Pubmed İndekslenen Yayınlar

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12597/3195

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(1 → 3)-β-d-glucan enhances the toxicity induced by Bortezomib in rat testis.
(2020-03-01T00:00:00Z) Akaras, Nurhan; Abuc, Ozlem Ozgul; Koc, Kubra; Bal, Tugba; Geyikoglu, Fatime; Atilay, Hilal; Erol, Huseyin Serkan; Yigit, Serdar; Gul, Murat
We aimed to determine the possible effects of the antioxidant agent (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan on bortezomib-induced rat testis damage. We used five groups of rats; control, (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan (75 mg/kg), bortezomib group, bortezomib + (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan groups (injection of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan after bortezomib and sacrificed at 48th or 72nd h). The effects of these substances were assessed by measuring the levels of the antioxidant enzymes and LPO, and by performing immunohistochemical analysis with NF-κB. The histology of testis was evaluated using aniline blue staining. (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan leads to significant reductions in the levels of antioxidant enzymes and increased levels of LPO in testes. Moreover, it increased the NF-κB immunopositivity significantly in testis, especially in Bortezomib + (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan group at 48th h. The histological changes were observed in the bortezomib and/or (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan groups. Our results demonstrated that testis damage caused by the treatment with bortezomib was not eliminated by (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan and shockingly it increased the damage. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The testis damage caused by the treatment with bortezomib was not eliminated by (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan and as a result, β-1,3-(D)-glucan enhanced the toxicity by leading a decrease in the levels of GSH, SOD, and CAT, thus caused an elevation in the immunoreactivity of NF-κB and altered the histopathological changes by enhancing the toxic effects of bortezomib. The findings of the previous studies about the antioxidative activity of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan are controversial. So, it is necessary to consider the cytotoxicity of (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan in testis tissue. Thus, more studies on testis tissue are necessary to confirm that (1 → 3)-β-D-glucan is safe as an antioxidant.
1,2,3-Triazole substituted phthalocyanine metal complexes as potential inhibitors for anticholinesterase and antidiabetic enzymes with molecular docking studies.
(2022-07-01T00:00:00Z) Koçyiğit, Ümit M; Taslimi, Parham; Tüzün, Burak; Yakan, Hasan; Muğlu, Halit; Güzel, Emre
In recent years, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-glycosidase (α-gly) inhibition have emerged as a promising and important approach for pharmacological intervention in many diseases such as glaucoma, epilepsy, obesity, cancer, and Alzheimer's. In this manner, the preparation and enzyme inhibition activities of peripherally 1,2,3-triazole group substituted metallophthalocyanine derivatives with strong absorption in the visible region were presented. These novel metallophthalocyanine derivatives () effectively inhibited AChE, with values in the range of 40.11 ± 5.61 to 78.27 ± 15.42 µM. For α-glycosidase, the most effective values of compounds and were with values of 16.11 ± 3.13 and 18.31 ± 2.42 µM, respectively. Also, theoretical calculations were investigated to compare the chemical and biological activities of the ligand () and its metal complexes (-). Biological activities of and its complexes against acetylcholinesterase for ID 4M0E (AChE) and α-glycosidase for ID 1R47 (α-gly) are calculated. Theoretical calculations were compatible with the experimental results and these 1,2,3-triazole substituted phthalocyanine metal complexes were found to be efficient inhibitors for anticholinesterase and antidiabetic enzymes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
3-({4-[(2-Methyl-benzyl-idene)amino]-5-sulfanyl-idene-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}meth-yl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one.
(2013-02-01T00:00:00Z) Aydın, Abdullah; Hekimoğlu, Nuray; Akkurt, Mehmet; Onkol, Tijen; Ciçekli, Sölen Urlu; Büyükgüngör, Orhan
In the title compound, C(18)H(15)N(5)O(2)S, a weak intra-molecular C-H⋯S hydrogen bond results in a small dihedral angle of 3.71 (9)° between the methyl-phenyl and triazole rings, which, in turn, form dihedral angles of 80.09 (8) and 77.32 (8)°, respectively, with the benzoxazolone mean plane. In the crystal, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link mol-ecules into chains along [001], and weak C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and π-π inter-actions between the five- and six-membered rings [centroid-centroid distances = 3.5074 (11) and 3.616 (1) Å] consolidate the crystal packing.
