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Contamination degree and health implications of indoor air pollution: Operating field measurements in market environments

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dc.contributor.authorIsinkaralar, Oznur
dc.contributor.authorRajfur, Małgorzata
dc.contributor.authorIsinkaralar, Kaan
dc.contributor.authorŚwisłowski, Paweł
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-04T21:47:19Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-01
dc.description.abstractThis study investigated the contamination levels, ecological and human health risks, and potential sources of eleven potentially toxic metals (PETs), particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), and carbon dioxide (CO2) collected from urban-rural-periphery markets exposed to various anthropogenic activities, accentuated by the ever-increasing stress of anthropogenic activities. Contamination aspects, associated ecological risks, and hazards to human health will be discussed herein, besides determining and presenting possible sources of PM2.5 and PETs: Cr, Cu, Co Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mg, Al, Mn, and Fe. The study describes the settled dust particles from various indoor dust-collecting environments of a few supermarket chains in Kastamonu Province, Türkiye. The indoor and outdoor average levels (I/O), ratio of CO2 and PM2.5 concentrations was between 1.05-1.28 and 1.23-1.70 across these markets. The overall concentrations of PETs (mg kg-1) indoors were observed in the following descending order: Fe (6492.73) > Al (2290.80) > Mg (719.86) > Zn (150.20) > Mn (162.13) > Ni (38.73) > Cr (18.06) > Pb (28.33) > Cu (13.67) > Co (7.87) > Cd (1.69). The I/O PM2.5, CO2, and PETs concentration ratios generally exhibited a multi-distribution, with peaks between 4:00-7:00 p.m., likely associated with customer density. The mean levels of children's exposure to dust particles from urban markets occurred principally through ingestion (7.53E+02), followed by dermal contact (1.10E-03) and inhalation (7.95E-06). The findings of this pioneering study offer crucial data to inform future monitoring and policy for protecting coastal ecosystems and public health.
dc.description.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178946
dc.description.urihttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40024043
dc.description.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969725005819
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178946
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.openairedoi_dedup___::d8267c848908aed20210f6abeeb0c454
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4544-9819
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6161-0927
dc.identifier.pubmed40024043
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85218870677
dc.identifier.startpage178946
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12597/42532
dc.identifier.volume969
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier BV
dc.relation.ispartofScience of The Total Environment
dc.rightsCLOSED
dc.subjectHealth risk assessment
dc.subjectAir Pollutants
dc.subjectMetals
dc.subjectAir Pollution, Indoor
dc.subjectDust characterizatio
dc.subjectAnthropogenic activities
dc.subjectHumans
dc.subjectParticulate Matter
dc.subjectDust
dc.subjectEnvironmental Exposure
dc.subjectIndoor air quality
dc.subjectEnvironmental Monitoring
dc.titleContamination degree and health implications of indoor air pollution: Operating field measurements in market environments
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
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