İnebolu Orman İşletme Müdürlüğündeki Anadolu Kestanesi (Castanea sativa Mill.) Ormanlarının Meşçere Kuruluşu ve Doğal Gençleşme Örnekleri

Abstract

Ozet Anadolu’nun yerli bir turu olan Castanea sativa Mill. Kastamonu ilinin Karadeniz kiyisindaki ormanlarda genis bir yayilis alanina sahiptir. Ormanlardan elde edilen urun ve hizmetlerin surekli bir sekilde saglanmasi mescere kuruluslarina uygun silvikulturel islemlerin gerceklestirilmesi ile mumkun olmaktadir. Bu nedenle Kestane ormanlarinin kurulus ve dogal genclesme ozelliklerinin belirlenmesi biyolojik cesitlilik ve doga koruma acisindan buyuk onem tasimaktadir. Bu calismada; Kastamonu ili Inebolu Isletme Mudurlugundeki Anadolu kestanesi ( Castanea sativa Mill.) ormanlarinin mescere kuruluslari ve dogal genclesme ornekleri arastirilmistir. Ayrica dogal genclesme orneklerindeki vitalite (yasam gucu) durumu ayrintili olarak ele alinmistir. Bu sayede elde edilen veriler yardimi ile mescere kuruluslari degerlendirilerek bu kuruluslari olusturan faktorlerin etki sekilleri belirlenmis uygun islemler ile gerek dogal genclesme gerekse mescere vitalite ve stabilitesini surekli saglayacak isletmecilik teknigine vurgu yapilarak dogaya yakin silvikulturun altliklarinin olusturulmasi amaclanmistir. Arastirma sonuclari degerlendirildiginde; mescere kapalilik derecesinin "gevsek isikli kapalilik" oldugu yerlerde yogun genclik gruplarinin yer aldigi mescerenin “tam ve sikisik kapalilik” oldugu yerlerde ise gencligin daha az yogunlukta var oldugu tespit edilmistir. Gencligin dagiliminda yamac durumu dikkate alindiginda alt yamac ile ust yamac arasinda onemli bir farkin olmadigi belirlenmistir. Vitalite sinifinin belirlenmesi amaciyla secilen ornek bireylerin cogunun 4. ve 5. vitalite siniflarinda yer aldigi gorulmustur. 1, 2 ve 3. vitalite siniflarina ise hicbir ornek alanda rastlanmamistir. Bu durum gencliklerin buyuk cogunlugunun yeterli boy ve cap artimi yapabildiginin gostergesi olmustur. Varligi son yillarda biyotik etkenler yuzunden tahrip olan kestane ormanlarinin dogal genclesme ozellikleri uzerinde onemle durulmasi gerekmektedir. Kestane mescerelerinin dogal olarak genclestirilmesi veya dogal olarak gelmis gencliklerde devamliliginin saglanmasi yonunde uygun planlamalar bu alanlarda baslatilmalidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Silvikulturel islemler, Sureklilik ilkesi, Mescere kurulusu, Vitalite, Anadolu kestanesi ( Castanea sativa Mill.) The Stand Structure of the Anatolian Chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill.) Forests and Samples of Natural Regeneration in Inebolu Forestry Enterprise Abstract Castanea sativa Mill., which is a native strain of Anatolia, has an extensive range in the forests on the shore of Black Sea at Kastamonu province. Providing products and services, which are obtained from the sustainable forests, becomes possible by carrying out the silvicultural processes that are consistent with the stand structure. Therefore, determining the stand structure and natural regeneration characteristics of the forests, have great importance with regard to biological diversity and natural conservation. In this study, the stand structure of the Anatolian Chestnut forests and natural regeneration examples have been researched. Additionally, the vitality status in natural regeneration examples has been considered in detail. Thus, after evaluating the structure of the stands with the help of the data collected, the types of effects of the factors instituting these structures have been identified; and by expressing the administration technique that will continuously provide stand vitality, stability, and natural regeneration with appropriate processes; it is aimed to establish the basis of the silviculture, which is close to the nature. When the results of the study are evaluated; it is identified that, the intense youth groups take place in the areas where the closure level of the stand is “loose-light closure”, and the youth is less intense where the stand has “whole and crown closure”. When the statuses of the slopes are considered for the distribution of the youth, it is identified that there isn’t a significant difference between the lower and higher slopes. It is seen that, the majority of the sample individuals, which were selected in order to determine the classes of vitality, took places in the 4 th and 5 th classes of vitality. And, the 1 st 2 nd and 3 th classes of vitality were not come across in any of the sample areas. This situation has been an indicator of the fact that, a gross majority of the youth is able to have adequate amount of height and diameter increment. The natural regeneration characteristics of the chestnut forests that have been ruined in recent years because of biological effects should be emphasized with more stress. Plans in the direction of, naturally regenerating the chestnut stands or providing the continuity of the naturally obtained youth, should be initiated. Key words: Silvicultural processes, Sustainable system, Stand structure, Vitality, Anatolian chestnut