5-HT7 receptors as a new target for prostate cancer physiopathology and treatment: an experimental study on PC-3 cells and FFPE tissues.
(2021-06-01T00:00:00Z) Cinar, Irfan; Sirin, Busra; Halici, Zekai; Palabiyik-Yucelik, Saziye Sezin; Akpinar, Erol; Cadirci, Elif
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common types of cancer seen among men worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that serotonin regulates cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro; the presence of 5-HT receptors in cancer cells; and the role of serotonin in tumor development. The most recently discovered of these receptors is 5-HT7 but also least characterized receptors of serotonin. The aim of this study is to investigate the existence and possible role of 5-HT7 receptors in healthy and cancerous prostate tissues and also investigate effects of receptor agonists and antagonists on PC-3 cells to evaluate potential therapeutic effects. PC-3 cells were cultured and effects of 5-HT7 receptor agonist (LP-44) and antagonist (SB-269970) were evaluated on these cells. After proliferation analyses, relative expression of apoptotic markers and 5-HT7 receptor mRNA expression levels were determined through real-time PCR. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and Hoechst 33258 staining assay methods were applied to determine apoptosis. Additional PCR studies were performed on healthy and cancerous prostate tissue to see existence of receptors in human samples. The viability of PC-3 cells was decreased by SB-269970 after 48 and 72 h of incubation. However, LP-44 increased PC-3 cell proliferation at all time points. In 10 M SB-269970 treated PC-3 cells, there was significant increase in the expression of CAS-3 (4-fold), CAS-9 (2.5-fold), BAX (1.9-fold), and Tp-53 (4.8-fold) gene mRNA levels when compared to non-treated control group. Conversely, there was a significant decrease in NF-κB (2.9-fold) and 5-HT7 receptor (3.6-fold) mRNA expression in cells treated with SB-269970 when compared to control. SB-269970 that antagonized 5-HT7 receptors also induced apoptosis in Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assay and Hoechst 33258 staining assays when compared with other groups. In human samples, 5-HT7 receptor mRNA expression was approximately 200-fold higher than that of heathy ones. In this study, for the first time, the 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB-269970 has been shown to inhibit proliferation in PC-3 cells and to be associated with an apoptosis-inducing effect. These results suggest blocking 5-HT7 receptors can be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
A colorimetric immunoassay for the detection of human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) based on anti-VEGF-iron oxide nanoparticle conjugation
(2024) Ceylan, H.K.; Kırbay, F.Ö.; Yazgan, İ.; Elibol, M.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an indispensable element in many physiological processes, while alterations in its level in the circulating system are signs of pathology-associated diseases. Therefore, its precise and selective detection is critical for clinical applications to monitor the progression of the pathology. In this study, an optical immunoassay biosensor was developed as a model study for detecting recombinant VEGF. The VEGF sample was purified from recombinant Kluyveromyces lactis GG799 yeast cells. Indirect ELISA was used during the detection, wherein iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs) were utilized to obtain optical signals. The FeNPs were synthesized in the presence of lactose p-amino benzoic acid (LpAB). VEGF antibody was conjugated to the LpAB-FeNPs through EDC/NHS chemistry to convert the iron oxide nanoparticles into VEGF specific probes. The specificity of the prepared system was tested in the presence of potential serum-based interferents (i.e., glucose, urea, insulin, C-reactive protein, and serum amyloid A), and validation studies were performed in a simulated serum sample. The proposed immunoassay showed a wide detection range (0.5 to 100 ng/mL) with a detection limit of 0.29 ng/mL. These results show that the developed assay could offer a sensitive, simple, specific, reliable, and high-throughput detection platform that can be used in the clinical diagnostics of VEGF.
