Browsing by Author "Isinkaralar, O."

Now showing 1 - 20 of 34

A Climate-Sensitive Approach for Determining the Urban Growth Boundaries: Towards a Spatial Exploration for Bursa, Türkiye
(2023.01.01) Isinkaralar, O.
Population growth is inevitable in urban areas responsible for climate crises worldwide, and urban development is affected by processes fed by many dynamics. Predicting and planning the growth limits of the city effectively is a critical issue for achieving sustainable urban growth and managing climate risks. The study used the cellular automata-Markov chain method to define development areas regarding natural structure and land use/land cover. It aimed to present a method that can be applied to different urban areas by focusing on effective urban growth management with a climate-sensitive approach. It offered a climate-sensitive approach to determining growth limits according to scenarios. The boundaries of 2030 have been determined for the city of Bursa, which exhibited an increased average summer value of the land surface temperature from 24 degrees C to 45 degrees C between 2012 and 2021, stands out with its natural riches, and shows a rapid urban growth trend. The proposed method modeled the limits of urban growth with a climate-sensitive approach, and the model's suitability was demonstrated by Kappa statistics (Klocation = 0.8884). The determined urban boundary will reduce the rate of the urban built-up area from 86% to 70% by 2030. While the climate crisis threatens all life, urban activities, urban growth, and sprawl continue to increase rapidly. However, the growth of urban areas within certain limits is a critical need for engineering and urban planning. For decision makers, spatially determining the limits of human intervention in nature is an important guideline. Extreme weather events and disasters such as floods, tsunamis, and changes in water levels brought about by climate change can potentially cause chaotic crises. Loss of life and economic crises may occur in possible processes. Therefore, measures must be taken on behalf of humanity and life to adapt to climate effects and keep the level of impact under control. Spatial models based on a wide range of temporal contexts have a structure that broadens our perspective. The study provides an approach that can be implemented in various fields with models produced based on scenarios.
A Comparative Study About Physical Properties of Copper Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Fagus orientalis L. as Bioindicator
(Springer Nature, 2024) Isinkaralar, K.; Isinkaralar, O.; Özel, H.B.; Şevik, H.
Nanoparticles (NPs) have recently begun to be used extensively in many areas of our lives. It is stated that the resulting NPs pollution will affect even the most remote ecosystems on the Earth. Therefore, determining the effects of NPs on diverse ecosystems is a research topic of interest. From this perspective, current researches on NPs affecting forest ecosystems and forest trees are very scarce. The aim of this investigation was to reveal the inhibitory and toxic properties of CuO and ZnO-NPs on oriental beech seed germination parameters and identify the toxic threshold values of CuO and ZnO-NPs. Therefore, the oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) seeds obtained from ten populations (P1 to P10) were treated with CuO and ZnO-NPs as single compounds at concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/L and germination rate (GR), germination percentage (GP), root collar diameter (RCD), plumula length (PL), radicle thickness (RT) and radicle diameter (RD) were determined for 35 days. The water containing CuO-ZnO NPs as a single compound at 1000 mg/L negatively affected all growth in general. The significant decrease in our study occurred at P9. The CuO-ZnO NPs were reduced in GP, RCD, PL, RT, and RD as 3.5–4.2%; 11.2–0.1%; 9.1–36.4%; 23.07–38.46%; and 39.29–17.86%, while GR enhanced as 21.46–20.09%. It was found that water with a low concentration of NP (200 mg/L) is suitable for irrigation of seeds grown in soil media and does not have a significant toxic effect on the growth and uptake of metal ions. The findings and limitations of the present research allow us to assess the feasibility of reusing NP-contaminated water in agriculture. Nevertheless, further research is needed to understand the toxic effects of NP mixtures on growth and absorption mechanisms.
A Comparative Study About Physical Properties of Copper Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Fagus orientalis L. as Bioindicator
(2024.01.01) Isinkaralar, K.; Isinkaralar, O.; Ozel, H.B.; Sevik, H.
