Browsing by Author "Turkyilmaz A."

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Activated carbon production from horse chestnut shells for hydrogen storage
(2022-01-01) Isinkaralar K.; Gullu G.; Turkyilmaz A.; Dogan M.; Turhan O.
New generation clean energy resources can be defined as hydrogen energy. However, the search for techniques accelerated in hydrogen energy converting and storing. In the study, the hydrogen storage capacity of activated carbon was obtained from horse chestnut shells, which is a lignocellulosic waste. It was investigated at cryogenic temperature and room temperature. The raw material's surface area and micropore volume have been increased by chemical activation methods using an activation agent (ZnCl2). Physicochemical analysis of activated carbon was also carried out. As a result of the research, the highest efficiency under constant pressure was obtained as 3.18 wt%.
Changes in heavy metal accumulation depending on traffic density in some landscape plants
(2018-01-01) Turkyilmaz A.; Sevik H.; Cetin M.; Ahmaida Saleh E.A.
Air pollution is among the major problems stemming from modern urban life. Millions of people worldwide die from air pollution every year. Especially heavy metals have great importance among these pollutants. Because heavy metals can stay in nature for a long time without deterioration, and their concentration in the environment is constantly increasing. They also tend to bioaccumulate. Many heavy metals arise from exhaust gases, car wheels, vehicles, and vehicle corrosion in cities. Determining heavy metal concentrations in plants is important both for determining the ability of plants to remove heavy metals from the air, and thus to be used as a means of increasing air quality, as well as for monitoring air quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the variation of different heavy metal concentrations, depending on the traffic density, in some landscape plants sampled from areas with different levels of traffic density. Our results show that heavy metal accumulation differs according to both plant species and traffic density. In traffic-dense areas we measured the greatest amounts of Cu, Ni, and Fe in Prunus cerasifera; of Ca, Mg, and Mn in Ailanthus altissima; of Cr and Zn in Elaeagnus angustifolia; and of Pb and Cd in Tilia tomentosa.
Equilibrium study of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) from gas streams by black pine cones-derived activated carbon
(2023-08-01) Isinkaralar K.; Turkyilmaz A.; Lakestani S.
Considering environmental emissions, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are widely used as raw materials in industrial processes. They also affect humans via inhalation, which must be reduced due to their toxicity before further operation. Notably, the leading technologies have tried to remove BTEX emissions with several methods. Continuous innovation of adsorbents is constantly developing in the adsorption mechanism, which has been developed based on waste biomass. Pinus nigra cones is a lignocellulosic raw material that is fast-growing on various soils and found abundant in nature as a precursor. It may be cheaply found available from some natural product vendors. It was used to prepare activated carbon by chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the activating agents between at 550–850 °C for 2 h. Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 gas adsorption–desorption analyzer were used for KAS-ACs characterization. The high BTEX adsorption capacities by ZnCl2 activated carbons were slightly higher than (SBET: 1849 m2/g for KAS-AC91, and Vtotal: 0.44 cm3/g) others. ANOVA results show a high correlation for the KAS-ACs production with ZnCl2, and there was a statistically significant difference between the mean of Vmicro (cm3/g) with activation temperatures p-values<0.05. The removal capacities at 5 μg/L have been done to evaluate using Tenax TA tubes were 92, 96, 88, and 94.08% for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene onto the KAS-AC91 in the following order: Xylenes (181 μg/g)>Toluene (206 μg/g)>Benzene (171 μg/g)>Ethylbenzene(201 μg/g). This suggests that the KAS-AC91 is an efficient BTEX adsorbent and represents a promising attempt to enhance BTEX adsorption in indoor air quality.
Experimental study of formaldehyde and BTEX adsorption onto activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass
(2023-04-01) Isinkaralar K.; Gullu G.; Turkyilmaz A.
