Urban Heat Island From A 3d Modeling Perspective—A Review

Abstract

The number of studies on the urban heat island has been increasing in recent years. Developments in geospatial analytics, especially in recent years, have made frequent use of three-dimensional 3D modeling techniques in urban heat island research. There is a limited number of studies in the literature that deals with a systematic review of planning strategies and 3D modeling techniques used that are effective in reducing the formation of urban heat islands. The study presents an evaluation of a total of 33 studies that evaluated planning strategies that are effective in reducing the urban heat island effect with 3D modeling. The studies were evaluated in 4 sections. While the parameters used in the studies were evaluated in the first part, a summary of the studies and the criteria they used were evaluated in the second part, and the techniques of the studies were evaluated in the third part. In the last part, the programs used in 3D modeling were evaluated. As a result of the evaluations, it has been determined that buildings, green areas, and pavements, which are the most effective factors in the formation of urban heat islands, should be taken into account in planning strategies. In these 33 studies examined, the cooling effect of green areas on urban areas comes to the fore. These studies show that it has been concluded that the 3D indicators reflect the temperature, built environment, and land cover/use relationship in the best way. This result shows that 3D spatial modeling techniques should be preferred more in urban heat island research since they better reflect 2D land cover variables.