Nanoparticles (NPs) have recently begun to be used extensively in many areas of our lives. It is stated that the resulting NPs pollution will affect even the most remote ecosystems on the Earth. Therefore, determining the effects of NPs on diverse ecosystems is a research topic of interest. From this perspective, current researches on NPs affecting forest ecosystems and forest trees are very scarce. The aim of this investigation was to reveal the inhibitory and toxic properties of CuO and ZnO-NPs on oriental beech seed germination parameters and identify the toxic threshold values of CuO and ZnO-NPs. Therefore, the oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) seeds obtained from ten populations (P1 to P10) were treated with CuO and ZnO-NPs as single compounds at concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/L and germination rate (GR), germination percentage (GP), root collar diameter (RCD), plumula length (PL), radicle thickness (RT) and radicle diameter (RD) were determined for 35 days. The water containing CuO-ZnO NPs as a single compound at 1000 mg/L negatively affected all growth in general. The significant decrease in our study occurred at P9. The CuO-ZnO NPs were reduced in GP, RCD, PL, RT, and RD as 3.5-4.2%; 11.2-0.1%; 9.1-36.4%; 23.07-38.46%; and 39.29-17.86%, while GR enhanced as 21.46-20.09%. It was found that water with a low concentration of NP (200 mg/L) is suitable for irrigation of seeds grown in soil media and does not have a significant toxic effect on the growth and uptake of metal ions. The findings and limitations of the present research allow us to assess the feasibility of reusing NP-contaminated water in agriculture. Nevertheless, further research is needed to understand the toxic effects of NP mixtures on growth and absorption mechanisms.
Accumulation analysis and overall measurement to represent airborne toxic metals with passive tree bark biomonitoring technique in urban areas
(2024.01.01) Isinkaralar, K.; Isinkaralar, O.; Koc, I.; Cobanoglu, H.; Canturk, U
Authorities have long proved the utility of bioindicators in monitoring the state of environmental pollution. Some biological indicators can measure environmental pollutant levels, and many tree species have been tested for suitability for monitoring purposes. The differences in morphological characteristics in the trees have demonstrated the effects of human activities on different materials. Measuring bark and wood biomass from contaminated sites was identified and directly compared with those from a clean site or areas characterized by distinct contamination sources. However, preliminary results demonstrate the approach's potential in the realization of strategies for disease control and promoting health to reduce environmental and health inequalities in at-risk urban areas. Picea orientalis L. and Cedrus atlantica Endl., especially their bark, can be regarded as a more robust storage of Cu (37.95 mg/kg) and Mn (188.25 mg/kg) than Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii, which and is therefore a better bioindicator for Cu and Mn pollution. Considering the total concentrations as a result of the study, the pollution is thought to be caused by environmental problems and traffic in the region. The deposition of Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn elements was found P. menziesii (60, 443, 58, and 258 mg/kg) and P. orientalis (76, 1684, 41, and 378 mg/kg) and seems to reflect atmospheric quite clearly compared to P. pinaster, C. arizonica, and C. atlantica. Ni and Zn concentrations have significantly increased since 1983, and P. menziesii and P. orientalis can be potentially valuable bioindicators for emphasizing polluted fields.
Accumulation analysis and overall measurement to represent airborne toxic metals with passive tree bark biomonitoring technique in urban areas
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Isinkaralar, K.; Isinkaralar, O.; Koc, I.; Cobanoglu, H.; Canturk, U.
Authorities have long proved the utility of bioindicators in monitoring the state of environmental pollution. Some biological indicators can measure environmental pollutant levels, and many tree species have been tested for suitability for monitoring purposes. The differences in morphological characteristics in the trees have demonstrated the effects of human activities on different materials. Measuring bark and wood biomass from contaminated sites was identified and directly compared with those from a clean site or areas characterized by distinct contamination sources. However, preliminary results demonstrate the approach’s potential in the realization of strategies for disease control and promoting health to reduce environmental and health inequalities in at-risk urban areas. Picea orientalis L. and Cedrus atlantica Endl., especially their bark, can be regarded as a more robust storage of Cu (37.95 mg/kg) and Mn (188.25 mg/kg) than Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii, which and is therefore a better bioindicator for Cu and Mn pollution. Considering the total concentrations as a result of the study, the pollution is thought to be caused by environmental problems and traffic in the region. The deposition of Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn elements was found P. menziesii (60, 443, 58, and 258 mg/kg) and P. orientalis (76, 1684, 41, and 378 mg/kg) and seems to reflect atmospheric quite clearly compared to P. pinaster, C. arizonica, and C. atlantica. Ni and Zn concentrations have significantly increased since 1983, and P. menziesii and P. orientalis can be potentially valuable bioindicators for emphasizing polluted fields.
