nitrogenous compounds, pyruvate and carbon were higher in OF-TD and GHTD samples. In terms of nutrients, the GH-KUC cloves were rich in K and P, while OF-TD samples were rich in N, Mg, S, and Si, and OF-KUC samples were the richest group in Ca, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu and Se. In terms of bulb yield and storage properties, the highest values were noted with OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, and the lowest values of them were recorded with GH-TD samples. As a result, considering the first two highest values of the parameters analyzed in garlic samples, the OF-KUC and the OF-TD samples had the maximum values, but the GH-TD samples showed the lowest value. It can be concluded that by cultivating garlic in greenhouses, fresh green leaves with high nutritional value can be provided to the consumer at all seasons and products with high nutritional value, as well as products with a storage process / long shelf life can be obtained as in plants obtained from open areas.
Determination of Radioactivity Levels in Different Mushroom Species from Turkey
(2021-03-01) Aslı KURNAZ; Aysun PEKŞEN; Beyhan KİBAR; Nezahat TURFAN
Radioactivity in the environment occurs due to natural, terrestrial, extra-terrestrial factors or caused by human activity. Foodstuffs such as plants and mushrooms that grown in the soil which containing radioactive elements can absorb radioactive elements from the soil. Wild mushrooms can accumulate many types of toxicological, nutritional, and radioactive elements. Knowing the levels of radioactivity in the foodstuffs is of great importance for the protection of human health. In this study, the activity concentrations of the naturally occurring ${}^{238}U$, ${}^{232}Th$, ${}^{40}K$ nuclides and artificially occurring ${}^{137}Cs$ nuclide were determined and annual effective doses and excess lifetime cancer risk values were calculated in mushrooms commonly consumed by the Turkish people. Fifteen types of mushroom samples were collected from different locations of Turkey. The results showed that the activity concentrations of ${}^{238}U$, ${}^{232}Th$, ${}^{40}K$ and ${}^{137}Cs$ varied from 9.2±1.6 to 75.4±8.8 Bq $kg^{-1}$, 10.9±1.6 to 76.3±8.9 Bq $kg^{-1}$, 925.9±29.0 to 3848.0±73.2 Bq $kg^{-1}$ and 6.1±1.1 to 2824.8±79.8 Bq $kg^{-1}$, respectively. The mean total annual effective dose was found to be 11.5 μSv $y^{-1}$. ${}^{40}K$ radionuclide was the highest contributor to the mean total annual effective dose as 5.35 μSv $y^{-1}$. The mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) caused by consumption of mushrooms in the study was determined as 4.6 x$10^{-5}$.
Determination of Resistance Cumhuriyet-75 and Selimiye-95 Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Varieties Against to Some Abiotic Stress Factories
(2018-06-01) Nezahat TURFAN; Ekrem MUTLU
In this study, resistance mechanism of two wheat genotypes against salt, heavy metal,lime and drought (50%) treatments were investigated in summer Cumhuriyet-75 andwinter Selimiye-95. According to results chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll andcarotenoid level increased in FeCl3, drought and 225 mM NaCl in Cumhuriyet-75 butthey were higher at NaCl, FeCl3 and ZnCl2 treatments in Selimiye-95 comparison tocontrol. While H2O2 content rose all stres treatments in both varieties butMalondialdehyde (MDA) decreased in Selimiye with all applications. The amount ofproline is lower in Cumhuiyet-75 but higher in Selimiye-95. Total soluble protein wasfound higher at salt concentartion and drought in both varieties. Ascorbate peroxidase(APX), Süperoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in salt and FeCl3 in Selimiye-95but SOD ativity were higher at salt treatments in Cumhuriyet-75. And also in bothvarieties APX and Guaiacol peroxidase (GuPX) increased at FeCl3 but Catalase (CAT)were higher in only FeCl3 in Cumhuriyet-75. As a result Selimiye-95 showed tolerance tosalt and FeCl3 with high photosynthetic pigment, proline and soluble protein content withlower MDA but it is sensitive to NiCl2 and drought. Whereas Cumhuriyet-75 cultivar isresistan to drought, FeCl3 and 225 mM NaCl depended on pigment, protein content andAPX, CAT, GuPX and SOD activities. When all the data are taken into consideration, itwas concluded that the responses of the varieties to the treatments changed according tothe type and concentration of stress, and Selimiye-95 variety was tolerant compared toCumhuriyet-75 variet
