The Impacts of Agricultural Energy Use and Cultivable Area on the Cropland Footprint in Light of the EKC Model: Evidence from the Top Ten Most Successful Countries in Agriculture

Abstract

This study examines the impact of agricultural production on environmental degradation. Specifically, it tests the agricultural energy use and arable land variables, along with the agricultural Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, in the ten most agriculturally successful countries: Australia, Canada, Mexico, T & uuml;rkiye, United States, Argentina, Brazil, China, India, and Russia. Using annual data from 1992 to 2020, econometric analyses were conducted through Bootstrap ARDL (B-ARDL) and Bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto causality methods. The results only validate the agricultural EKC hypothesis in T & uuml;rkiye among the countries in the sample. This finding highlights T & uuml;rkiye's commitment to agricultural structural transformations. Recent developments and support in T & uuml;rkiye's agricultural sector align with the study's findings. Policy recommendations focused on how these developments could threaten food security.