What are the most influential drivers of tourism destination competitiveness?

Abstract

This study investigates the complex drivers behind the competitiveness of global tourism destinations, employing a comprehensive machine-learning approach to analyze data from the World Economic Forum and the UNWTO for 2019 and 2021. By utilizing decision trees, random forest algorithms, and Partial Dependence Plots (PDPs), the research identifies key factors—such as ICT Readiness, Human Resources, Non-Leisure Resources, and Price Competitiveness—that significantly influence tourism competitiveness. Key findings indicate that ICT Readiness stands out as a critical determinant across all countries, highlighting the indispensable role of digital infrastructure in the tourism sector. For the 20 leading destinations by international arrivals, non-leisure resources and human resources are pivotal, suggesting that offering a wide array of activities and maintaining a skilled workforce are essential for a competitive edge. This research contributes valuable perspectives for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academics, enriching the global dialogue on strategies for fostering competitive and sustainable tourism industries.