Advancements in polylactic acid research: From material properties to sustainable applications

Abstract

This review article provides a comprehensive examination of the latest advancements in the research and development of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and its composites, with a focus on enhancing material properties and exploring sustainable applications. As a biodegradable and bio-base polymer, PLA has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics across various industries, including packaging, 3D printing, and biomedical fields. The review delves into studies investigating the effects of environmental conditions on PLA’s hydrolytic stability and structural integrity, as well as the benefits of blending PLA with other biopolymers to improve its mechanical properties. It also covers research on optimizing three dimensional printing parameters for PLA, underscoring the importance of raster orientation and print layer thickness in achieving desired mechanical strength and object durability. Additionally, the incorporation of nanofillers and copolymers is discussed as a strategy for enhancing PLA’s moisture resistance and overall performance. By summarizing key findings from a wide range of studies, this article aims to shed light on the significant progress made in PLA research, while pointing out future research directions to resolve existing limitations and fully capitalize on PLA’s potential as a green material solution. To better cater to the needs of design engineers, this review highlights how advancements in PLA research can be directly applied to improve product design and functionality. Specifically, it discusses the enhanced mechanical properties, sustainability benefits, and versatility of PLA in various industrial applications, providing engineers with a deeper understanding of how to utilize PLA in eco-friendly design solutions.