Assessing spatial thermal comfort and adaptation measures for the Antalya basin under climate change scenarios
(2024.01.01) Isinkaralar, O.; Sharifi, A.; Isinkaralar, K.
The concrete damages of climate change are intensifying, and adaptation efforts of actors around the world are increasing, especially in coastal regions. Recommending adaptation measures for specific regions and sectors and determining long-term strategies for mitigating global climate change is essential for reducing vulnerability to climate change. This research aims to estimate the changes in climatic parameters and thermal comfort zones to determine concrete targets and offer suggestions for sectors affected by possible changes. The changes that will occur until 2100 in the Antalya basin, which is located in the southernmost part of T & uuml;rkiye and is a significant hub for agricultural production and tourism, were monitored spatially using Discomfort Index (DI) and Effective Temperature taking wind velocity (ETv). The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP): SSP 245 and SSP 585 predict that the quite cool areas prevailing in the area, according to ETv, will shrink by 24% and 46%, respectively, and the prevailing cold areas, according to DI, will shrink by 45% and 56%, respectively. By 2100, 5% of the area, according to SSP 245, and 25%, according to SSP 585, will turn into hot areas and move away from the comfort level. The fact that critical regions are areas with high vitality in terms of coastal tourism shows the need to prioritize adaptation policies. These discoveries are discussed in the context of critical issues such as water scarcity and food security, contributing to policy-making for effective management by suggesting specific adaptation measures.
Assessing spatial thermal comfort and adaptation measures for the Antalya basin under climate change scenarios
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Isinkaralar, O.; Sharifi, A.; Isinkaralar, K.
The concrete damages of climate change are intensifying, and adaptation efforts of actors around the world are increasing, especially in coastal regions. Recommending adaptation measures for specific regions and sectors and determining long-term strategies for mitigating global climate change is essential for reducing vulnerability to climate change. This research aims to estimate the changes in climatic parameters and thermal comfort zones to determine concrete targets and offer suggestions for sectors affected by possible changes. The changes that will occur until 2100 in the Antalya basin, which is located in the southernmost part of Türkiye and is a significant hub for agricultural production and tourism, were monitored spatially using Discomfort Index (DI) and Effective Temperature taking wind velocity (ETv). The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP): SSP 245 and SSP 585 predict that the quite cool areas prevailing in the area, according to ETv, will shrink by 24% and 46%, respectively, and the prevailing cold areas, according to DI, will shrink by 45% and 56%, respectively. By 2100, 5% of the area, according to SSP 245, and 25%, according to SSP 585, will turn into hot areas and move away from the comfort level. The fact that critical regions are areas with high vitality in terms of coastal tourism shows the need to prioritize adaptation policies. These discoveries are discussed in the context of critical issues such as water scarcity and food security, contributing to policy-making for effective management by suggesting specific adaptation measures.
Assessment of Societal Health Risks: Spatial Distribution and Potential Hazards of Toxic Metals in Street Dust Across Diverse Communities
(Springer Nature, 2024) Isinkaralar, O.; Isinkaralar, K.; Ambade, B.
On a global scale, the urban design of city centers is a topic of discussion concerning various aspects such development and its impact on public health. This research examines the health effects of urban agglomeration in city centers with compact, close development. In this work, the potentially toxic metals in street dust were studied by collecting and measuring street dust samples, measuring trace metal concentrations, and using index assessment, spatial analysis, correlation analysis, and health risk assessment models. Eskişehir, located in the part of Central Anatolia close to the Aegean region, west Türkiye, has been widely recognized as one of the most popular, known for having many narrow and old buildings in urban environments. The present paper investigates the atmospheric dust-related chemical speciation, urban environmental pollution, and human health risks in Eskişehir City by studying 66 dust samples collected at 11 points in the selected streets in August 2023. the study found that the concentrations of trace elements followed the order Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd > Cu. The primary source of these high levels is believed to be traffic-related contamination involving Cd, Pb, and Ni. The assessment of non-carcinogenic health risks has shown that the significant sources of potential toxic metals exposure for both children and adults are i) through ingestion and ii) dermal contact. The Hazard index (HI) for selected metals decreased in the order Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cu for both children and adults without imposing possible non-carcinogenic risk (HI<1). On the contrary, Cr posed cancer risks above the safety threshold (> 10-4) through ingestion. Based on the available findings, Eskişehir still suffers from considerable environmental and ecological degradation and severe health risks due to street dust contamination. However, while high pollution was detected in the city center, where there is commercial land use, low values were observed in the region, rich with the water surface, bicycle paths, landscape design, and where traffic is slowed down
Assessment of Societal Health Risks: Spatial Distribution and Potential Hazards of Toxic Metals in Street Dust Across Diverse Communities
(2024.01.01) Isinkaralar, O.; Isinkaralar, K.; Ambade, B.