Doğadan Toplanan ve Portakal Kütüğünde Yetiştirilen Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst Mantar Türünün Bazı Kimyasal İçeriklerinin Karşılaştırılması
(2016-03-01) Nezahat TURFAN; Sabri ÜNAL; Mertcan KARADENİZ
Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst (Reishi mantarı) tıbbi mantar türlerinden biridir. Mantarların kimyasal içerikleri, yetişme ortamlarının fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerine bağlı olarak önemli değişiklik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada; doğadan toplanan ve portakal kütüğünde yetiştirilen Ganoderma lucidum mantarlarının toplam çözünür protein, toplam çözünür karbonhidrat (glikoz, fruktoz ve sakkaroz) ve bazı element (P, K, Mg, Mn, S, Fe, Ca ve Na) içerikleri araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, portakal kütüğünde yetiştirilen G. lucidum mantarlarının toplam protein, glikoz, fruktoz, sakkaroz ve nişasta miktarları, doğadan toplanan G. lucidum mantarlarına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Fosfor, demir, sodyum, potasyum ve sülfür içerikleri portakal kütüğünde yetiştirilen mantarlarda daha yüksek iken, kalsiyum, magnezyum, manganez ve çinko değerlerinin doğadan toplananlara göre daha fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, portakal kütüğünde yetiştirilen G. lucidum mantarı örneklerinin, doğadan toplananlara göre daha yüksek besin değerlerine sahip olduğu söylenebilir
Effects of Air Pollution on Some Chemical Compounds of Cherry Laurel (Prunus Laurocerasus L.) in Kastamonu
(2019-04-01) Nezahat TURFAN; Özlem MEŞE
Industrialization and overuse of automobiles result in the release of toxic matter in the air which may induce harmful effect on the living system such as plant, animal, soil fauna. All pollutants from traffic and factories suppress plant growth and development by preventing physiological and biochemical reactions. However, trees can play an important role in improvement the air quality by prevention of environmental pollution in the urban environment. The present study was conducted in Kastamonu city. It purpose was to point out the impacts of air pollution caused traffic on chemical compositions in Prunus laurocerasus L. For this purpose, we collected leaf sample of trees from areas away from the traffic for control, while polluted sample were selected from regions where the traffic was heavy (Salıpazarı) and less dense (Kısla park) in Kastamonu city center. In each of leaf sample, the amount of chlorophyll pigments, carotenoid, total soluble protein, MDA-malondialdehyde, H2O2, enzymatic antioxidants such as APX, CAT, GPOX and SOD activities, and non-enzymatic antioxidants measurements were performed. According to data, the amount of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, and CAT and GPOX activities was determined higher in non-polluted plant but chlorophyll a, proline, total soluble carbohydrate and SOD activity enhanced excessively contaminated leaf. APX activity was the highest in lighter contaminated leaf samples but H2O2 was the lowest. As a result, it could be concluded that the growth and development of cherry laurel was found to be affected traffic pollution depended on the severity of pollution. And also, on the basis of this study it can be said that cherry laurel is resistant to air pollution, and the results could be used in the future research to understand the role of individual tree species in air pollution.
