Browsing by Author "Yigit M."

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Comparative study on haematological and biochemical parameters of two wild sparid fish species
(2019-01-01) Acar Ü.; Saoca C.; Kesbiç O.; Yilmaz S.; Yigit M.; Inanan B.; Fazio F.
Different feeding habits may affect the blood parameters in fish species of the same family, even if they live in the same marine habitat. The aim of this study was to compare some haematological and biochemical parameters of two marine fish species of the same family, the saupe Sarpa salpa (Linnaeus, 1758) and the common two-banded seabream Diplodus vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817), and to establish the similarities and differences between these species. For this purpose red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TRIG), cholesterol (CHOL), serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulins (GLO), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined for 30 fish from each species. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in some haematological and biochemical (RBC, Hb, Hct, TP, ALB, GLO, AST, ALT, ALP and LDH) parameters between the two species. Lower values of RBC, Hb and Hct were found in S. salpa in comparison with D. vulgaris. These differences could be attributed to the feeding behavior, life style and habitat adaptation of the different fish species of the same family and contribute to knowledge of reference values of blood parameters in Sarpa salpa and Diplodus vulgaris. No significant differences were found in MCV, MCH, MCHC and GLU, TRIG, CHOL.
Evaluation of Dietary Protein Level in Practical Feed for Twoband Bream Diplodus vulgaris
(2018-10-01) Yigit M.; Sahinyilmaz M.; Acar Ü.; Kesbic O.; Yilmaz S.; Bulut M.; Gürses K.; Maita M.
The effects of different dietary protein levels on growth performance and health status of TwobandBream Diplodus vulgaris juveniles were investigated. Three test diets that had increasing protein levels (30, 36, and 42%) and used fish meal as the protein source were formulated. Each of the test diets was fed in triplicate groups of 28 juvenile fish (initial weight, 23.65 ± 0.34 [mean ± SD]) to satiety for a period of 80 d. Growth performance and feed utilization were best in the group fed the diet with a protein level of 36%. Ammonia nitrogen excretion showed an increasing trend as dietary protein levels increased, and retention rates of ammonia nitrogen per intake were highest in fish fed the 42% protein diet. Whole-body proximate composition and hematological variables were not significantly affected by protein level in the diets. However, serum glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values were significantly affected by dietary protein level and showed an increasing trend as the dietary protein level in the diets increased. As a result, an improved health status of Twoband Bream was observed in the fish fed a 36% protein level.
Human exposure to trace elements via farmed and cage aggregated wild Axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne) in a copper alloy cage site in the Northern Aegean Sea
(2018-12-01) Yigit M.; Dwyer R.; Celikkol B.; Yilmaz S.; Bulut M.; Buyukates Y.; Kesbic O.S.; Acar Ü.; Ozalp B.; Maita M.; Ergün S.
Axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne) farmed in a copper alloy mesh pen and wild individuals of P. acarne aggregated near the copper-alloy cages presented higher concentrations of trace metals in the liver, skin and gills than in fish muscle tissues in two batches of small and large fish sizes. Elevated mean levels of metals (mg kg−1) in muscle tissues in both small and large fish size groups were observed in the rank order of Zn(3.43) > Fe(3.01) > Cu(0.59) > Mn(0.13) and Fe(3.82) > Zn(3.32) > Cu(0.62) > Mn(0.17) for copper cage-farmed fish, relative to ranked mean levels for Zn(2.64) > Fe(1.95) > Cu(0.25) > Mn(0.09) and Fe(5.79) > Zn(3.58) > Cu(0.58) > Mn(0.28) for the copper cage-aggregated wild fish. Nevertheless, trace metal concentrations in fish harvested from the copper cage or those of the cage-aggregated wild individuals in both size groups were far below maximum levels of seafood safety recommended by USEPA and FAO/WHO. Target hazard quotients, calculated to estimate the non-carcinogenic health risks of metals by consuming these fish, were below “1″ (THQ < 1), indicating that there were no potential health risks for humans when consuming copper-caged fish or wild-caught individuals aggregated around the copper mesh pen, with respect to the limits suggested by US Food and Drug Administration and EU Regulations for Seafood Consumption.
Structural and chemical changes of grape seed extract after thermal processing and its use in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets as an organic feed supplement
(2019-03-30) Kesbiç O.; Yigit M.
