Browsing by Author "Turfan N."

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Age-related changes of some chemical components in the leaves of oriental beech (fagus orientalis lipsky.)
(2019-12-01) Turfan N.; Ayan S.; Yer E.N.; Özel H.B.
Background and Purpose: This study presents the analysis of photosynthetic pigments, proline, total soluble protein, total amino acids, glucose, sucrose, total soluble sugars, total amount of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in the leaf samples collected from oriental beech trees, which are naturally spread in Kastamonu Province, Turkey, with differing ages, enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Material and Methods: The research was carried out on oriental beech trees (Fagus orientalis L.) of different ages located at 1300 m high elevation in Ahlat Village of Kastamonu Province, Turkey. Oriental beech trees of different ages (≥25, ≥50, ≥100, ≥200 and ≥600 years-old) constituted the material of this study. In leaf samples taken from trees of different ages, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid), proline, total soluble protein, total amino acid, glucose, sucrose, total soluble sugars, the amount of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, MDA, H2O2 concentration, enzyme activities of APX, CAT and SOD, as well as the relationship between the total content of C, N and H elements and the tree ages were studied. Results: As a result of the research conducted, significant differences were determined in terms of chlorophyll, total phenolic compound, flavonoid, glucose, amounts of sucrose, nitrogenous compounds, proline, total soluble protein, MDA, H2O2 concentrations, and the activities of APX, CAT and SOD in the leaves of oriental beech trees with differing ages. The highest content of chlorophyll a was found to be in the youngest age group of ≥25 years. Total chlorophyll is low in young trees and high in middle-aged, old and very old trees. According to the results obtained, it was concluded that the MDA and H2O2 concentrations in the trees did not vary depending on the age of trees only, but also on the genotype, environmental conditions and metabolic activities. It was concluded that the fact that the total chlorophyll, phenolic compounds and sucrose content in oriental beech trees are high and that MDA content is low could have an influence on the long life of ≥600 years-old oriental beech trees. Conclusions: The activity of photosynthesis is related to leaf characteristics more than the age of trees.
Age-related changes of some chemical components in the leaves of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)
(2020-05-01) Turfan N.; Ayan S.; Celik E.N.Y.; Ozel H.B.; Onat S.M.
The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental physiology of sweet chestnut trees (Castanea sativa Mill.) of different age groups (≥ 25, ≥ 50, ≥ 100, ≥ 200, and ≥ 400) in the Catalzeytin district of Kastamonu, Turkey. For this purpose, photosynthetic pigments, proline, total soluble protein, glucose, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrate and starch values, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, and also ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured in leaf samples. Hence, significant differences were found in the amounts and concentrations of all types of chlorophyll, carotenoid, proline, total soluble protein, glucose, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrate, starches, MDA, H2O2, APX, CAT, and SOD among the trees of different age groups. While the chlorophyll a value was low in young trees, the chlorophyll b value was low in older trees. It was determined that the MDA content was high in old trees, whereas it was low in young trees. While the amounts of glucose, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrate, and starch were highest in ≥ 400-year-old trees, they were lowest in the young trees. Both APX and CAT activities were high in young trees, whereas SOD activity was lowest in ≥ 400-year-old trees.
ANTIOXIDANT VARIABILITY OF THE SEEDS IN CORE AND MARGINAL POPULATIONS OF TAURUS CEDAR (Cedrus libani A. Rich.)
(2018-01-01) Ayan S.; Turfan N.; Yer E.N.; Šeho M.; Özel H.B.; Ducci F.