Effects of Cd and Zn Treatments on Leaf Chemıcal Compounds of Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii), Boxwood (Buxus sempervirens var. rotundifolia), and Gold tassel (Euonymus japonica var. aurea) Species
(2023-06-01) Nezahat TURFAN; Erkan GENÇ
In the present study, the effects of cadmium (25 μM and 50 μM) and zinc (200 μM and 400 μM) treatments on some bioactive compounds and mineral levels in leaves of japanese barberry, boxwood, and gold tassel genotypes were investigated. Given the results, it was determined that photosynthetic pigments were stimulated by 200 μM Zn and 400 μM Zn. Boxwood was found to be tolerant to the treatments in terms of chlorophyll and carotenoid. In contrast, japanese barberry was found to be tolerant in terms of chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. The amount of anthocyanin was higher in the leaves of gold tassel, and boxwood and the total phenolic was higher level in gold tassel and japanese barberry in all treatments. Proline and nitrate levels were generally high in the treated groups of three plants, as well as RWC in japanese barberry and boxwood. Given the element results, japanese barberry had a higher accumulation capacity for P, S, Mn, Cl, Cd, Fe, Al, Si, Cu, Ba, Zn, Ti, and Cr, boxwood for K, Mn, Cl, Cd, Zn, Fe, Al, Si, and Cr, and Gold tassel for K, P, S, Mn, Cl, and Cd. As a result, boxwood showed a higher tolerance to 400 μM Zn, japanese barberry plant to 200 μM Zn, and 50 μM Cd. It can be said that boxwood and japanese barberry plants can be used in afforestation projects in urban parks, gardens, and roadside, as well as in areas with high soil pollution, to reduce the pollution damage.
Effects of glutamic acid applications on the yield and growth parameters in garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivation
(2023-03-24) Buse TURAN; Nezahat TURFAN
Since exogenous amino acid applications to agricultural plants provide ready mineral nutrition for plants, they are widely used to enhance the yield and quality of crops as well as to strengthen resistance to environmental impacts. In the present study, the effects of L-Glutamic acid (GLU) (100, 200, 400, 800, and 1000 mg L-1) treatments on the growth parameters, bulb yield, chemical contents, and weight loss of Taşköprü garlic were analyzed. Given the findings, 800 GLU dose was found to have the highest values in shoot length and width, fresh weight, width, and length of the bulb, length and of large and small cloves, and yield per plot. On the other hand, the lowest results in total free amino acid, nitrate, polyphenol, ascorbic acid, and % ash amounts were obtained with 400 GLU, while the maximum leaf length and width was obtained with 1000 GLU dose. The first and third weight losses were obtained in 100 GLU and control groups and the second weight loss value obtained in all groups were higher than in the control. Considering all the data, the doses of 800 GLU and 400 GLU yielded the most positive effect on growth parameters, bulb yield, and weight loss measurements in garlic, whereas the lowest level of effect was observed in the control and 100 GLU groups. In conclusion, it can be stated that the foliar application of L-Glutamic acid in garlic cultivation might increase the yield and quality.
Effects of Iron-Steel Factory and Dense Traffic on Leaf Chemical Compounds of Six Tree Species in Turkey
(2018-12-01) Temel SARIYILDIZ; Gamze SAVACI; Nezahat TURFAN
Aim of study: Tree planting can play an important role in improving the quality of the urban environment. On the other hand, air pollutants can affect growth and health of trees. We studied the impacts of air pollution caused by the iron - steel factory and dense traffic on leaf chemical composition and also tree tolerance to the air pollution using six tree species (Maple, Ash tree, Cypress, Black pine, Sycamore and Aspen).Material and Methods: The fresh leaf and needle sampling was carried out in April and July, and analyzed for photosynthetic pigments, peroxidation level, hydrogen peroxide, enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants.Main results : Although there were statistically significant variations in the studied chemical compositions of the fresh leaf and needle samples between the six tree species, the pollution types and time, each chemical factor acted different ways with the pollution types and time according to tree species. In general, the pigment values, MDA, H2O2 and APX, concentrations in July were lower than those in April, whereas CAT, SOD, proline and protein concentrations in July were higher than those in April. Maple tree was more resistant to the traffic pollution, while Ash tree was more tolerant to both the pollution types. Among all trees, Aspen was found more susceptible to the traffic pollutionResearch highlights: The results could be used in the future research directions to improve our understanding of the role of individual tree species in air pollution reduction and also set up a healthy, well managed urban forest which can provide many ecological benefits to urban environment.