A healthy lifestyle education programme for health literacy and health-promoting behaviours: A pre-implementation and post-implementation study.
(2020-04-01T00:00:00Z) Ayaz-Alkaya, Sultan; Terzi, Handan; Işık, Betül; Sönmez, Ebru
The aim of this study was to determine whether implementation of a healthy lifestyle education programme resulted in improved health literacy levels and healthy life style behaviours.
A Maternal High-Fat Diet Causes Anxiety-Related Behaviors by Altering Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor and Hippocampal Volumes in Rat Offspring: the Potential Effect of N-Acetylcysteine.
(2023-03-01T00:00:00Z) Tüfekci, Kıymet Kübra; Bakirhan, Elfide Gizem; Terzi, Funda
The children of obese mothers are known to have a high risk of obesity and metabolic disease and are prone to developing cognitive deficits, although the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. This study investigated the relationship between neuropeptide Y1 receptor (NPY1R) and anxiety-like behaviors in the hippocampi of male rat offspring exposed to maternal obesity and the potential neuroprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). A maternal obesity model was created using a high-fat (60% k/cal) diet. NAC (150 mg/kg) was administered by intragastric gavage for 25 days in both the NAC and obesity + NAC (ObNAC) groups. All male rat offspring were subjected to behavioral testing on postnatal day 28, the end of the experiment. Stereological analysis was performed on hippocampal sections, while NPY1R expression was determined using immunohistochemical methods. Stereological data indicated significant decreases in the total volume of the hippocampus and CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions in the obese (Ob) group (p < 0.01). Decreased NPY1R expression was observed in the Ob group hippocampus (p < 0.01). At behavioral assessments, the Ob group rats exhibited increased anxiety and less social interaction, although the ObNAC group rats exhibited stronger responses than the Ob group (p < 0.01). The study results show that NAC attenuated anxiety-like behaviors and NPY1R expression and also protected hippocampal volume against maternal obesity. The findings indicate that a decrease in NPY1R-positive neurons in the hippocampus of male rats due to maternal conditions may be associated with increased levels of anxiety and a lower hippocampal volume. Additionally, although there is no direct evidence, maintenance of NPY1R expression by NAC may be critical for regulating maternal obesity-induced anxiety-related behaviors and hippocampal structure.
A multimodal and signals fusion approach for assessing the impact of stressful events on Air Traffic Controllers.
(2020-05-25T00:00:00Z) Borghini, Gianluca; Di Flumeri, Gianluca; Aricò, Pietro; Sciaraffa, Nicolina; Bonelli, Stefano; Ragosta, Martina; Tomasello, Paola; Drogoul, Fabrice; Turhan, Uğur; Acikel, Birsen; Ozan, Ali; Imbert, Jean Paul; Granger, Géraud; Benhacene, Railane; Babiloni, Fabio
Stress is a word used to describe human reactions to emotionally, cognitively and physically challenging experiences. A hallmark of the stress response is the activation of the autonomic nervous system, resulting in the "fight-freeze-flight" response to a threat from a dangerous situation. Consequently, the capability to objectively assess and track a controller's stress level while dealing with air traffic control (ATC) activities would make it possible to better tailor the work shift and maintain high safety levels, as well as to preserve the operator's health. In this regard, sixteen controllers were asked to perform a realistic air traffic management (ATM) simulation during which subjective data (i.e. stress perception) and neurophysiological data (i.e. brain activity, heart rate, and galvanic skin response) were collected with the aim of accurately characterising the controller's stress level experienced in the various experimental conditions. In addition, external supervisors regularly evaluated the controllers in terms of manifested stress, safety, and efficiency throughout the ATM scenario. The results demonstrated 1) how the stressful events caused both supervisors and controllers to underestimate the experienced stress level, 2) the advantage of taking into account both cognitive and hormonal processes in order to define a reliable stress index, and 3) the importance of the points in time at which stress is measured owing to the potential transient effect once the stressful events have ceased.
A new approach to determine the capture conditions of bark beetles in pheromone-baited traps.