On a global scale, the urban design of city centers is a topic of discussion concerning various aspects such development and its impact on public health. This research examines the health effects of urban agglomeration in city centers with compact, close development. In this work, the potentially toxic metals in street dust were studied by collecting and measuring street dust samples, measuring trace metal concentrations, and using index assessment, spatial analysis, correlation analysis, and health risk assessment models. Eski & scedil;ehir, located in the part of Central Anatolia close to the Aegean region, west T & uuml;rkiye, has been widely recognized as one of the most popular, known for having many narrow and old buildings in urban environments. The present paper investigates the atmospheric dust-related chemical speciation, urban environmental pollution, and human health risks in Eski & scedil;ehir City by studying 66 dust samples collected at 11 points in the selected streets in August 2023. the study found that the concentrations of trace elements followed the order Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd > Cu. The primary source of these high levels is believed to be traffic-related contamination involving Cd, Pb, and Ni. The assessment of non-carcinogenic health risks has shown that the significant sources of potential toxic metals exposure for both children and adults are i) through ingestion and ii) dermal contact. The Hazard index (HI) for selected metals decreased in the order Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd > Cu for both children and adults without imposing possible non-carcinogenic risk (HI<1). On the contrary, Cr posed cancer risks above the safety threshold (> 10-4) through ingestion. Based on the available findings, Eski & scedil;ehir still suffers from considerable environmental and ecological degradation and severe health risks due to street dust contamination. However, while high pollution was detected in the city center, where there is commercial land use, low values were observed in the region, rich with the water surface, bicycle paths, landscape design, and where traffic is slowed down.
Bio-climatic Comfort and Climate Change Nexus: A Case Study in Burdur Basin
(2023.01.01) Isinkaralar, O.; Isinkaralar, K.; Sevik, H.; Küçük, Ö.
Aim of study: Climate change triggers many problems, such as loss of biodiversity on land and sea, destruction of forest areas, poverty, inequality, and economic development. One of the most vital indicators of quality of life and sustainable development is temperature, humidity, and wind conditions, which are in the range of bio-climatic comfort values. The changes in these parameters due to global warming threaten vitality and affect the use of space and quality of life in cities. The study aimed to model the evolution of bioclimatic comfort zones with the effect of climate change in the research area.Area of study: The research was carried out in the Burdur Basin of Turkiye, which is an area that includes the underground and surface water bodies and the lakes region within its borders.Material and Methods: Models were produced at 20-year intervals until 2100. The spatio-temporal variations are generated according to the IPCC's SSPs 245 and SSPs 585 scenarios. The discomfort index (DI) and Effective warming wind speed (ETv) were used to determine bioclimatic comfort.Main Results: According to the DI, 87.4% of the area will be in the cold zone today, while in 2100, 50.5%, according to the SSP245, and 98.3%, according to the SSP 585 will be in the comfort zone. According to ETv, 92.7% of the area is quite cool today; by 2100, 90% of the site will be classified as slightly cool according to SSP 245, and 89.3%, according to SSP 585 will turn into mild areas. Research highlights: The results of the research reflect the spatial impact of climate change and are significant in terms of holistic risk management at the basin scale
Biomonitoring with the Use of the Herbal Plant Taraxacum officinale as a Source of Information on Environmental Contamination
(2024) Respondek, Z.; Isinkaralar, O.; Świsłowski, P.; Isinkaralar, K.; Rajfur, M.
