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Simple Executive Function as an endophenotype of autism-ADHD, and differing associations between simple versus complex Executive Functions and autism/ADHD traits NIHR Advanced Fellow

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dc.contributor.authorAlexandra Hendry
dc.contributor.authorRachael Bedford
dc.contributor.authorAgyapong, Mary A.
dc.contributor.authorJannath Begum Ali
dc.contributor.authorTessel Bazelmans
dc.contributor.authorMutluhan Ersoy
dc.contributor.authorAmy Goodwin
dc.contributor.authorLuke Mason
dc.contributor.authorNisha Narverkar
dc.contributor.authorGreg Pasco
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-02T12:35:26Z
dc.description.abstractExecutive Functions (EFs) enable us to control attention and behaviour in pursuit of a goal. In this longitudinal study, 107 children with a family history of autism and/or ADHD (FH-autism/ADHD), and 24 children with no FH-autism/ADHD completed a battery of EF tasks (5 tasks at age 2 years, 7 tasks at age 3 years). Parents reported on their child’s autism- (Q-CHAT at age 2, SRS-2 at age 3), and ADHD-related traits (CBCL DSM-ADHD scale at both ages). The FH-autism/ADHD group showed lower scores on simple EFs (involving inhibiting a response, and holding in mind) at ages 2 and 3. Sub-group analyses indicated lower Executive Attention (top-down attentional control) scores for the FH-autism group aged 2, and lower Complex EF (involving selectively deploying responses, or updating information) scores for the FH-autism-and-ADHD group aged 3. Three-year-olds’ Simple EF factor scores were negatively associated with ADHD-related traits but not autism traits, whilst Complex EF factor scores were negatively associated with autism traits (before correcting for multiple comparisons). Toddlers with a family history of autism and/or ADHD may benefit from interventions to support simple EF development, whilst those already showing autistic traits may additionally benefit from support with more-complex EF skills.
dc.description.urihttps://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/c9tzx
dc.identifier.openaireod______3985::6fe894a40caed631f6ee746f9e7b89b7
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12597/35403
dc.rightsOPEN
dc.subjectClinical Psychology
dc.subjectDevelopmental Psychology
dc.subjectPsychology
dc.subjectSocial and Behavioral Sciences
dc.titleSimple Executive Function as an endophenotype of autism-ADHD, and differing associations between simple versus complex Executive Functions and autism/ADHD traits NIHR Advanced Fellow
dc.typePreprint
dspace.entity.typePublication
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