Formaldehyde and BTEX have been used for different industries and other activities. They release many ways that negatively affect the environment and human health due to inadequate ventilation and rapidly increasing oscillation conditions. The widely used technology, which activated carbon, is emerging new studies on air pollutants removal. This study was produced activated carbon for formaldehyde and BTEX removal from Aesculus hippocastanum L. biomass. It was used as organic waste that is abundant in nature. The carbonization was taken place at 600 °C and chemical activation by mixing with ZnCl2. The produced activated carbon has a surface area is 1858.42 m2/g. The adsorption capacity acquired from experimental data of VOCs were range from 638 to 1114 µg/g for AC-KN, respectively. The removal capacity of produced activated carbon was investigated in a batch reactor. Also, Freundlich and Langmuir’s isotherms were applied in the study. Accordingly, the experimental data were found compatible with both and a hybrid structure that the formaldehyde and BTEX adsorption by AC-KN was better fitted into the Freundlich model. Overall, the study showed that the produced AC-KN from the Aesculus hippocastanum L. biomass has a perfect potential in the removal of the formaldehyde and BTEX from indoor air.
Production of activated carbon by lithium activation and determination of hydrogen storage capacity
(2023-11-01) Çetingürbüz E.; Turkyilmaz A.
Production of Aluminum Matrix Composite Material by Active Carbon Additive
(2021-10-01) Eisay A.M.S.; Turkyilmaz A.
The effectiveness of composite materials with the addition of activated carbon produced from biomaterial with a new application on aluminum-based composite materials was investigated in this study. Activated carbon was produced from the peanut shells via the chemical activation method and the obtained activated carbon was mixed with aluminum and composite material. For the characterization of the composite material obtained, XRD and SEM–EDS optical photographs were assessed in the experimental process. According to Vickers Hardness and Dynamic Micro Hardness results, the sample with the hardness value of 2% AC added had the highest hardness value. The value of the elastic modulus was found to be 9.59GPa with an increase of 3.4 times compared to aluminum with 2% activated carbon addition. This increases with activated carbon quantity, and weakens the composite structure due to weak van der waals interaction with aluminum, which reduces hardness; therefore, the best ratio of the activated carbon reinforcement to the aluminum matrix was obtained at 2% activated carbon addition.
Simultaneous adsorption of selected VOCs in the gas environment by low-cost adsorbent from Ricinus communis
(2022-12-01) Isinkaralar K.; Turkyilmaz A.
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes are commonly known as (BTEX) and include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air. Exposure to some BTEX has been associated with health risks. This study aimed to reduce BTEX on the environment and human health dramatically. This research targeted decreasing the BTEX in an air environment by producing high surface area activated carbon (KA-AC) under optimized synthesis conditions from Ricinus communis as lignocellulosic waste using ZnCl2 solution, respectively. The influence of several activation parameters was investigated on the surface area, such as impregnation ratio, carbonization time, and carbonization temperature. The KA5-AC prepared under optimized conditions showed BET surface area and total pore volume of 1225 m2/g, and 0.72 cm3/g, respectively. The optimized synthesis conditions were as follows: 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 M impregnation ratio, 450–950 °C carbonization temperature, and 100 min carbonization time. The characteristics of the optimized KA-AC were analyzed using nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy, and pore structural analysis. The results confirmed that the VOCs adsorption on KA-AC followed a monolayer adsorption isotherm over a homogeneous adsorbent surface. It showed the removal efficiency of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m, p-xylene (R2 = from 0.991 to 0.997). Moreover, the KA-AC exhibited good performance without considerable loss of efficacy throughout the experiments. Accordingly, it is concluded that developing low-cost activated carbon to use BTEX vapor adsorption research could be practical and developments to overcome for utilization in air pollution control.
The change of Cr and Mn concentrations in selected plants in Samsun city center depending on traffic density
(2022-01-01) Karacocuk T.; Sevik H.; Isinkaralar K.; Turkyilmaz A.; Cetin M.