Farklı Koşullarda Saklanan Taşköprü Sarımsağında Bazı Kimyasal Özelliklerin Belirlenmesi
(2016-11-01) Nezahat TURFAN; Aslı KURNAZ; Temel SARIYILDIZ; Mehtap ALAY
Sarımsak, kükürtlü bileşikler (alisin, alliin), karbohidratlar (sakkaroz, glikoz), protein, lif ve serbest amino asitler, enzimler, fenolik bileşikler, flavonoitler, ?- karoten, vitaminler, makro ve mikro elementler açısından zengin bir bitkidir. Bu nedenle de yıllardır yemeklere lezzet vermek ve birçok hastalığın tedavisinde ilaç olarak kulanılmıştır. Çiğ olarak tüketildiği gibi kurutulmuş sarımsak, sarımsak tozu, sarımsak suyu, sarımsak püresi ve uçucu sarımsak yağı gibi sarımsaktan doğrudan elde edilen ürünler olarak da tüketilmektedir. Sarımsağın tadı, besin değeri, kimyasal kompozisyonu, rengi ve görüntüsü hasat öncesi ve sonrası yapılan uygulamalari depolama ömrü ve koşulları, muhafaza şekilleri gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Çalışmada farklı saklama koşullarının sarımsağın kalitesi üzerine etkileri, prolin, serbest amino asit, toplam çözünür protein,?-karoten, toplam fenolik bileşikler, flavonoitler, lipit peroksidasyonu seviyesi (malondialdehit), sakkaroz ve toplam çözünür karbohidrat, APx, CAT ve SOD enzim aktiviteleri gibi kimyasal bileşenlerin değişimleri belirlenerek değerlendirilmiştir. Analizler kontrol grup, -18 °C, saf zeytinyağı ve %2 NaCl içeren sirkede karanlık ve serin koşullarda 10 ay süresince bekletilen sarımsak dişlerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgulara göre sirkede bekleyen sarımsak örneklerinde, prolin, amino asit, flavonoit, zeytinyağında bekleyen örneklerde protein, fenolik bileşik, APx ve SOD aktivitesi; -18 °C'de ?-karoten, sakkaroz ve toplam çözünür karbohidrat miktarı ve kontrol grubu sarımsak örneklerinde ise CAT aktivitesi yüksektir. Lipit peroksidasyonu seviyesi -18 °C ve sirkede bekletilen örneklerde düşüktür. Sonuç olarak sarımsağın kimyasal bileşenleri en iyi sirke ve zeytinyağında korunmuştur. En düşük değerler ise doğal koşullarda bekletilen ve -18 °C'de saklanan sarımsak örneklerinde saptanmıştır. Veriler doğrultusunda sarımsağın farklı konsantrasyonlardaki sirke ve zeytinyağı içerisinde bekletilmesi ile besin değeri ve antioksidant özellikleri yüksek sarımsak ürünlerinin elde edilebileceği söylenebilir
Farklı Saklana Koşullarının Taşköprü Sarımsağının (Allium sativum L.) Radyometrik ve Element İçeriği Üzerine Etkileri
(2017-10-01) Nezahat TURFAN; Aslı KURNAZ
Sarımsak, karbonhidratlar, enzimler, kükürtlü ve fenolik bileşikler, protein ve vitaminler açısından oldukça zengindir. Aynı zamanda yetiştirildiği toprağın yapısına bağlı olarak bünyesinde doğal ve yapay radyonüklitler ile ağır metaller de bulundurabilmektedir. Yemeklere lezzet veren ve birçok hastalığın tedavisinde ilaç olarak kullanılan sarımsak, çiğ olarak tüketildiği gibi kurutulmuş, toz, püre ve uçucu sarımsak yağı gibi sarımsaktan doğrudan elde edilen ürünler olarak da tüketilmektedir. Bu çalışmada farklı saklama koşullarının sarımsağın element ve radyonüklit içeriğine etkileri belirlenmiş, sonuçlar uluslararası kuruluşların sınır değerleri ile kıyaslanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Taşköprü sarımsağının farklı saklama koşullarında radyonüklit konsantrasyonları ve element içeriği bakımından insan sağlığı için herhangi bir tehdit oluşturmadığı saptanmıştır.