Genetic diversity is the basis for adaptation and survival of tree species under changing environmental conditions, representing the key issue of stability and productivity of forest ecosystems. In this study, core and marginal populations of Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) were investigated due to their importance in gene conservation. Assessment of genetic diversity in isolated populations is of great importance for the conservation and improvement programs. Under global climate change conditions, they may possess genotypes of future adaptive potential. The aim of this study is to determine the amount of proline to understand water deficiency stress of the population, total soluble proteins, MDA, H 2 O 2 , α-amylase, the variability of antioxidant as CAT, SOD, APX and GuPX of Taurus Cedar seeds fromfive core populations (Kahramanmaraş-Andırın/Elmadağı (AND), Adana-Pozantı/ Pozantı (POZ), Mersin-Anamur/Abanoz (ANA), Antalya-Finike/Aykırıçay (FIN) and Antalya-Kaş/Karaçay (KAS)) and one marginal provenance (Amasya-Tokat-Niksar/Çatalan (NIK)) in Turkey. According to the results, a significant difference was detected between populations. Significantly higher amounts of proline were detected for ANA (7,46 µmol/g) and POZ (7,22 µmol/g) populations, whereas the lowest amounts of proline were detected in KAS (3,98 µmol/g) population, which represent the optimal distribution of Taurus cedar. This finding indicates that POZ and ANA populations, in the transition zone from Mediterranean region to steppe territory, are more resistant to the frost, than the other populations. The highest α-amilase enzyme amount was detected in POZ population, growing in the optimum range for Taurus cedar. Significantly higher levels of H 2 O 2 were detected in NIK (11,97 µmol/g) and ANA (11,60 µmol/g). This is an indication of higher levels of oxidative stress in the seed samples of these populations. With the present research it’s verified that, enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GuPX and APX, controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in plant cells, are the elements of the antioxidant defence system functioning as protective mechanisms for plants against stress conditions. From the practical point of view, improvement in afforestation performance can be achieved on the steppe of Central Anatolia Region holding the potential afforestation areas of Turkey, through use of forest reproductive materials from POZ and ANA stands with their higher resistance against stress, and NIK as an isolated and marginal population.
Comparison of Bulb Yield, Some Bioactive Compound and Elemental Profile of Taşköprü Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Grown in Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions
(2022-05-01) Turfan N.
Taşköprü garlic, which is among the Geographical Indications of Turkey, is one of the important sources of income for the people in the Kastamonu region. It (Allium sativum L.) has become an indispensable food in the kitchen with taste, a high peculiar pungent smell, a specific colour, flavon enhancing molecules. Also, it has been used for medicinal purposes due to having antioxidant capacity, sulphur compounds, and minerals. Moreover, it can preserve its superior properties for a long time due to its high dry matter compared to other garlic genotypes. This study was conducted to reveal the yield, storage duration, and nutritional elements of Taşköprü garlic bulbs grown in an open field (OF-TD; OF-KUC) and greenhouse conditions (GH-TD; GH-KUC) as well as to determine how some bioactive components including pigment, secondary metabolites, nitrogenous compound, simple reduced sugar, pyruvic acid, lipid peroxidation (MDA-malondialdehyde) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), vary according to the growing environment in both cloves and fresh leaves. The results revealed that there were significant differences in the effects of habitat on all the parameters investigated (p<0.001). For instance, while nitrogenous compounds are high in OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, OF-TD and GH-TD showed enrichment in pigment, pyruvate, glucose and secondary metabolites in the fresh leaves. In the cloves, while pigments and secondary metabolites content were found to be higher in OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, the content of nitrogenous compounds, pyruvate and carbon were higher in OF-TD and GHTD samples. In terms of nutrients, the GH-KUC cloves were rich in K and P, while OF-TD samples were rich in N, Mg, S, and Si, and OF-KUC samples were the richest group in Ca, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu and Se. In terms of bulb yield and storage properties, the highest values were noted with OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, and the lowest values of them were recorded with GH-TD samples. As a result, considering the first two highest values of the parameters analyzed in garlic samples, the OF-KUC and the OF-TD samples had the maximum values, but the GH-TD samples showed the lowest value. It can be concluded that by cultivating garlic in greenhouses, fresh green leaves with high nutritional value can be provided to the consumer at all seasons and products with high nutritional value, as well as products with a storage process / long shelf life can be obtained as in plants obtained from open areas.
Comparison of Bulb Yield, Some Bioactive Compound and Elemental Profile of Taşköprü Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Grown in Greenhouse and Open Field Conditions
(2022-05-01) Turfan N.; Turfan, N
Taşköprü garlic, which is among the Geographical Indications of Turkey, is one of the important sources of income for the people in the Kastamonu region. It (Allium sativum L.) has become an indispensable food in the kitchen with taste, a high peculiar pungent smell, a specific colour, flavon enhancing molecules. Also, it has been used for medicinal purposes due to having antioxidant capacity, sulphur compounds, and minerals. Moreover, it can preserve its superior properties for a long time due to its high dry matter compared to other garlic genotypes. This study was conducted to reveal the yield, storage duration, and nutritional elements of Taşköprü garlic bulbs grown in an open field (OF-TD; OF-KUC) and greenhouse conditions (GH-TD; GH-KUC) as well as to determine how some bioactive components including pigment, secondary metabolites, nitrogenous compound, simple reduced sugar, pyruvic acid, lipid peroxidation (MDA-malondialdehyde) and H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), vary according to the growing environment in both cloves and fresh leaves. The results revealed that there were significant differences in the effects of habitat on all the parameters investigated (p<0.001). For instance, while nitrogenous compounds are high in OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, OF-TD and GH-TD showed enrichment in pigment, pyruvate, glucose and secondary metabolites in the fresh leaves. In the cloves, while pigments and secondary metabolites content were found to be higher in OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, the content of nitrogenous compounds, pyruvate and carbon were higher in OF-TD and GHTD samples. In terms of nutrients, the GH-KUC cloves were rich in K and P, while OF-TD samples were rich in N, Mg, S, and Si, and OF-KUC samples were the richest group in Ca, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu and Se. In terms of bulb yield and storage properties, the highest values were noted with OF-KUC and GH-KUC samples, and the lowest values of them were recorded with GH-TD samples. As a result, considering the first two highest values of the parameters analyzed in garlic samples, the OF-KUC and the OF-TD samples had the maximum values, but the GH-TD samples showed the lowest value. It can be concluded that by cultivating garlic in greenhouses, fresh green leaves with high nutritional value can be provided to the consumer at all seasons and products with high nutritional value, as well as products with a storage process / long shelf life can be obtained as in plants obtained from open areas.
