The role of ion channels on the physiology of the neurovascular unit and the regulation of cerebral blood flow

Abstract

The neurovascular unit, composed of neurons, brain endothelial cells, pericytes, microglia, and astrocytes, regulates cerebral blood flow. The physical and chemical signals govern the physiology of the neurovascular unit within the network composed of its cellular components. Astrocytes have an essential role in this network since they have a privileged anatomical relationship with the rest of the cells. They are capable of sensing signals released by their neighboring cells, releasing chemical transmitters, and controlling the extracellular K+ concentration. Moreover, astrocytes play a crucial role in providing oxygen and nutrients to neurons during high neuronal firing activity. This manuscript will briefly discuss the recent evidence of astrocytes' contribution and their plethora of ion channels to the leading cellular mechanisms involved in the physiology of the neurovascular unit.