Investigation of Foliar L-Glutamic Application on the Resistance to the Capacity of the SC2121 Tomato Variety (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to Long-Term Salinity Stress
(2023-06-30) Nezahat TURFAN; Özlem DÜZEL
Within the scope of this study, the effects of L-Glutamic acid (L-GLU: 250 mg L-1, 500 mg L-1) treatments on morphological and biochemical characteristics of SC2121 tomato variety under salt stress (50 mM, 100 mM, 200 mM NaCl) were compared. The morphological results obtained from leaves and fruits were found to peak at 500GLU, 50NaCl-500GLU, 250GLU, and 200NaCl-500GLU, whereas their lowest values were achieved with doses of 200NaCl, 200NaCl-250GLU, 100NaCl, and 100NaCl-500GLU Among the bioactive molecules, amino acid, and proline amounts increased in all the treatments, whereas total protein increased in 500GLU and 50NaCl- 250GLU, 50NaCl-500GLU. CAT activity increased in doses of 500GLU and 50 NaCl-250GLU, 50NaCl-500GLU, whereas POD and SOD activity decreased in high NaCl and 200NaCl+ 250GLU, 200NaCl-500GLU. Treatments caused an increase in MDA concentration, while NaCl (50-100 mM), GLU, and 100 NaCl-500GLU reduced the H2O2 concentration. In conclusion, 500GLU, 50NaCl-500GLU, 50NaCl-250GLU, 250GLU, and 200NaCl+500GLU stimulated the growth and development in the SC2121 tomato variety, as well as the leaf bioactive chemicals. However, 200NaCl-250GLU, 200NaCl, and 200NaCl-250GLU reduced the growth and development of the tomato and decreased the chemicals in the leaves. Given the results, it can be stated that yield and quality could be increased by making use of GLU treatments in tomato varieties under salt stress.
Magnetik alan uygulamalarının doğu kayını (Fagus orientalis Lipsky.) tohumunun kimyasal içeriğine etkisi
(2016-04-01) Nezahat TURFAN; Sezgin AYAN; Aybaba HANÇERLİOĞULLARI; Burcu HASDEMİR; Esra Nurten YER
Önceki çalışmalar magnetik alanın, bazı tarımsal ürün tohumlarının çimlenme sürecini etkileyebildiğini ve bazı tohum karakterleri üzerine etkileri olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sebeple bu çalışmada; magnetik alan uygulamalarının doğu kayını tohumları üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Katlama ön işlemine tabi tutulmayan tohumlar; farklı sürelerde (20, 60, 120 dakika) ve 200 ile 400 mT yoğunluktaki magnetik alan uygulamasına maruz bırakılmıştır. Magnetik alan uygulamasına maruz bırakılan tohumlarda; toplam protein, glukoz, fruktoz, sukroz, nişasta içeriği ve ?-amilaz akitivite seviyesi analiz edilmiştir. Magnetik alan uygulamaları, toplam protein, ?-amilaz akitivite seviyesi, glukoz, fruktoz, sukroz ve nişasta içeriğini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Magnetik alan uygulaması, tohumdaki çözünebilir protein içeriği ve ?-amilaz akitivite seviyesini negatif etkilemiştir. 200 mT yoğunluk ve 20 dakika süreli magnetik alan uygulaması hariç, diğer magnetik alan işlemlerinde çözünebilir nişasta içeriği artmıştır
Nutrition content assessment of Arachis hypogaea L. samples grown in the Mediterranean region of Turkey
(2019-01-01) Nezahat TURFAN; Tahsin ÖZER; Muhammet KARATAŞLI; Şeref TURHAN; Aslı KURNAZ
A total of 42 Turkish peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) samples were analysed for their total free amino acid, β-carotene, lycopene, and flavonoid contents, and the total phenols, glucose, fructose and sucrose in the peanut samples were determined as nutrition aspects. The average values of the total free amino acid, beta-carotene, lycopene, glucose, fructose and sucrose were determined to be 14.4 µmol g−1, 14.4 µg (100 ml)−1, 14.4 µg (100 ml)−1, 1.07 mg g−1, 0.52 mg g−1 and 2.74 mg g−1, respectively. The results reveal that the consumption of Turkish peanut samples is safe and that they contain health-enhancing nutrients.