Determination of nutritional and bioactive properties in some selected wild growing and cultivated mushrooms from Turkey
(2018-01-01) Turfan N.; Pekşen A.; Kibar B.; Ünal S.
This study aimed determining the contents of soluble protein, free amino acid, phenolic, flavonoid, soluble carbohydrate, sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) and elements in selected wild growing and cultivated mushroom species collected from various locations of Turkey. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for the contents of total free amino acid, soluble protein, phenolic, flavonoid, soluble carbohydrate and sugars. The total free amino acid, soluble protein, phenolic, flavonoid and soluble carbohydrate contents of mushrooms ranged from 33.57–126.57 mg g–1, 2.77–7.55 mg g–1, 28.68–157.39 mg g–1, 8.55– 30.66 mg g–1 and 59.89–343.55 mg g–1, respectively. Elemental analysis showed that mushrooms contained significant amounts of potassium (1345.07–9310.17 mg kg–1), phosphorus (1462.44–6159.45 mg kg–1), calcium (18.78–349.15 mg kg–1), sulphur (952.41–12486.63 mg kg–1), iron (80.62–606.26 mg kg–1), manganese (22.65–147.57 mg kg–1), zinc (103.26–522.81 mg kg–1) and selenium (0–115.40 mg kg–1). Nutritient composition varied with mushroom species. The means of total soluble protein, total phenolic, total flavonoid, potassium, phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, sodium, iron, calcium, manganese, selenium, zinc and copper contents in wild growing mushrooms were found higher than cultivated mushrooms.
Determination of radioactivity levels in different mushroom species from Turkey
(2021-01-01) Pekşen A.; Kurnaz A.; Turfan N.; Kıbar B.
Radioactivity in the environment occurs due to natural, terrestrial, extra-terrestrial factors or caused by human activity. Foodstuffs such as plants and mushrooms that grown in the soil which containing radioactive elements can absorb radioactive elements from the soil. Wild mushrooms can accumulate many types of toxicological, nutritional, and radioactive elements. Knowing the levels of radioactivity in the foodstuffs is of great importance for the protection of human health. In this study, the activity concentrations of the naturally occurring 238U, 232Th, 40K nuclides and artificially occurring 137Cs nuclide were determined and annual effective doses and excess lifetime cancer risk values were calculated in mushrooms commonly consumed by the Turkish people. Fifteen types of mushroom samples were collected from different locations of Turkey. The results showed that the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs varied from 9.2±1.6 to 75.4±8.8 Bq kg-1, 10.9±1.6 to 76.3±8.9 Bq kg-1, 925.9±29.0 to 3848.0±73.2 Bq kg-1 and 6.1±1.1 to 2824.8±79.8 Bq kg-1, respectively. The mean total annual effective dose was found to be 11.5 µSv y-1. 40K radionuclide was the highest contributor to the mean total annual effective dose as 5.35 µSv y-1. The mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) caused by consumption of mushrooms in the study was determined as 4.6 × 10-5.
Effect of tree age on chemical compounds of ancient anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) needles in Northwest Turkey
(2018-06-01) Turfan N.; Alay M.; Sariyildiz T.
