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Potentially toxic element contamination and health risk assessment in bottled mineral waters consumed in Turkey

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dc.contributor.authorTurhan, Şeref
dc.contributor.authorKurnaz, Aslı
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-04T17:04:15Z
dc.date.issued2022-07-26
dc.description.abstractThis study aimed to evaluate the human health risk posed by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in 59 bottled mineral water (BMW) samples of 25 different brands marketed in Turkey. The concentrations of Ag, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb in the BMW samples were analyzed using an ICP-OES and compared with maximum allowable concentrations (MACs). A higher concentration of As than MAC was detected in five BMW samples. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Al in the majority of BMW samples are higher than the MACs. The human health risk was evaluated for adults estimating non-carcinogenic risk index (HI), incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and total cancer risk (TCR). All HI values estimated for PTEs in BMW samples are less than one, except for one sample. ILCR values for Cd in approximately half of the BMW samples are above the upper limit.
dc.description.urihttps://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2022.2105825
dc.description.urihttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35882079
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/09603123.2022.2105825
dc.identifier.eissn1369-1619
dc.identifier.endpage1557
dc.identifier.issn0960-3123
dc.identifier.openairedoi_dedup___::d245c58e67819fa81c75983d3ba3abde
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7910-3461
dc.identifier.pubmed35882079
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85134796747
dc.identifier.startpage1546
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12597/39874
dc.identifier.volume33
dc.identifier.wos000830404700001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherInforma UK Limited
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Environmental Health Research
dc.subjectAdult
dc.subjectTurkey
dc.subjectDrinking Water
dc.subjectRisk Assessment
dc.subjectLead
dc.subjectMetals, Heavy
dc.subjectNeoplasms
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectMineral Waters
dc.subjectCadmium
dc.subjectEnvironmental Monitoring
dc.subject.sdg6. Clean water
dc.subject.sdg3. Good health
dc.subject.sdg13. Climate action
dc.titlePotentially toxic element contamination and health risk assessment in bottled mineral waters consumed in Turkey
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
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