Effects of Physical Activity Level and Sedentary Behavior on the Musculoskeletal System in Young Adults

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior in young adults aged 18-35 and to evaluate the effects of this relationship on musculoskeletal pain, posture, muscle shortness, and trunk muscle endurance. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted at the Faculty of Health Sciences of a university between March 2018 and August 2018, 219 students were included. Data were obtained by using the case report form which determines the demographic characteristics and sedentary behavior of the students, The International Physical Activity Index - short form, posture analysis form, muscle shortness evaluation form, and trunk muscle endurance evaluation form. Results: In the study, 66.2% of patients were female and 33.8% were male. In the evaluation of physical activity level, the ratio of highly active individuals in males, and inactive and insufficiently active individuals in females was significantly higher (p <0.05). Musculoskeletal pain was significantly higher in inactive and insufficiently active individuals (p<0.001). A negative correlation existed between physical activity level and pain frequency, duration, and scores (p<0.001). There was a positive correlation between trunk endurance tests and physical activity and exercise participation. Non-exercisers showed shortening of lumbar extensor muscles and gastrosoleus, with increased thoracic kyphosis (p<0.05). Daily sitting time correlated positively with elbow, wrist, and knee pain, and lumbar lordosis (p<0.05). Those spending more time at the computer experienced higher levels of head-neck and elbow pain, pain duration, muscle shortness, thoracic kyphosis, shoulder protraction, and anterior head tilt (p<0.05). Conclusion: In young adults, increasing physical activity and reducing daily sitting time are necessary to prevent musculoskeletal pain and reduce postural deformities. Keywords: Musculoskeletal diseases, musculoskeletal pain, physical exertion, posture, sedentary behavior, trunk muscular endurance, young adult.