In recent years, air pollution has increased significantly due to anthropogenic factors and has become a global problem. Heavy metals in air pollution components; it is of particular importance because they are not easily degraded and disappeared in nature, bioaccumulation in living bodies, some of them can be toxic, toxic or carcinogenic even at low concentrations and even those necessary for living bodies can be harmful at high concentrations. Therefore, monitoring the concentrations of heavy metals in the air is of great importance for human and environmental health. Biomonitoring is the most suitable method for monitoring the concentration of heavy metals. Plants that can accumulate heavy metals in different organs are suitable biomonitors. However, the most appropriate type and organ for monitoring each heavy metal must be determined separately. In this study, the changes in the concentrations of the elements Cr and Mn in Robinia pseudoacacia, Platanus orientalis, Acer negundo, Ulmus minor and Nerium oleander species were determined by the individuals who grow in areas where there is no traffic, less and dense. The Cr and Mn concentrations in the leaves, bark and wood of the species subject to the study were evaluated. Within the scope of the study, the washing process was also applied to the leaves and shells and the effect of the washing process was tried to be determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that the concentrations of each element in different species vary depending on the traffic density and this change can vary greatly on the basis of element and species.
The potential of using Cedrus atlantica as a biomonitor in the concentrations of Cr and Mn
(2021-10-01) Savas D.S.; Sevik H.; Isinkaralar K.; Turkyilmaz A.; Cetin M.
Air pollution is becoming increasingly dangerous which is quite a significant issue of today’s world, especially air pollution from heavy metal, whose emission increases with industrial and traffic activities. This is of great importance in terms of environmental pollution and human health. Heavy metals do not deteriorate and disappear easily on earth. They are liable to bioaccumulate within cells in organisms. Most of them demonstrate harmful effects in addition as a result of advanced accumulation, and thus they emerge as toxic and carcinogenic. Therefore, it is of great importance to observe the changes in heavy metal concentrations in the air. One of the most effective techniques for monitoring the change of heavy metal concentrations in the atmosphere is the use of annual rings of trees as biomonitors. In this study, in the annual rings of the Cedrus atlantica Manetti tree cut at the Kastamonu province at the end of 2019, the variation of the concentrations of some of the heavy metals most associated with traffic density was tried to be determined. Within the scope of the study, Cr and Mn concentration in the outer bark and the inner bark was compared with the direction and wood for the variation of heavy metal concentrations. Also, variance analysis and Duncan test were applied and evaluated. As a result of the study, while the highest values in many heavy metals are generally obtained in the outer bark, the transfer of metals in the wood is limited, and some heavy metal concentrations change significantly depending on the direction, especially in the wood. This change is related to the traffic density, so Cedrus atlantica Manetti annual rings are very suitable as biomonitors for air pollution control.
The use of perennial needles as biomonitors for recently accumulated heavy metals
(2018-01-01) Turkyilmaz A.; Sevik H.; Cetin M.
The measurement of heavy metal concentrations in plants is important both for determining their ability to remove these pollutants from the air to increase its quality, and for the monitoring of air quality. Previous studies have mostly focused on the use of annual leaves of broadleaved species as biomonitors. In this study, the aim was to determine the heavy metal accumulation of the perennial needles of some conifers. In almost all the species studied, concentrations of heavy metals were found to increase with the age of the tree, but this increase was not linear. There were significant differences between the species in terms of heavy metal accumulation. The highest concentrations were for Fe in Pinus nigra, Zn in Picea pungens, Pb in Pinus sylvestris, and for all the other heavy metals in Abies bornmülleriana. This study indicates that A. bornmülleriana is particularly useful as a biomonitor for many heavy metals, and also has the potential to remove heavy metals from the air.
Use of tree rings as a bioindicator to observe atmospheric heavy metal deposition
(2019-02-20) Turkyilmaz A.; Sevik H.; Isinkaralar K.; Cetin M.
