Acute toxicity of cyprodinil, glyphosate isopropylamine salt, and indoxacarb pesticides in narrow-clawed crayfish, Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823)

Abstract

This work aimed to determine the acute toxic effects of three different commercial pesticide formulations containing cyprodinil, glyphosate isopropylamine salt, and indoxacarb as active ingredients in adult narrow-clawed crayfish, Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823). First, we determined median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of the pesticides in a 96-hr semistatic acute toxicity test. Then, we exposed another group of experimental animals to sublethal concentrations (20% of LC50 values) of cyprodinil, glyphosate isopropylamine salt, and indoxacarb for 96 hr. Results showed that the LC50 values of cyprodinil, glyphosate isopropylamine salt, and indoxacarb are 18.402, 59.715, and 13.133 mg/L, respectively, indicating low toxicity to crayfish. It was determined that cyprodinil causes oxidative damage, activation of immune response, antioxidant system suppression, and severe hepatopancreas damage. The glyphosate isopropylamine salt group displayed mild alterations in hepatopancreas and severe DNA damage. Indoxacarb exposure led to oxidative damage and severe hepatopancreas histopathology. According to the results, all tested pesticides cause toxicity in crayfish. Moreover, genotoxicity caused by glyphosate isopropylamine salt is a serious concern and requires thorough research. It is recommended to monitor cyprodinil, glyphosate isopropylamine salt, and indoxacarb concentrations in water bodies hosting crayfish to take necessary measures for the protection of wild populations.