The aim of this study was to assess the level of contamination of the common dandelion--with selected metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) and to demonstrate that this plant can be used in passive biomonitoring of industrial sites. Two sample transects (the first was near a forest, an area potentially uncontaminated by analytes [A], while the second ran near a steel mill, a contaminated area [B]), each about 1.5 km long, located in Ozimek, Opole Province, Poland, were used in this study. Metals in plant and soil samples were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Based on the analysis of the obtained results to determine the concentration of metals, plants at site A were more contaminated with Mn (240 mg/kg d.m.) and those at site B with Fe (635 mg/kg d.m.). Mean Pb values (8.39 mg/kg d.m.) were higher at the industrial site (B) and statistically significant at the forest site (A), together with Mn and Fe at the < 0.001 level. The values for showed that Cu (0.473) and Zn (0.785) accumulated to an average degree on both transects. This shows that dandelion is heavily loaded with these metals. Both dandelion and soil samples showed the highest concentrations of Mn, Fe, and Zn, especially in the polluted area B, which is the result of pollution not only from the smelter (dust from electric arc furnaces in steel smelting, extraction installations in production halls transmitting pollutants into the air from molding sand, or waste from molding and core masses dumped on the heap and blown by the wind from the landfill) but also from the high anthropopressure caused by human activity-for example, heating processes or road transport. Our results confirmed that can be successfully used as a herbal plant in passive biomonitoring to assess the quality of the environment, but it must be collected from uncontaminated areas if we want to use it like a medicinal plant.
Biomonitoring with the Use of the Herbal Plant Taraxacum officinale as a Source of Information on Environmental Contamination
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Respondek, Z.; Isinkaralar, O.; Świsłowski, P.; Isinkaralar, K.; Rajfur, M.
The aim of this study was to assess the level of contamination of the common dandelion—Taraxacum officinale—with selected metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) and to demonstrate that this plant can be used in passive biomonitoring of industrial sites. Two sample transects (the first was near a forest, an area potentially uncontaminated by analytes [A], while the second ran near a steel mill, a contaminated area [B]), each about 1.5 km long, located in Ozimek, Opole Province, Poland, were used in this study. Metals in plant and soil samples were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Based on the analysis of the obtained results to determine the concentration of metals, plants at site A were more contaminated with Mn (240 mg/kg d.m.) and those at site B with Fe (635 mg/kg d.m.). Mean Pb values (8.39 mg/kg d.m.) were higher at the industrial site (B) and statistically significant at the forest site (A), together with Mn and Fe at the p < 0.001 level. The BCF values for T. officinale showed that Cu (0.473) and Zn (0.785) accumulated to an average degree on both transects. This shows that dandelion is heavily loaded with these metals. Both dandelion and soil samples showed the highest concentrations of Mn, Fe, and Zn, especially in the polluted area B, which is the result of pollution not only from the smelter (dust from electric arc furnaces in steel smelting, extraction installations in production halls transmitting pollutants into the air from molding sand, or waste from molding and core masses dumped on the heap and blown by the wind from the landfill) but also from the high anthropopressure caused by human activity—for example, heating processes or road transport. Our results confirmed that Taraxacum officinale can be successfully used as a herbal plant in passive biomonitoring to assess the quality of the environment, but it must be collected from uncontaminated areas if we want to use it like a medicinal plant.
Biomonitoring with the Use of the Herbal Plant Taraxacum officinale as a Source of Information on Environmental Contamination
(2024.01.01) Respondek, Z.; Isinkaralar, O.; Swislowski, P.; Isinkaralar, K.; Rajfur, M.
The aim of this study was to assess the level of contamination of the common dandelion-Taraxacum officinale-with selected metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) and to demonstrate that this plant can be used in passive biomonitoring of industrial sites. Two sample transects (the first was near a forest, an area potentially uncontaminated by analytes [A], while the second ran near a steel mill, a contaminated area [B]), each about 1.5 km long, located in Ozimek, Opole Province, Poland, were used in this study. Metals in plant and soil samples were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Based on the analysis of the obtained results to determine the concentration of metals, plants at site A were more contaminated with Mn (240 mg/kg d.m.) and those at site B with Fe (635 mg/kg d.m.). Mean Pb values (8.39 mg/kg d.m.) were higher at the industrial site (B) and statistically significant at the forest site (A), together with Mn and Fe at the p < 0.001 level. The BCF values for T. officinale showed that Cu (0.473) and Zn (0.785) accumulated to an average degree on both transects. This shows that dandelion is heavily loaded with these metals. Both dandelion and soil samples showed the highest concentrations of Mn, Fe, and Zn, especially in the polluted area B, which is the result of pollution not only from the smelter (dust from electric arc furnaces in steel smelting, extraction installations in production halls transmitting pollutants into the air from molding sand, or waste from molding and core masses dumped on the heap and blown by the wind from the landfill) but also from the high anthropopressure caused by human activity-for example, heating processes or road transport. Our results confirmed that Taraxacum officinale can be successfully used as a herbal plant in passive biomonitoring to assess the quality of the environment, but it must be collected from uncontaminated areas if we want to use it like a medicinal plant.
