Browsing by Author "Tutus A."

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Chemical, morphological and anatomical properties and evaluation of cotton stalks (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) in pulp industry
(2010-06-01) Tutus A.; Ezici A.C.; Ates S.
In this study, chemical composition and morphological properties of cotton stalks growing in Turkey were investigated. Typical chemical properties determined were the amount of holocellulose, α-cellulose, cellulose, lignin, ash, silica, solubility of cold and hot water and 1% soda and alcohol-benzene. The holocellulose, a-cellulose, cellulose, lignin contents and solubility of cold and hot water and 1% soda and alcohol-benzene in cotton stalks were determined similar to those of some common non-wood and hardwood raw materials. Also, sodium borohydride (NaBH4) modified kraft pulping was performed by using cotton stalks and the effects of NaBHinf4/inf addition on the total pulp yield and chemical properties of pulps were investigated. In order to determine the optimum cooking parameters, 30 different laboratory experiments were performed. It was noted that the increasing level of NaBH4 improved the screened pulp yield, pulp viscosity and degree of polymerization, reduced the kappa number. Consequently, total pulp yield was increased (15.66%) by NaBHinf4/inf addition. Pulp viscosity and degree of polymerization were found to be higher than those of kraft one by about 1.60 and 1.73%, respectively. However, kappa number of NaBHinf4/inf added to kraft pulp is lower (15.86%) than those of kraft one. © 2010 Academic Journals.
Influence of cooking variables of Crimean Pine (pinus nigra arnold SBSP. pallassiana) kraft pulp on the resulting paper Sheets
(2008-04-28) Ateş S.; Kirci H.; Tutus A.
A central composite factorial design was used to examine the influence of independent variables of kraft pulping of Crimean Pine wood chips at 50 Schopper-Riegler (oSR) level. Second order polynomial regression equations related each dependent variable to the different independent variables were obtained that reproduced the experimental results for the PFI beating revolutions, breaking length, burst index, tear index, stretch and brightness at 50 oSR obtained at sulphidity, H-factor and active alkali rates over the ranges 15-45%, 800-2400 and 14-22% respectively, with average errors less than %20. To minimize environmental effects of sulphide and acceptable levels of the properties of the paper sheets, low sulphidity rate, high H-factor and medium alkali concentration can be used.
Pulp and paper production from spruce wood with kraft and modified kraft methods
(2010-03-15) Tutus A.; Ates S.; Deniz I.
In this study, kraft and modified kraft pulping methods were applied for spruce (Picea orientalis) wood collected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Fiber properties, carbohydrate contents, strength and optical properties of resultant paper were included to determine the properties of these pulp samples. Optimum kraft, kraft-borohydride (NaBH4), kraft-anthraquinone (AQ) and kraft-ethanol pulping conditions were determined. After determining screened yield, kappa number, viscosity, fiber length, fiber coarseness, -cellulose, holocellulose, lignin and ash content, breaking length, tear indexes and burst indexes of the obtained pulp samples, the differences of SEM image of each pulp sample were captured and evaluated. The results indicated that kraft-AQ pulps from spruce wood exhibited better characteristics than the other pulp samples with lower kappa number, higher paper strength properties and optical properties. However, kraft-NaBH4 method gave pulps with closer characteristics to kraft-AQ and also gave a higher screened yield and -cellulose ratio than the others. © 2010 Academic Journals.