Plant primary and secondary metabolites are chemical compounds synthesized for essential functions, such as growth and development (primary metabolites), and specific functions, such as pollinator attraction or defense against herbivory (secondary metabolites). Their concentrations in plants are genetically determined, but are also affected by environmental factors. Among these factors, plant age has been reported to influence plant chemical compounds under similar environmental conditions. We aimed to investigate the chemical compounds of ancient Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) needles from trees of different ages. Needles of over 500-, 200-, 100-, 50-, and 25-year-old black pine trees growing under similar environmental conditions were sampled and analyzed for photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids), proline, total soluble protein, glucose, sucrose, total soluble sugar, peroxidation level (MDA-malondialdehyde), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and antioxidants such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), cata-lase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Significant differences for chemical composition associated with age were found. In general, results showed that over 500-year-old Anatolian black pine had the highest proline, total soluble protein, H2O2, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrates, APX, CAT and SOD concentrations, whereas they had the lowest chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, total carotenoid and glucose concentrations. However, 200-year-old trees had the highest glucose, but the lowest chlorophyll b, proline, H2O2 and total soluble carbohydrates. 50-and 25-year-old trees together showed the highest chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, total carotenoid and MDA, but lowest total soluble protein and sucrose. In conclusion, these results provide valuable insight into the chemical composition of Anatolian black pine needles in relation to their age, and can be used for complementing studies on tree growth-defence relationships.
Effects of Melatonin Applications on Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) Afforestation Performance in Semi-Arid Areas
(2023-01-01) Çelik E.N.Y.; Ayan S.; Özel H.B.; Turfan N.; Yer B.M.; Abdaloğlu G.
Melatonin, a substantial hormone, is a natural antioxidant agent that functions as a protector against the harmful effects of free radicals. Studies have found that "exogenous melatonin" applications have a positive effect on the growth and development of plants. This study investigated the adaptation of the seedlings that were transported from the nursery to the afforestation site for the process of planting. In 2019 the 2+0 aged bare-rooted Kastamonu/Taşköprü Anatolian Black pine seedlings, which are suitable for planting in semi-arid areas, were selected as research materials. Four different doses of “exogenous melatonin" (250, 500, 1000, and 1500 μM) were administered through two different methods (root-dipping and needle-spraying). Morphological seedling characteristics and bioactive chemical variables were measured for the control group and the seedlings treated with different doses of melatonin. Antioxidant enzyme activities were identified. When both the needle-spraying and root-dipping methods for melatonin application were evaluated in terms of morphological and biochemical variables, the best results were determined in low doses (250 to 500 μM). The results suggest that melatonin provides support to the metabolic process for the resistance of seedlings to low temperatures and semi-arid climatic conditions.
Heavy metal contamination and health risk evaluation of chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) consumed in Turkey
(2022-01-01) Turhan Ş.; Turfan N.; Kurnaz A.
This study was performed to determine heavy metals and metalloids in twenty-eight chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) samples consumed in Turkey by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and evaluate health risks for humans through the consumption of chestnut samples. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni and Zn analyzed in chestnut samples varied from 537 to 635, 608 to 5333, 347 to 972, 207 to 8619, 12,739 to 86,310, 278 to 7549, 8676 to 67,622, 1068 to 18,661 and 3625 to 12,876 µg/kg (dry weight), respectively. The concentrations of Cd and Pb were above the maximum limits determined by the Turkish Food Codex. Healthy risks caused by the heavy metals in the consumed chestnut samples were evaluated by estimating the average daily intake of metal, health risk index (HRI), and total HRI. These results revealed that there is no possible health risk to consumers due to the intake of chestnut samples studied under the current consumption rate.
Investigation of Foliar L-Glutamic Application on the Resistance to the Capacity of the SC2121 Tomato Variety (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to Long-Term Salinity Stress
(2023-01-01) Turfan N.; Düzel Ö.
Investigation of Some of the Bioactive Chemicals and the Elemental Profile of Monumental Plane Trees in the Abana-Harmason Region
(2022-02-01) Alay M.; Turfan N.
This study aimed to conduct an ecophysiological investigation of monumental plane trees (Platanus orientalis L.) located in the Abana district of Kastamonu province. To this end, we measured the amounts of some bioactive chemicals in the leaves of the trees and young plane trees in the immediate vicinity, in addition to enzyme activities and nutrient contents. The data show that the oldest trees have the highest contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment, proline, and protein, in addition to APX activity, and that the contents of glucose and pyruvic acid, in addition to the chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b ratio and CAT and SOD activities are higher in young trees. K, P, S, Cl, Zn, Ni, and Cu ions show the highest value in monumental trees, but Mg, Ca, Na, Si, and Fe show the highest value in young trees. The results show that photosynthetic pigments, proline, protein, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), sucrose, and K, P, S, Cl, Zn, and Cu have had a positive effect on the growth physiology of monumental plane trees. The findings indicate that understanding the ecophysiology of plane trees may help in ensuring the long-term and damage-free survival of these trees.
