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Harmonising progress: assessing the impact of economic freedom, economic growth, urbanisation and environmental protection expenditures on load capacity in selected European Union countries

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dc.contributor.authorGuney, Esra
dc.contributor.authorSogut, Yasin
dc.contributor.authorDemirtas, Nazli
dc.contributor.authorKoseoglu, Yakup
dc.contributor.authorSanver, Cahit
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-04T21:51:10Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-27
dc.description.abstractAbstract This study investigates the relationships between the load capacity factor and urbanization, environmental protection expenditures, economic freedom and economic growth in the European Union from 1996 to 2021. The main motivation is the need for sustainable policies that reduce environmental degradation while promoting economic development. The analysis is conducted with empirical methods such as common correlated effects and augmented mean group using panel data from 24 European Union Countries. The results show that urbanization increases load capacity and can support sustainable practices when well managed. The impact of spending on environmental protection varies across countries, improving environmental quality in some regions but being counterproductive in others. The relationship between economic freedom and growth is complex; economic growth increases environmental pressure, emphasizing the need for green technologies. This highlights the need for sustainable development.. Graphical Abstract
dc.description.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01088-8
dc.description.urihttps://doaj.org/article/4a75dcc6b7274de9880ed1177a531be7
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12302-025-01088-8
dc.identifier.eissn2190-4715
dc.identifier.openairedoi_dedup___::df6c1fc0b97e80a2e4ab89c328404531
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5736-8733
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7274-0591
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9487-5179
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8902-0053
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4918-9305
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105001249977
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12597/42576
dc.identifier.volume37
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLC
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Sciences Europe
dc.rightsOPEN
dc.subjectEnvironmental sciences
dc.subjectEnvironmental law
dc.subjectLoad capacity factor
dc.subjectSustainable development
dc.subjectAMG
dc.subjectPanel data analysis
dc.subjectCCE
dc.subjectGE1-350
dc.subjectEuropean Union
dc.subjectK3581-3598
dc.titleHarmonising progress: assessing the impact of economic freedom, economic growth, urbanisation and environmental protection expenditures on load capacity in selected European Union countries
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
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