(2014-11-02T00:00:00Z) Ozcan, Gonca Ece; Cicek, Osman; Enez, Korhan; Yildiz, Mustafa
Forests form an organic unity with a great number of organic and inorganic components and tend to maintain the sustainability of their existing balance. However, some factors which adversely affect the balance of nature may interrupt this sustainability. The epidemic which is formed by bark beetles in their spreading region, due to various factors, changes the stability so much that interference is required. One of the most common methods used to monitor these beetles is pheromone-baited traps. The recognition of parameters, such as date (day/month/year), temperature and humidity, when bark beetles are captured in pheromone-baited traps, especially those used for monitoring will help to increase the trap efficiency on land and to develop an effective strategy for combating pests. In this study, an electronic control unit was added to pheromone-baited traps in order to obtain all of the above mentioned parameters. This unit operates with microcontrollers and data related to the parameters is saved in a storage unit. This is triggered by the beetle at the moment it is captured in the trap. A photovoltaic system was used to meet the energy needed for the system functioning and to complete the counting process in due time.
A New Complication Reported for the First Time After Rhinoplasty: Demodicosis.
(2024-06-30) Öner, Fatih; Öner, Ümran
A new design of electronic control unit involving microcontroller to determine important parameters for target species in forest.
(2018-09-21T00:00:00Z) Özcan, Gonca Ece; Çіçek, Osman; Enez, Korhan; Yildiz, Mustafa
Forests, a valuable source provided by nature to living beings, are indispensable for many living organisms; hence, it is important to ensure the sustainability of forests. Determining the factors that exposure threats to the forests, executing protective methods against them and putting these methods into practise are important for the ecological cycle. Bark beetles, which have destructive effects on the ecosystem, are one of the factors that expose a threat to forests. Therefore, monitoring of these species and determination of effective control strategies are increasingly gaining importance in forestry. Conventional pheromone traps, which are being currently used, provide limited information on flight times of target species. Therefore, the technological development of the capture systems of these traps will determine future control trends. Hence, pheromone traps with electronic control unit were prepared in earlier (ѵ) and new designed (ѵ) versions. In ѵ, 97.5% of target species were counted, and instant temperature, humidity and time parameters at the time of capture were recorded at a practiced field work for the system. In addition to the instant parameters recorded in ѵ, an anemometer used for measuring wind speed, which is considered to have influence on the behaviour of target species, was incorporated into the system. In the trials, the counting success rates under daylight and darkness conditions for Ips sexdentatus adults were 98.1 and 97%, whereas the counting success rates for Pityocteines curvidens adults, which are smaller in size, were 96 and 99%, respectively. In conclusion, data obtained by recording the amount of target species along with the capture moment and parameters related to this will be very useful and provide determinative in the management of target species.
A New Maximum Size Record of the Shi Drum (Umbrina cirrosa Linnaeus, 1758) for Aegean Sea.
(2021-05-03) Cengiz, Ö; Paruğ, Ş Ş
The present study has been conducted to find out new findings on maximum length and weight values of Umbrina cirrosa in the Bay of Saros (Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey). On September, 11, 2016, a single specimen of Umbrina cirrosa with 68.8 cm total length and 2600.00 g total weight was caught by handline at a depth of 20 m. The provable size is the second largest length ever reported in the all seas of the world.
A new pollen-derived microcarrier for pantoprazole delivery.
(2017-02-01T00:00:00Z) Akyuz, Lalehan; Sargin, Idris; Kaya, Murat; Ceter, Talip; Akata, Ilgaz
Plant-derived carriers have emerged as promising materials for drug encapsulation. Especially, sporopollenin microcapsules extracted from diverse pollen species have been proved to be effective drug carriers due to their biocompatibility, homogeneity in size, resistance to harsh chemical conditions and high thermal stability. Here in this study, sporopollenin microcapsules were isolated successfully from the pollens of a common tree (Corylus avellana, the European hazelnut) and used as a carrier for pantoprazole (PaNa) (a proton pump inhibitor). The drug entrapment efficiency was recorded as 29.81%. SEM micrographs clearly showed the drug was loaded into the microcapsules through the apertures of microcapsule and also some drugs were adsorbed on the surface of microcapsules. FT-IR spectra analysis confirmed the drug loading. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that thermal stability of PaNa was enhanced by encapsulation. In vitro release studies showed that PaNa-loaded sporopollenin microcapsules exhibited better release performance than the control. C. avellana sporopollenin microcapsules can make an efficient carrier for delivery of PaNa.