The present study aimed to evaluate physicochemical properties and structural variations of grape seed extract exposed to thermal process during feed production, and the use of grape seed extract in rainbow trout diets as a sustainable organic fish feed supplement. Structural changes of grape seed extract granules were observed under a scanning electron microscope, and analyzed using HPLC/UV and GC/MS. Following thermal process, an increase in the granular size of grape seed was observed and cracks were formed on the granules. In the flavor analysis performed using a GC/MS device, totally nine volatile compounds were identified and three of them were palmitic, linoleic and oleic fatty acids. Thermal processing treatment decreased (+)-catechin amount in grape seed extract from 0.667 to 0.557 mg/L, whereas (−)-epicatechin increased from 0.819 to 1.156 mg/L. As a second step of the study, grape seed extract, a waste product of the wine industry, was supplemented in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 2‰ and given to experimental fish for a period of 90 days. Feed and protein utilization coefficients as well as growth performance of the experimental fish fed diets containing grape seed extracts differed significantly (P <.05) compared to the control group fed diets without grape seed extract supplementation. Dietary incorporation of grape seeds had no significant effect on the fat, moisture or ash contents in fish fillets (P >.05), however protein ratio significantly increased in the 0.5‰ grape seed extract group compared to the control (P <.05). Based on these findings and the correlation between dietary grape seed levels and percent growth rates, grape seed extract incorporation of 1.05‰ seems beneficial for the best growth performance and meat quality in rainbow trout. Further, increased levels of (−)-epicatechin (a polymeric flavan-3-ol), known to participate in many physiological regulatory mechanisms likely have provided higher antioxidant activity after thermal processing. Thus, thermal treatment of grape seed extract during feed production might have increased the diet quality with promising results as a potential nutritional supplement in diets for rainbow trout.
Temporal Variations in Hematological, Immunological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Acclimated to High-Saline Water in the Northern Aegean Sea
(2023-01-01) Buyukates Y.; Kesbiç O.; Yigit M.; Yilmaz S.; Ergün S.; Bulut M.; Ozalp B.
The present study evaluated the health status of rainbow trout (30.24±5.34 g) acclimated to high-saline water (28‰). Among adaptation procedures, gradually-acclimated (for 48 h) fish showed best performance, which were then introduced to the offshore cage-farm for further monitoring of fish health in marine environment over a long-term period of 100 days, until harvest weight of 319.9±48.51 g. Fish health and welfare was evaluated by means of biochemical parameters (viscerasomatic index, hepatosomatic index, mesenteric fat index, and spleen somatic index), hematological parameters (serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin), and immune parameters (lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, respiratory burst and potential killing values). Gradual acclimation to high-saline water did not show any adverse effects on health parameters. No significant differences were found in biometric measures (P>0.05). However, a time-dependent increase was recorded in hematology markers (P<0.05) after seawater transfer, and the health status improved over long term from March 7 to June 14, 2018. All serum biochemical markers, except the total protein showed significant alterations (P<0.05) in long term but without detrimental influence by day 100. Therefore, it seems possible to expand trout farms from brackish water sites to higher saline environments up to 28‰ salinity, with no detrimental impacts on fish health, that in turn may significantly contribute to the extension of potential aquaculture sites to wider areas.
Unrefined Peanut Oil as a Lipid Source in Diets for Juveniles of Two-banded Seabream Diplodus vulgaris
(2016-01-02) Kesbiç O.S.; Acar Ü.; Yigit M.; Bulut M.; Gültepe N.; Yilmaz S.
A feeding study with Two-banded Seabream Diplodus vulgaris was conducted to determine the effects of replacement of fish oil (FO) by unrefined peanut oil (PO) on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, fatty acid composition, and serum biochemical and hematological variables. Three isonitrogenous (35.8%) and isoenergetic (21.15 kJ/g) diets were formulated by replacing dietary FO with PO at levels of level 0% (PO0), 50% (PO50), or 100% (PO100). Fish were fed twice a day until satiation for an experimental period of 8 weeks. The best growth performance was observed in fish fed with the PO0 and PO50 diets. A significant increase was observed in hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume levels of fish fed with PO50 diet compared with the other groups. Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, and globulin were not affected by dietary PO treatment and did not differ among experimental groups. The glucose level was highest in the PO100 group. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels were lower in fish fed diets with PO inclusions than in those fed the control diet. The fatty acid composition of fish was significantly affected by the experimental diets. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvictransaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were not affected by dietary PO treatment. The n-3:n-6 ratio in fish fed the PO0 diet was also higher than in fish fed the PO-supplemented diets. The results of the present study showed that FO could be substituted by PO up to 50% in Two-banded Seabream diets without any negative effect on growth performance or serum biochemical and hematological features.