Nutrient and bioactive substance contents of edible plants grown naturally in Salipazari (Samsun)
(2020-01-01) Demir E.; Turfan N.; Özer H.; Üstün N.Ş.; Pekşen A.
This study was carried out for the determination of nutrient and bioactive substance contents of edible wild plants consumed as vegetables in Samsun's Salıpazarı district during September 2014 and August 2016 period. In the selected villages from identified locations, 11 species that naturally grow and are consumed as vegetables such as Alcea apterocarpa Boiss., Rumex crispus L., Urtica dioica L., Trachystemon orientalis L., Oenanthe pimpinelloides L., Smilax excelsa L., Capsella bursa-pastoris L., Aegopodium podagraria L., Arum italicum Miller, Ornithogalum sigmoideum Freyn et. Sint. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. have been identified. Protein, proline, free amino acid, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lipid peroxidation level (MDA), glucose, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrate, chlorophyll, total carotenoids, β-carotene, lycopene, flavonoids, and anthocyanins contents of these plants were determined as 32.79–106.40 mg/g dry weight (DW), 5.71–47.66 µmol/g DW, 29.62–61.75 µg/g DW, 82.75–240.06 IU/mg protein, 106.36–531.05 µmol/g DW, 31.96–87.24 mg/100 g DW, 10.97–25.49 mg/100 g DW, 174.3–422.2 mg/100 g DW, 7.79–25.96 mg/100 g DW, 102.01–436.93 µg/100 g DW, 115.86–459.64 µg/100 g DW, 6.38–30.28 mg/100 g DW and 10.17–21.52 mg/100 g DW, respectively. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that there were signiﬁcant differences (P < 0.01) in terms of all parameters examined among species.
Role of storage on quality, nutritional and biochemical properties of garlic bulbs grown depending on different fertilizer applications
(2023-01-01) Turfan N.; Kibar B.; Kibar H.
The effect of magnetic field applications to chemical content of stratified seeds of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis lipsky.)
(2017-07-01) Turfan N.; Yer E.; Ayan S.
The effects of magnetic field (MF) applied with cold-wet pre-treatment on the chemical components of the oriental beech seeds with physiological deep dormancy are researched in this study. The seeds were subjected to various MF application periods (20, 60 and 120 min) and different MF intensities (200 and 400 mT). Total soluble protein, lipid peroxidation level (malondialdehyde- MDA), total soluble sugars and starch quantities as well as antioxidants such as CAT, SOD, APX and GuPX and α-amylase activity of the seeds were examined. MF application affected protein, lipid, α-amylase and sucrose values positive, starch, glucose and fructose values of the seed negatively. Furthermore, MF applications were found to have an increasing effect on CAT and SOD enzyme activities while having reducing effect on APX and GuPX antioxidant enzymes. It was reached to the conclusion that magnetic field application processes with 400 mT intensity generally increase the seed physiology parameters.
THE EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS MELATONIN APPLICATION ON GROWTH RATE PARAMETERS AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF SOME SPINACH CULTIVARS (SPINACIA OLERACEA L.) GROWN UNDER WINTER CONDITIONS
(2023-01-01) Turfan N.
The present study was carried out in order to reveal the effects of exogen melatonin (50MT: 50 µM-100 MT: 100 µM) treatment on the growth rate characteristic and bioactive compound content variations of three spinach cultivars (Acosta-ACO; Anlani-ANL, and Matador-MTR, respectively) grown under cold conditions. While MTR was the richest variety in terms of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content, ANL was the richest variety in terms of Chl a to Chl b ratio, and xanthophyll content. Ascorbic acid and protein concentration were stimulated by MT in all three variants, but ANL had the highest value. While the proline content of cultivars decreased with only 50 MT in ACO when compared to the control, GB content decreased in MT doses. RWC increased with MT in ANL, whereas it caused to a decrease in RWC of 100 MT in ACO and 50 MT in MTR. MDA concentration was at a lower level and decreased only in ACO with 50 MT when compared to the control, while the H2O2 concentration was higher at MT doses in all three species. MT treatment stimulated SOD activity in ACO and ANL and increased POD activity in all three variants. Considering the growth characteristics such as root/stem length, leaf characteristics, and biomass, exogenous MT doses had positive effects on all three cultivars. These findings suggest that foliar MT treatment can attenuate cold damage by enhancing the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity of spinach seedlings, as well as the growth rate.