Investigation on the genotype and environmental relationships on yield and its components in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in eastern region of Turkiye

Abstract

Since sunflower oil is popular cooking oil around the world, the demand for sunflower oil has been increasing recently. The investigation wsas carried out to study the interaction of diverse cultivars with environmental factors on sunflowers' yield components (Helianthus annuus L.). The seed yield and its components significantly varied depending on the variety and location. The maximum seed yield (3700.5 kg ha(-1)) was recorded from Erzurum region in Bosfora cultivar while the minimum seed yield (3450.8 kg ha(-1)) was obtained from Igdir region in Tunca cultivar. Correspondingly Tunca gave a maximum (1620.0 kg ha(-1)) oil yield in Igdir region and a minimum (1550.6 kg ha(-1)) oil yield in Erzurum region. Correlations among seed yield and plant height, head diameter, 1000-seed weight, hectoliter weight, oil concentration and oil yield also showed differences with regards to statistical significance and value at both locations as per the environmental conditions that influenced the individual traits. The results suggested the selection of suitable genotypes must consider the type of soil, local climate, and environmental conditions, which play an important role in oil concentration and seed yield of sunflower. The identified genotypes with high yield and oil content could be used in a breeding programme for the enhancement of genetic potential in sunflowers.