Trees can be used as good indicators to evaluate the increase in atmospheric heavy metal concentrations. In the last two decades, air pollution in the city of Ankara has rapidly increased with the ever-increasing traffic density. In the present study, the depositions of aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chrome (Cr), cadmium (Cd), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), barium (Ba), phosphor (P), magnesium (Mg), arsenic (As), and boron (B) in the rings of oak trees were analyzed using a GBC Integra XL–SDS-270 ICP-OES device. The study found that heavy metal concentrations in tree rings varied over the past 20 years; furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the heavy metal concentrations in tree rings and the atmospheric heavy metal concentrations. There was an increase in the concentrations of nutritional elements (Na, P, and Mg) in 2010 when there was excessive precipitation. As a result, the concentrations of all elements in the woods of different ages were significantly different at a confidence interval of 95% for As, 99% for Cd, and 99.9% for other elements.
Using Acer platanoides annual rings to monitor the amount of heavy metals accumulated in air
(2018-10-01) Turkyilmaz A.; Sevik H.; Isinkaralar K.; Cetin M.
Annual rings are good indicators for determining the increase in the amount of heavy metals in the atmosphere from past to the present. Air pollution has rapidly increased in Ankara over the past 20 years. In particular, there is a serious increase in the concentration of heavy metals that adversely affect human health. In this study, the accumulation of Al, Zn, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cd, Na, Ca, Ba, P, Mg, As, and B on Acer platanoides rings has been determined using the GBC Integra XL-SDS-270 ICP-OES instrument. Based on our experimental findings, we determined that the concentration of heavy metals accumulated on the rings over the past 20 years varied and that there was a significant correlation between heavy metal concentration in air and heavy metal accumulation on trees. The main reasons for this increase were an increase in the amount of exhaust emission gases and most importantly the transport of heavy metals by the prevailing winds from heavy industrial plants established after 1990 in Ankara. As a result, when the values were examined, we found that except for Na, all the elements, which showed differences at statistically significant levels, were in considerably high quantities in the bark. On average, the values obtained for bark were 6 times higher than those obtained for wood. In terms of elements that showed statistically significant level of differences, this difference was the lowest in P (1.61 times higher), Mg (2.52 times higher), and B (3.94 times higher) and the highest in Mn (23.87 times higher), Al (22.0 times higher), and Fe (14.27 times higher). In the case of Na, we found that the value obtained for wood was 1.64 times higher than that obtained for bark.
Variation of heavy metal accumulation in certain landscaping plants due to traffic density
(2020-03-01) Turkyilmaz A.; Cetin M.; Sevik H.; Isinkaralar K.; Saleh E.A.A.
Air pollution is one of the biggest problems of urban environments today. Heavy metals are particularly important in terms of components that pollute the air. This is due to the reason that heavy metals can stay in nature for a long time without being disintegrated, and their concentration in the environment is constantly increasing. They also tend to bioaccumulate. Therefore, determination of the heavy metal concentration is crucial for identifying high-risk areas and the level of risk. Plants are generally used as biomonitors for determining heavy metal concentration in the air. Determination of heavy metal concentrations in plants is crucial in determining the ability of plants to remove heavy metals from the air, and thus being used as a means of increasing air quality, as well as monitoring air quality. The aim of this study was to determine the variation of different heavy metal concentrations depending on traffic density in certain landscape plants collected from areas where traffic density is at different levels. For this purpose, leaf samples of Salix babylonica, Robinia pseudoacacia, Sophora japonica, and Aesculus hippocastanum, which are frequently used in landscaping studies, were collected from individuals where there was dense traffic, less dense traffic, and almost no traffic, and the quantities of Pb, Cu, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Zn were determined by heavy metal analysis. Based on the results, the highest mean values of Cd, Ni, and Zn were found in S. babylonica, highest mean values of Pb and Mn were found in A. hippocastanum, and those of other elements were found in S. japonica. In areas with a high traffic density; the highest values of Cd, Ni and Zn were found in S. babylonica and the highest values of Cu, Mg, Cr, Fe and Mn were found in S. japonica. In areas with high traffic density, only the highest value of Pb was found in A. hippocastanum and the highest value of Ca was found in R. pseudoacacia. Based on these results, it can be concluded that S. babylonica and S. japonica are good bioindicators.