A new potential therapeutic remedy against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using tetra, Cotinus coggygria.
(2019-10-01T00:00:00Z) Bilen, Soner; Elbeshti, Housam Taher Abdul Ghani
Different antibiotic-based drugs are being used for the treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, and several studies emphasize the use of medicinal plants as immunostimulants for prophylactic measure against Aeromoniasis disease. However, therapeutic effects of aqueous methanolic extracts of tetra (Cotinus coggygria) against A. hydrophila in rainbow trout were not investigated. Four different concentrations of tetra extract (0 [control], 4, 8 and 12 mg/100 µl) and also two different positive control groups (florfenicol and doxycycline antibiotics) were administered orally using feeding needles to individual rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss of all experimental groups twice a day after intramuscular inoculation of A. hydrophila. The study period was for 10 days. On 0th, 3rd, 7th and 10th day, blood and tissues were collected from the fish and changes in humoral immune responses, haematology and immune-related gene expressions were determined. In the study, superoxide radical production was decreased generally in all experimental groups except in 12 mg tetra and florfenicol treatments compared to control (p < .05). Lysozyme activity was generally decreased (p < .05), or no differences were observed in all experimental groups compared to the control. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased in florfenicol-treated fish group on 7th day (p < .05). Generally, myeloperoxidase activity showed an increase in almost all tetra-treated groups. Haematological parameters increased but were not significantly high enough in treatments. Almost all immune-related gene expressions were significantly enhanced on 3rd and 10th day of the study. Survival rate of 53.33% was found in control group. There were no significant differences in survival between control and 4 mg tetra-treated group (p > .05). All the other groups' survival rate was significantly increased compared to control. The highest survival rate was found in florfenicol group (80%). In 12 mg tetra-, doxycycline- and 8 mg tetra-treated groups, survival rate was recorded as 74.44%, 70% and 70%, respectively. Our results suggest that tetra methanolic extract is an effective therapeutic remedy against A. hydrophila infection in rainbow trout at the dose of 24 mg/32.34 g body weight/day.
A novel approach in the prevention of mastitis: electrical teat dipping.
(2022-11-01T00:00:00Z) Risvanli, Ali; Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Saat, Nevzat; Tanyeri, Burak
Teat dipping is widely used in dairy cattle, especially to protect against contagious mastitis. Here we determine the effect of the device called 'Electrical Teat Dipping' (ETD), which was developed by combining teat dipping application and electrical field stimulation technique on teats. For this purpose, the front teats of 100 Holstein breed milking cows were evaluated in two groups, with ETD being applied once to the left front teat of these cows, and conventional teat dipping (CTD) being applied once to the right front teat, both after milking. Ultrasonographic measurements of the teats were made before milking and after teat dipping. We found that the width of the teat canal (1.88 ± 0.07 mm) in the teat using ETD was narrower after the application compared to those with CTD (2.28 ± 0.05 mm). Based on our findings, we conclude that the effects of ETD on the teat are very positive and can potentially be used as a new approach in the preventative control of mastitis in cows.
A novel herbal immunostimulant for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against Yersinia ruckeri.