Nutritional and Antioxidant Variability of Some Wild and Cultivated Edible Mushrooms from Kastamonu Rural Areas#
(2019-01-01) Enes AKIN; Şeyma Selin AKIN; Nezahat TURFAN; Sezgin AYAN
In this study, variation of some chemical components such as anthocyanin, β-carotene, lycopene, phenolic, nitrate, soluble protein, proline, glucose, sucrose and total carbohydrate level ad PAL activity in some wild and cultivated edible mushrooms was examined. For this, four different mushroom species (Agaricus campestris L.,Cantharellus cibarius Fr., Hericium erinaceus(Bull.) Pers., Lactarius piperatus L. Pers) were supplied from local market, named Kuzeykent Semt Bazaar, in Kastamonu province of Turkey. Mushroom samples were collected from Araç, Daday, Devrekani and Tosya locations of Kastamonu. According to findings, the highest anthocyanin value and PAL activity were obtained from A. campestriscollected from Arac location with 0.107 mg g-1and 6.99 EU, respectively. The amount of β-carotene (2.297 mg g-1) and lycopene (0.644 mgg-1) was the highest in C. cibarius collected from Tosya location, however; proline, soluble protein, nitrate and glucose level were the maximum in A. campestriscollected from Devrekani location with 149.61 μmol g-1, 55.49 mg, 159.963 mg g-1 and 29.36 μg g-1, respectively. While total carbohydrate was the highest in H. erinaceuscollected from Araç location with 80.97 μg g-1, sucrose concentration was the maximum with 39.22 mg g-1 in H. erinaceuscollected from Daday location. As a result, A. campestriscollected from Devrekani location exhibited the highest nutrient in terms of chemicals analysed except anthocyanin and it was followed by H. erinaceuscollected from Daday location. However, C. cibarius and H. erinaceuscollected from Araç location had lower chemical components. It can be said that these mushroom species are valuable and important as major food sources and non-wood products for Kastamonu province.
Savrun Ispanak (Spinacia oleracea L.) Çeşidinin Bazı Abiyotik Stres Faktörlerine Tepkisi
(2017-10-01) Nezahat TURFAN
Bu çalışmada Savrun ıspanak (Spinacea oleracea L.) çeşidinde tuz, ağır metal, kuraklık ve kireç stresine dayanıklık mekanizması araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla kontrollü koşullarda iklim dobında yetiştirilen, 5-6 yapraklı fideler dört hafta süresince tuz (75, 150 ve 225 mM NaCl), ağır metal (%0,2 FeCl3, NiCl2 ve ZnCl2), kurak (%50) ve kireç (%0,2 CaCO3) stres uygulamalarına maruz bırakılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Savrun ıspanak çeşidinde klorofil a, b, toplam klorofil ve karotenoit, ?-karoten ve likopen içeriği kuraklık ve CaCO3 stres uygulamalarında artış göstermiştir. Toplam çözünür protein ve GuPX tüm stres uygulamalarında, prolin NiCl2, 75 ve 150 mM NaCl uygulamalarında yüksektir. APX aktivitesi 75 mM NaCl ve ZnCl2; CAT 150 mM NaCl ve kuraklık hariç diğer stres uygulamalarda; SOD aktivitesi ise kuraklık, CaCO3 ve 225 mM NaCl stres uygulamalarında yüksek bulunmuştur. MDA içeriği ise FeCl3 hariç diğer uygulamalarda düşük ve H2O2 ise 225 mM NaCl ve kuraklık uygulamasında düşük diğer uygulamalarda yüksektir. Sonuç olarak Savrun ıspanak çeşidinin CaCO3 ve kuraklık uygulamalarına toleransı yüksek, 225 mM NaCl, ZnCl2 ve FeCl3 uygulamalarına ise duyarlığı yüksek bulunmuştur. Çeşidin NiCl2 ve 75 mM NaCl uygulamalarına ise orta derecede toleranslı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte strese tolerans parametreleri oldukça değişkenlik göstermiştir
Uludağ Göknarı ve Sarıçam İbrelerinin Bazı Kimyasal Bileşiklerinin Meşcere Yaşına ve Bazı Toprak Özelliklerine Bağlı Olarak Değişimi
(2016-11-01) Nezahat TURFAN; Temel SARIYILDIZ; Gamze SAVACI