Discovery of spatial climate parameters and bioclimatic comfort change simulation in Türkiye under socioeconomic pathway scenarios: A basin-scale case study for urban environments
(2023.01.01) Isinkaralar, O.
Heat waves and extreme weather events caused by climate change increase people's need for predictable, healthy, and appropriate thermal thresholds in urban areas. The Mediterranean region, where alarming effects are expected, poses a danger to many species and threatens the quality of human life. In the research, predictions were made according to SSP 245 and SSP 585 scenarios from CNRM-CM6-1 climate models using the data of meteorological stations for 2020 in the Eastern Mediterranean region via CMIP6 and WorldClim database. The study aims to predict the change in the bioclimatic comfort situation of the region at 20-year intervals until 2100, depending on the periods. The highest annual temperatures seen in the area are 18-20 degrees C. In the 2100 estimations, areas with a value of 22-24 degrees C according to SSP 245 and 24-26 degrees C according to SSP 585 are modeled spatially. While the largest area in the basin today is the area with a humidity range of 62-64%, according to SSP 245, in 2100 predictions, the largest area will be 23% with a humidity level of 56-58%. While the wind speed in the area is currently 0.5-1 m/s, it decreases to 0-0.5 m/s in 36% of the area, according to SSP 585. According to the ETv index, quite cool areas are effective on a 36% area surface. However, in the 2100, compared to the SSP 245, the most comprehensive range is the slightly cool areas with 40%. According to SSP 585, mild areas will have a share of 42%. Warm areas, the most critical class of the index, will begin to form. According to DI, the field has a 58% share in the cold class. According to SSP 585, hot areas have a rate of 26%, and comfortable areas have a rate of 52%. Findings of thermal disturbance variation can help develop solutions to conditions in the context of the climatic values of the region.
Discovery of spatial climate parameters and bioclimatic comfort change simulation in Türkiye under socioeconomic pathway scenarios: A basin-scale case study for urban environments
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Isinkaralar, O.
Heat waves and extreme weather events caused by climate change increase people’s need for predictable, healthy, and appropriate thermal thresholds in urban areas. The Mediterranean region, where alarming effects are expected, poses a danger to many species and threatens the quality of human life. In the research, predictions were made according to SSP 245 and SSP 585 scenarios from CNRM-CM6-1 climate models using the data of meteorological stations for 2020 in the Eastern Mediterranean region via CMIP6 and WorldClim database. The study aims to predict the change in the bioclimatic comfort situation of the region at 20-year intervals until 2100, depending on the periods. The highest annual temperatures seen in the area are 18–20 °C. In the 2100 estimations, areas with a value of 22–24 °C according to SSP 245 and 24–26 °C according to SSP 585 are modeled spatially. While the largest area in the basin today is the area with a humidity range of 62–64%, according to SSP 245, in 2100 predictions, the largest area will be 23% with a humidity level of 56–58%. While the wind speed in the area is currently 0.5–1 m/s, it decreases to 0–0.5 m/s in 36% of the area, according to SSP 585. According to the ETv index, quite cool areas are effective on a 36% area surface. However, in the 2100, compared to the SSP 245, the most comprehensive range is the slightly cool areas with 40%. According to SSP 585, mild areas will have a share of 42%. Warm areas, the most critical class of the index, will begin to form. According to DI, the field has a 58% share in the cold class. According to SSP 585, hot areas have a rate of 26%, and comfortable areas have a rate of 52%. Findings of thermal disturbance variation can help develop solutions to conditions in the context of the climatic values of the region.
Ecological and Health Risk Assessment in Road Dust Samples from Various Land Use of Düzce City Center: Towards the Sustainable Urban Development
(2024.01.01) Isinkaralar, K.; Isinkaralar, O.; Bayraktar, E.P.