(2021-03-01T00:00:00Z) Terzi, Ertugrul; Kucukkosker, Bunyamin; Bilen, Soner; Kenanoglu, Osman Nezih; Corum, Orhan; Özbek, Mehmet; Parug, Sukru Senol
In this 21-day study, we examined the effects of the aqueous methanolic extract of thin-skinned plum (Prunus domestica) on growth, immune response and resistance to a pathogenic bacterium, Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were fed with diets containing thin-skinned plum extract doses as 0 (Control) 0.1 (PD01), 0.5 (PD05) and 1% (PD1) ad libitum twice in a day. At the end of the study, growth was affected positively but not significantly. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was decreased in the PD01 group (P < 0.05). There were elevated respiratory burst and potential bacterial killing activities on the 7th day in the PD1 fish group. No differences were observed in lysozyme activity (P > 0.05). An increased myeloperoxidase activity was recorded on the 14th day of study. Expression of interleukin and COX-2 genes was elevated on the 7th day of study in the kidney and intestine of treated fish. Histological results indicated no marked changes in organs (gill, kidney, liver and spleen) of PD treated fish groups. Challenge results of fish in all plum extract-treated groups showed an increased survival rate against Y. ruckeri (P < 0.05). This study indicated that the thin-skinned plum aqueous methanolic extract could improve innate immunity, survival against Y. ruckeri and decrease the FCR level.
A practical method for in-situ thickness determination using energy distribution of beta particles.
(2012-01-01T00:00:00Z) Yalcin, S; Gurler, O; Gundogdu, O; Bradley, D A
This paper discusses a method to determine the thickness of an absorber using the energy distribution of beta particles. An empirical relationship was obtained between the absorber thickness and the energy distribution of beta particles transmitted through. The thickness of a polyethylene radioactive source cover was determined by exploiting this relationship, which has largely been left unexploited allowing us to determine the in-situ cover thickness of beta sources in a fast, cheap and non-destructive way.
A Rare Case of Pityriasis Rosea-like Lichenoid Drug Eruption Due to Imatinib Treatment.
(2022-05-05) Işık, İrem G; Çakmak, Seray K; Özhamam, Esra
A Study of a New Technique of the CT Scan View and Disease Classification Protocol Based on Level Challenges in Cases of Coronavirus Disease.
(2021-03-19) Salem Salamh, Ahmed B; Salamah, Abdulrauf A; Akyüz, Halil Ibrahim
The chest Computer Tomography (CT scan) is used in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is an important complement to the Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test. The paper aims to improve the radiological diagnosis in the case of coronavirus disease COVID-19 pneumonia on forms of noninvasive approaches with conventional and high-resolution computer tomography (HRCT) scan images upon chest CT images of patients confirmed with mild to severe findings. The preliminary study is to compare the radiological findings of COVID-19 pneumonia in conventional chest CT images with images processed by a new tool and reviewed by expert radiologists. The researchers used a new filter called Golden Key Tool (GK-Tool) which has confirmed the improvement in the quality and diagnostic efficacy of images acquired using our modified images. Further, Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) architecture called VGG face was used to classify chest CT images. The classification has been performed by using VGG face on various datasets which are considered as a protocol to diagnose COVID-19, Non-COVID-19 (other lung diseases), and normal cases (no findings on chest CT). Accordingly, the performance evaluation of the GK-Tool was fairly good as shown in the first set of results, where 80-95% of participants show a good to excellent assessment of the new images view in the case of COVID-19 patients. The results, in general, illustrate good recognition rates in the diagnosis and, therefore, would be significantly higher in normal cases with COVID-19. These results could reduce the radiologist's workload burden and play a major role in the decision-making process.
A Study of Short- and Long-term mRNA Levels of the , and Genes in Obese Mice Induced with High-fat Diet.
(2018-07-08) Timirci-Kahraman, Ozlem; Yilmaz, Umit; Yilmaz, Nesibe; Cevik, Aydin; Horozoglu, Cem; Celik, Faruk; Gokce, Muhammed Oguz; Ergen, Arzu; Melekoglu, Abdullah; Zeybek, Umit
Adipocyte gene expression is altered in obese individuals through multiple metabolic and biochemical pathways. In this study, we aimed to examine the expression of resistin (Retn), amylin (Iapp), and dopamine receptor domain 5 (Drd5) genes previously suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity, albeit controversially. We also aimed to determine the effects on short and long-term mRNA levels of these genes in obese mice, induced with high-fat diet (HFD).

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