Ormanlar karbondioksitin bağlanması, su ve mineral döngüsü, toprak ve suyun korunması, iklimin düzenlenmesi ve en önemlisi atmosferdeki oksijenin sağlanması gibi ekolojik fonksiyonları düzenlediği gibi ekonomik ve sosyokültürel olarak da faydalar sunan doğal kaynaklardır. Göknar ve sarıçam herdem yeşil, ekolojik çeşitlilik ve ekonomik olarak önemli orman ağaçlarındandır. Burada sunulan çalışmada, Kastamonu yöresinde yayılış gösteren Uludağ göknarı (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana Mattf.) ve sarıçamın (Pinus sylvestris L.) ibrelerinin kimyasal içerikleri üzerinde ağaç yaşı ve bazı toprak özelliklerinin etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için, farklı yaş gruplarındaki Uludağ göknar (38, 60, 90, 100) ve sarıçam (18, 30) ağaçlarından alınan ibre örneklerinin fotosentetik pigment (klorofil and karotenoit), prolin, toplam çözünür protein, glikoz, fruktoz, sakkaroz, nişasta miktarı, lipit peroksidasyon seviyesi (MDA, malondialdehit), hidrojen peroksit (HO2) konsantrasyonu, askorbat peroksidaz (APx), guaiakol peroksidaz (GPx), katalaz (CAT) ve süperoksitdismutaz (SOD) aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, 90 yaşındaki Uludağ göknarı ibrelerinde pigment, glikoz, nişasta, MDA ve HO2 miktarı, APx, GPx ve CAT aktivitesi en yüksek bulunurken, prolin ve protein miktarları en düşük bulunmuştur. 38 yaşındaki Uludağ göknarı ibrelerinde ise prolin and protein miktarı en yüksek tespit edilirken, pigment, şeker, nişasta ve MDA miktarı ise daha düşük belirlenmiştir. 60 yaşındaki Uludağ göknarı ibrelerinde ölçülen aynı parametreler ise en düşük miktarlara sahip olmuştur. 18 yaşındaki sarıçam ibrelerinde fotosentetik pigment, prolin ve protein miktarı, APx, GPx ve CAT aktivitesi yüksek bulunurken, şeker ve nişasta miktarı ile SOD aktivitesi ise 30 yaşındaki ibrelerde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, 90 yaşındaki Uludağ göknarı ile 18 yaşındaki sarıçamın diğer yaş gruplarına göre daha üstün özelliklere sahip olduğu; her iki tür ele alındığında ise Uludağ göknarının daha tolerant bir tür olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara ek olarak, orman ağaçlarının toprak özelliklerine göre gösterdiği davranışlarının ağaç türü ve ağaç yaşına göre farklılıklar gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bununla beraber, kesin bir sonuca varabilmek için daha fazla ağaç türlerini ve farklı yaşları kapsayan daha detaylı çalışmalara ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır
Variation in chemical compounds of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves with tree age
(2020-11-01) Temel SARIYILDIZ; Gamze SAVACI; Nezahat TURFAN
In this present study, we investigated the chemical compounds in the fresh leaves of ancient walnuttrees (Juglans regia L.) aged 25, 75, 100, and over 400 year. Under similar environmental conditions,the fresh leaves of walnut trees were collected and analysed for chlorophyll molecules as chlorophylla, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, enzymatic compounds (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT)and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities) and non-enzymatic compounds (proline, total solubleprotein, total phenolic compounds), flavonoid and reducing sugars (glucose, sucrose, total solublesugar). In addition, the oxidative stress level was determined by measuring lipid peroxidation (MDAmalondialdehyde)and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Significant differences in the chemical compositionof the fresh leaves were found between the 4 different tree age classes. In general, the results showedthat mean chlorophyll pigments were increased with increasing the age. There was also a generaltrend that mean glucose and starch concentrations increased with the age, while mean sucroseconcentration decreased, but no changes were noted for mean total soluble carbohydrate. On theother hand, mean SOD concentration decreased with increasing the age. Other chemical compounds(mean proline, total soluble protein, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, APX and CAT), however,did not show clear trends with the age. As a result, these pioneer study have provided valuable insightinto the variation in the chemical constituents of walnut tree leaves in relation to the age, and it canbe used to better understanding, managing and fighting against pathogens of walnut ecosystems infuture studies.