Urban environmental risks are related to dynamic and long-term cross-processes arising from complex interconnected relationships. Although they have various sources, trace metals' ability to accumulate is relatively high compared to other pollutants. Therefore, for this reason, heavy metals can be found in high amounts in cities, especially in road dust. The targets of the present study are to appoint the levels and sources of trace metals in road dust samples collected from eleven areas in the D & uuml;zce city center. Because of their potential health risks, the five heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb) are the most commonly studied pollutants. The inhalation of them through the mouth and nose is almost negligible; however, ingestion is a higher potential health risk for children. The hazard index (HI) and geoaccumulation index (I-geo) are powerful tools used to assess the level of risk. Factors governing possible contamination mean values were evaluated in the following order: Pb (56.07 mg/kg) > Cu (43.45 mg/kg) > Ni (30.05 mg/kg) > Cr (26.58 mg/kg) > Cd (4.33 mg/kg). The noncarcinogenic risks of Pb poses are relatively higher than those posed by the other four metals for both children and adults. However, HI values of Cd, Pb, and Ni in children were 1.25-1.61, 2.93-3.74, and 1.00-1.14; Cd is 1.05-2.56. The HI values for children are relatively higher than for adults. This paper provides the most significant contribution to road dust is atmospheric deposition by industrial activities and traffic density. Regarding Pb, while I-geo is 0.66 in park areas and 0.61 in forest areas, it reaches 0.96 on highways. While Ni is calculated for I-geo as 0.52 in forest area, it gets 0.97 in industrial factory surroundings. The findings reveal the multidimensional results of land use policies regarding sustainable urban development. The stochastic model obtained is vital, especially in disadvantaged groups.
Ecological and Health Risk Assessment in Road Dust Samples from Various Land Use of Düzce City Center: Towards the Sustainable Urban Development
(Institute for Ionics, 2024) Isinkaralar, K.; Isinkaralar, O.; Bayraktar, E.P.
Urban environmental risks are related to dynamic and long-term cross-processes arising from complex interconnected relationships. Although they have various sources, trace metals’ ability to accumulate is relatively high compared to other pollutants. Therefore, for this reason, heavy metals can be found in high amounts in cities, especially in road dust. The targets of the present study are to appoint the levels and sources of trace metals in road dust samples collected from eleven areas in the Düzce city center. Because of their potential health risks, the five heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb) are the most commonly studied pollutants. The inhalation of them through the mouth and nose is almost negligible; however, ingestion is a higher potential health risk for children. The hazard index (HI) and geoaccumulation index (I geo) are powerful tools used to assess the level of risk. Factors governing possible contamination mean values were evaluated in the following order: Pb (56.07 mg/kg) > Cu (43.45 mg/kg) > Ni (30.05 mg/kg) > Cr (26.58 mg/kg) > Cd (4.33 mg/kg). The noncarcinogenic risks of Pb poses are relatively higher than those posed by the other four metals for both children and adults. However, HI values of Cd, Pb, and Ni in children were 1.25–1.61, 2.93–3.74, and 1.00–1.14; Cd is 1.05–2.56. The HI values for children are relatively higher than for adults. This paper provides the most significant contribution to road dust is atmospheric deposition by industrial activities and traffic density. Regarding Pb, while I geo is 0.66 in park areas and 0.61 in forest areas, it reaches 0.96 on highways. While Ni is calculated for I geo as 0.52 in forest area, it gets 0.97 in industrial factory surroundings. The findings reveal the multidimensional results of land use policies regarding sustainable urban development. The stochastic model obtained is vital, especially in disadvantaged groups.
Hydrological low flow and overlapped trend analysis for drought assessment in Western Black Sea Basin
(2024.01.01) Aydin, H.; Yenigun, K.; Isinkaralar, O.; Isinkaralar, K.
