Browsing by Author "Yilmaz E."

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A new diatom (Surirellaceae: Bacillariophyta) species-Surirella caljoniana sp. nov.-in Göydün Spring, Sivas in Eastern Anatolia, Republic of Türkiye
(2023-05-03) Solak C.N.; Cocquyt C.; Hamilton P.B.; Holmes J.; Yilmaz E.; Kesbiç I.
A new species Surirella caljoniana sp. nov. is described from a unique microenvironment in the mountainous region of Türkiye. The taxon was found in a small soda spring which is an important water source for the Kızılırmak River. Surirella caljoniana is similar to Surirella brebissonii Krammer & Lange-Bertalot, S. brebissonii var. kuetzingii Krammer and Lange-Bertalot, S. lacrimula J.D.English, S. neglecta Reichardt and S. subsalsa W.Smith in morphology and shape. Unlike the other taxa, S. caljoniana has an oval-elliptic, slightly heteropolar outline, larger length/width ratio and a narrowly rounded, slightly protracted foot pole. Over the striae, distinct fimbriate silica protrusions are evident and similar to some marine species within the Pinnatae.
Accumulation of heavy metal pollution caused by traffic in forest trees in the park of Kerey and Janibek Khans of the city of Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
(2021-01-01) Ayan S.; Sarsekova D.; Kenesaryuly G.; Yilmaz E.; Gülseven O.; Şahin İ.
Air quality in Nur-Sultan, the fast-growing new capital city of Kazakhstan, has been poorly investigated. This research was carried in Kerey and Janibek Khans Park in Nur-Sultan, the capital city of Kazakhstan, which is affected by “different traffic density” on the roads. Three different categories of contamination (i) high pollution (distance from the main road 10–15 m), (ii) moderate pollution (distance from the side road 15–30 m), and (iii) low pollution (distance from the source of contamination 30–80 m) at different levels resulting from urban transportation were examined. The aim of the study is to determine the pollution accumulation amounts of Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Li, Co, Fe, and Zn in five different tree species: Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ H. Karst.), blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.,), Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth). Significant differences in Ni, Cd, Pb, Cr, Li, Co, Fe, and Zn accumulation amounts were determined between three different parts of the park exposed to different levels of contamination. Approximately twice higher Ni, 2.3 times Cd, 3.3 times Pb, 2.7 times Co, 1.6 times Zn accumulation were determined in the area exposed to high pollution than in the parts of the park exposed to low pollution. Cd deposition in the area exposed to high contamination was higher in silver birch than in Scots pine and Norway spruce, while Cr and Co deposition values were higher in Norway spruce than in birch and Scots pine.
Health services management in Turkey: Failure or success?
(2019-01-01) Bener A.; Alayoglu N.; Çatan F.; Torun P.; Yilmaz E.
Background: The unfair distribution and delivery of health-care resources have been recognized as a problem in the worldwide. In the past 18 years, Turkey has undergone rapid social, cultural, and economic changes. The lifestyle and dietary habits of its people have also been changing, and the rates of diabetes, obesity, cancer, and other chronic diseases have increased dramatically over the past two decades. The health transformation program (HTP) has improved the Turkish health-care system since 2003. The main goal of HTP was to progress government, to provide equality between citizens, to give satisfaction to users and providers, and to subsidise the health-care system in Turkey. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess health-care services and health care quality delivery in the Republic of Turkey with special emphasis on governmental hospitals, university hospitals, primary healthcare centers (PHC) and to make comparison with low-, medium-and high-income countries. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study. The ministry of health Annual Reports, websites of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), The World Fact Book, organization for economic cooperation and development report, Compendium of Health Statistics, the Google engine, and PubMed were searched for information about Turkey's health-care system and its history. Papers and websites in English were evaluated. There was no restriction on types of articles and sources. Results: Turkey has made outstanding reforms in health status in the last two decades, especially after the implementation of the HTP. The doctor's perception has more influence regarding consultation length and visit than the patient's. The results of consultations in volunteer practices in Istanbul showed that the mean and SD of the consultation length for the whole sample of 360 patients was 7.95 ± 4.38, (with range = 3-25 min). Consultation time has been affected by the patients' diseases, genders that women got longer consultation time, medical practices at the urban or rural areas, and ages which older patients required longer consultation time. The current study revealed that increasing doctor's workload leads to decrease the length of consultations. Moreover, average life expectancy reached 75.3 for men and 80.7 for women in 2015. The infant mortality rate decreased to 10.7/1000 live births in 2015, down from 117.5 in 1980. The leading causes of death are diseases of the circulatory system followed by cancer. Conclusions: The Turkish health system and health-care delivery have been improved over the last decade. Still far from perfect, there is a particular planning to increase medical workforce in PHC including well-Trained staffs for a specific area. An urgent need is to acquire more accurate and reliable data from hospital and PHC centers in Turkey. Additional some attempts should be made to assess quality of healthcare in relation to services and process.
The effects on the soil nutrient content of douglas fir and kazdagi fir in cangal forests in ayancik, Sinop, Turkey
(2020-07-01) Eshaibi J.A.H.; Ayan S.; Ozel H.B.; Celik E.N.Y.; Kuscu I.S.K.; Akin S.S.; Gulseven O.; Yilmaz E.
The aim of the study was to compare the influence on nutrient pool in the soil of Douglas fir {Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), as exotic fast growing species, and Kazdagi fir (Abies normanniana subsp. equi-trojani (Asch.&Sint. ex Boiss) as native species. The study was conducted within a single stand, Cangal forest in Ayancik, Sinop located western Black Sea Region, the first plantation site in Turkey, in order to reduce variation in abiotic factors. Soil samples were collected from two different sample areas belonging to each species from natural Kazdagi fir and Douglas fir stands and each sample was taken from three different points and two levels (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm). C and N elements were analysed using elemental analyser, and basic macro and micro elements were determined by using TurboQuantPowders N method as a percentage with XRF. According to the results of the variance analysis, the factors of tree species and soil depth are found to be affecting N, C and ZnO (F =9.038**; F =9.294***; F =2.476**) significantly. However, there is no significant effect on the other 26 nutrients. Strong positive and negative correlations were found between many nutrients. In the upper soil at 0-15 cm, N was determined to be higher compared to both the lower soil under Douglas fir stand and the Kazdagi fir stand. Douglas fir has a nitrogen increasing effect on soil content. With further research, the research question should be questioned in relation to stand characteristics and growth based on long-term observations and measurements.