Variation in Chemicals and Growth Parameters of Taşköprü Garlic
(2020-12-01) Nezahat TURFAN
Main goals of the present study were (1) to initially investigate the nutrient contents and bioactivecompounds in the bulb and cloves of garlic, and (2) to study the growth parameter after planting.Garlic bulbs were firstly separated into three categories as pickled, big and small, while the big garliccloves were also classified into three categories as big, small and central. Secondly, the garlicsamples were analyzed before planting for their element profile, proline, soluble protein, free aminoacid, β-carotene, lycopene, total phenolic, soluble sugars, SOD and α-amylase activities. Finally, thegrowth parameters were measured using the cultivated cloves and the pickled bulbs. According tothe result, the highest soluble protein, N, phenolic, lycopene and α amylase activity (97.06 mg,2.58%, 971 mg, 0.368 mg and 38.13 EU, respectively) were recorded in the biggest cloves. Thehighest proline, amino acid, glucose content (93.84 µmol, 23.54 mg, 230.89 mg, respectively) andK, P, S, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn (21940 ppm, 7577 ppm, 12200 ppm, 504 ppm, 38.1ppm, 377,7ppm and44.5 ppm, respectively) were found in the pickled bulb. The maximum level of β-carotene (0.282mg), Ca, Cl and Sr (11260ppm, 818.7ppm and 47.9 ppm) were determined in the small bulbs. Basedon the growth parameters of seedlings, the highest value of shoot and root length (39.12 cm and24.11 cm respectively), the fresh weight of shoot and root (5.29 g and 4.54 g respectively) and dryweight of shoot and root (1.70 g and 1.24 g respectively) were noted with the big cloves. The resultsof the current study have indicated that the pickled cloves have higher macro and micro nutrients,proline, amino acid and glucose, while the big cloves of garlic have higher proline, phenolic, N%,lycopene and amylase activity. It can be said that the big cloves showed good value for the fivebioactive compounds, but the pickled exhibited good value for the macro and micro element andglucose.
Variation in Chemicals and Growth Parameters of Taşköprü Garlic
(2020-12-01) Nezahat TURFAN
Main goals of the present study were (1) to initially investigate the nutrient contents and bioactivecompounds in the bulb and cloves of garlic, and (2) to study the growth parameter after planting.Garlic bulbs were firstly separated into three categories as pickled, big and small, while the big garliccloves were also classified into three categories as big, small and central. Secondly, the garlicsamples were analyzed before planting for their element profile, proline, soluble protein, free aminoacid, β-carotene, lycopene, total phenolic, soluble sugars, SOD and α-amylase activities. Finally, thegrowth parameters were measured using the cultivated cloves and the pickled bulbs. According tothe result, the highest soluble protein, N, phenolic, lycopene and α amylase activity (97.06 mg,2.58%, 971 mg, 0.368 mg and 38.13 EU, respectively) were recorded in the biggest cloves. Thehighest proline, amino acid, glucose content (93.84 µmol, 23.54 mg, 230.89 mg, respectively) andK, P, S, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn (21940 ppm, 7577 ppm, 12200 ppm, 504 ppm, 38.1ppm, 377,7ppm and44.5 ppm, respectively) were found in the pickled bulb. The maximum level of β-carotene (0.282mg), Ca, Cl and Sr (11260ppm, 818.7ppm and 47.9 ppm) were determined in the small bulbs. Basedon the growth parameters of seedlings, the highest value of shoot and root length (39.12 cm and24.11 cm respectively), the fresh weight of shoot and root (5.29 g and 4.54 g respectively) and dryweight of shoot and root (1.70 g and 1.24 g respectively) were noted with the big cloves. The resultsof the current study have indicated that the pickled cloves have higher macro and micro nutrients,proline, amino acid and glucose, while the big cloves of garlic have higher proline, phenolic, N%,lycopene and amylase activity. It can be said that the big cloves showed good value for the fivebioactive compounds, but the pickled exhibited good value for the macro and micro element andglucose.