Drought is a major disaster known for hundreds of years, but its impact has recently increased due to climate crisis, making it a common concern of the whole society worldwide. There is no clear definition of drought, as many disciplines evaluate it from different perspectives. Utilizing water and reducing the impact of drought are directly related issues. It is essential to determine our rivers' future conditions, reveal the effects of possible changes on drought, and take the necessary precautions against them in advance to prevent possible economic and social crises. In this study, among the 126 flow observation stations whose records were kept in the Western Black Sea Region, 26 observation stations with suitable data between 1984 and 2020 were selected to evaluate the drought effect. The Mann-Kendall Rank Correlation test was used to determine the starting years of the detected trends. In order to detect trends, the Spearman's Rho (SR) test, the Mann-Kendall (MK) test, Sen's Trend Slope (TS) method, & Scedil;en's Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) test, and, Mann-Kendall Order Correlation (MKOC) test. According to all analysis methods, decreasing trends were detected at stations D13A014, D1A032, and E13A036. In addition, MKOC test results showed the trend starting in 2001 was at D13A014, 1990 at D13A032, and 1990 at E13A036. However, no significant trend was detected in minimum flows at other stations. It would be appropriate to make such studies on the evaluation of water resources a country policy and to conduct studies on the direction and value of drought in the basin in the future using trend analysis or other methods.
Modeling flood hazard impacts using GIS-based HEC-RAS technique towards climate risk in Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
(2024.01.01) Guven, D.S.; Yenigun, K.; Isinkaralar, O.; Isinkaralar, K.
Climate change triggering extreme weather events and the fact that settlements are at risk have made flood disaster analysis a more critical issue. The economic, social, and environmental risk areas of Karakoyun, S & imath;rr & imath;n, and Cavsak streams located in & Scedil;anl & imath;urfa city center were determined using flood risk analysis. Thus, it aims to determine low, medium, high, and very high probability flood areas in the area, to collect the necessary data for establishing early warning systems and precaution packages, and to create an infrastructure for similar studies. While performing the risk analysis, we used Q5, Q10, Q25, Q50, Q100, Q500, and Q1000 flood recurrence flows of the mentioned streams. Many criteria were considered, including stream routes, natural water retention capacities, land topography, and general hydrological and geological features. In the light of the data provided, digital elevation models of the streams were created in the ArcGIS 10.3 program, all information was transferred to the hydraulic modeling HEC-RAS 5.07 software, and risky areas were determined by performing a 1D flood analysis. At Q2 flow rate, Karakoyun has 7.09, Cavsak 2.67, S & imath;rr & imath;n 6.603 m3 s- 1, and at Q1000 flow rate, Karakoyun has 167.550, Cavsak 90.77, S & imath;rr & imath;n 151.298 m3 s- 1 hydrograph peak values. As a result of the analysis, it was appointed that there was a flood risk in many parts of the stream sections. The flooding phenomenon has happened to be one of the most devastating floods for economic and environmental damages that occurred in & Scedil;anl & imath;urfa City in 2023. People lost their lives, and many were injured during flooding; also, the urban economy affected nearly $15 million in the region. The risk of residences, shopping malls, and commercial areas in the city is revealed spatially.
Monitoring the spatial distribution pattern according to urban land use and health risk assessment on potential toxic metal contamination via street dust in Ankara, Turkiye
(2023.01.01) Isinkaralar, O.; Isinkaralar, K.; Bayraktar, E.P.
The urbanization processes with growing vehicle numbers cause heavy metal pollution in street dust, and high populations in metropolitan cities are exposed to pollutants. This paper aims to monitor the spatial distribution of heavy metals and evaluate the concentrations via health risk assessment of HMs (Cu, Ni, Cd, Co, Pb, and Zn) that expose the inhabitants to health hazards. According to the results of the current study, sixty street dust samples were applied to the acid digestion technique and quantification by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The spatial distribution of the selected heavy metals in the street dust was investigated using the spatial analysis tool in ArcGIS 10.0 according to population density and land use. In the present study, we used hazard index and cancer risk methods to estimate the public health risk of the pollutants exposed to street dust in Ankara. The concentrations range of the elements in street dust over the study area ranged from 3.34-4.50, 31.69-42.87, 16.09-21.54, 42.85-57.55, 0.00-3.51, and 23.03-30.79, respectively. The overall decreasing order of mean concentration of metals was observed as follows: Pb > Cu > Ni > Co > Cd > Zn. Vehicle traffic and industrial activities seem to be the most critical anthropogenic sources responsible for dust pollution in the study area. The risk assessment of Pb and Ni exposure was the highest, and the hazard index values were 2.42E + 00 and 2.28E + 00 mg/kg/day for children. However, the effect on adults was 2.62E-01 and 2.37E-02 mg/kg/day, followed by inhalation and dermal contact with street dust was almost negligible. The decreasing concentration is modeled spatially along the western development corridor of the city. The risk to public health is high in areas with high densities close to the city center and the main artery.