The first and second law analyses of thermodynamics for a human living at Kastamonu and Karabük cities in Türkiye

Abstract

The phenomenon of heat dissipation and exergy transfer during the respiratory process in the human body holds significant importance concerning thermal comfort and wellness. In this study, the effect of the environmental condition of the Kastamonu and Karabük Provinces in the Türkiye's West Blacksea region on human body thermoregulation behavior has been investigated for the last eight years (2015–2022). It has been found that the cumulative heat loss and entropy generation associated with human respiration are markedly influenced by seasonal and environmental fluctuations. Besides, it has been detailly examined that the effects of average air temperature, average relative humidity, and average atmospheric pressure used as meteorological data on energy loss, entropy generation, and exergy flow have been investigated. The results reveal that most heat loss originates from metabolism energy at the rate of 5.935 W/m2. In addition, it was observed that heat exchange realized by passive systems such as convection and evaporation exhibited the maximum energy loss. Moreover, the results revealed that an increment in environmental temperature and relative humidity causes a decrement in convective heat loss. An evaluation of lowest heat loss and the highest exergy values was obtained specifically for İnebolu distriction (PZ-3). Accordingly, the minimum finding in heat loss, quantified as 1.9099 W/m2, was observed in the month of August, while the zenith in exergy, reaching 0.2846 W/m2, was likewise noted during the same temporal interval. Besides, the level of thermal comfort at each location is computed. According to the predicted mean vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) indexes, it was concluded that the dissatisfaction of the atmospheric conditions in the provinces in four seasons is high on the human body.