Browsing by Author "Topacoglu O."

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Effect of rooting hormones on the rooting capability of Ficus benjamina L. cuttings
(2016-01-01) Topacoglu O.; Sevik H.; Guney K.; Unal C.; Akkuzu E.; Sivacioglu A.
Vegetative production techniques, of which cutting method widely used in propagation of ornamental plants, have a crucial role for conserving the plant genetic sources. On rooting development of stem cuttings, cutting position, rooting medium and rooting hormone are some of the critical factors that affect the success. The primary objective of this study is to determine the best hormone doses and ideal rooting medium on Ficus benjamina L. stem cuttings. Conventionally, the most frequently vegetative propagation method is the rooting of the stem cuttings in various media such as, pearlite, peat, sand, through exposure to high-concentration rooting hormones (IBA, IAA, NAA, etc.). But, this conventional technique requires wide areas in the rooting stage of mass production, prevents monitoring the course of rooting, and necessitates large amount of materials used as hormones and rooting media. In this study, a new method that may be preferable in mass production of plants was tested. 39 different treatments were carried out, and their results were evaluated. Sand, and perlite were used as solid rooting media. Stem cuttings were kept in low-concentration hormones permanently after cutting (liquid medium). In this way, their rooting capability were examined. Rooting trials were conducted before stem cuttings were taken to solid rooting media. As conclusions, the highest rooting ratio were obtained for 10 ppm of NAA (94.43%) and 100 ppm of IBA (93.9%) in liquid media. Moreover, the highest root length and the average root length were quite low in liquid media.
Effects of water stress on germination of Pinus nigra Arnold. seeds
(2016-04-01) Topacoglu O.; Sevik H.; Akkuzu E.
Climate change, global warming and the deterioration of related environmental conditions cause an important problem for forest tree species. For this reason, it is necessary to determine the response of trees to these conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of water stress on seed germination of fifteen Pinus nigra Arnold. provenances in Turkey. For this purpose, the water stresses between 0 and -8.0 bars were obtained using polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) solutions. Seeds were kept for 35 days at 20 ± 0.5°C. In this study, significant variations between the provenances were found. Ankara Uluhan (% 95, 08) and Isparta Tota (% 85, 41) provenances at -8.0 bars having the highest cumulative germination percentages were the most resistant provenances against the water stress. This study has shown that the water stress reduced the germination speed, germination percentage and germination value.
Environmental modelling of forest vegetation zones as a support tool for sustainable management of central european spruce forests
(2018-01-01) Machar I.; Vlckova V.; Salek L.; Pechanec V.; Nowak A.; Nowak S.; Plasek V.; Svajda J.; Oprsal Z.; Topacoglu O.
The impact of climate change on forest ecosystems may manifest itself by a shift in forest vegetation zones in the landscape northward and into higher elevations. Studies of climate change-induced vegetation zone shifts in forest ecosystems have been relatively rare in the context of European temperate zone (apart from Alpine regions). The presented paper outlines the results of a biogeographic model of climatic conditions in forest vegetation zones applied in the Central European landscape. The objective of the study is a prediction of future silvicultural conditions for the Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), which is one of the principal tree species within European forests. The model is based on a general environmental dependence of forest vegetation zones on the long-term effect of altitudinal and exposure climates defined by the mean and extreme air temperatures and the amount and distribution of atmospheric precipitation. The climatological data for the model were provided by a validated regional climate database for 2010 - 2090 according to the SRES A1B scenario, bound to specific geo-referenced points in the landscape. The geobiocoenological data in the model were provided by the Biogeography Register database which contains ecological data on the landscape bound to individual cadastres of the entire Czech Republic. The biogeographic model applies special programs (the FORTRAN programming language) in the environment of geographic information systems. The model outputs can be clearly graphically visualized as scenarios of predicted future climatic conditions of landscape vegetation zones. Modelling of the regional scenario of changes in the climatic conditions of forest vegetation zones reveals that in the prediction period of 2070 and beyond, good and very good climatic conditions for the cultivation of forests with dominant Norway spruce will be found only in some parts of its today's native range in forest vegetation zones 5 - 8. Based on the results provided by the regional scenario, the authors of this paper recommend fundamental reassessment of the national strategy of sustainable forest management in the Czech Republic, stipulating that the current practice of spruce cultivation be reduced only to areas specifically defined by the biogeographic model. The paper shows that biogeographic models based on the concept of vegetation zoning can be applied not only in regional scenarios of climate change in the landscape but also as support tools for the creation of strategies of sustainable forest management.
Genetic diversity among populations in black pine (Pinus Nigra Arnold. Subsp. Pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) seed stands in Turkey
(2013-12-01) Topacoglu O.
Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) is one of the widespread and important forest tree species in Turkey. The stands of this species occupy roughly 4.2 million ha, which about 1.8 million ha of that are considered to be non productive forests. Anatolian Black Pine can be spread to the steppe regions in Anatolia. The semi-arid steppe regions are evaluated as potential afforestation areas. Actually, the seed demand for this species is mainly supplied from current 53 seed orchards and 79 seed stands. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variation in Anatolian Black Pine seed stands. The number of 12 morphological characters was measured and observed on juvenile seedling (root-collar diameter, percentage of germination and living, ratio of live to germination, hypocothyl length, cotyledon number, cotyledon length and width) and seedling (rootcollar diameter, epycotyl length, needle length and width) from 14 seed stands in Turkey. The obtained data was analyzed by ANOVA, Cluster and Duncan test. Cluster and ANOVA tests showed that there were significant differences within the Pinus nigra seed stands for the characters.
Initial responses of containerized black pine (Pinus nigra arnold) seedlings to leaf removal prior to out-planting
(2018-01-01) Kara F.; Topacoglu O.
The initial survival and growth of seedlings following out-planting affect the success of plantation activities. Due to transplanting shock, mortality is usually higher and the growth rate is lower in the first growing season following out-planting. In this study, the influence of leaf removal on the initial survival and growth of containerized black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) seedlings was observed. Thirty seedlings were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% removal of the existing needles. Height growth, root-collar diameter (RCD) growth, increase in dry stem mass and dry root mass, and mortality were observed during the first growing season following out-planting. All seedlings survived the first growing season. Removal of needles did not affect the height growth, RCD growth, or dry stem mass of the seedlings. However, there was a statistically significant relationship between the removal of needles and the dry root mass; the dry root mass increased with increasing removal of needles. The initial results show that better root development is associated with needle defoliation. However, long-term observations of the seedling responses are recommended.
Thorny shrubs limit the browsing pressure of large herbivores on tree regeneration in temperate lowland forested landscapes
(2019-07-01) Salek L.; Harmacek J.; Jerabkova L.; Topacoglu O.; Machar I.
Thorny shrubs are considered as an important driver in the natural development of temperate forest structures, particularly in European lowland forests. We assessed the current role of thorny shrubs in the regeneration of deciduous tree species under heavy browsing pressure in a central European temperate forested landscape. The study's military training area offered a unique opportunity to investigate the processes in which deciduous tree seedlings grew under thorny shrubs and in the close vicinity of thorny shrubs in a landscape with a high density of large herbivores (red deer and sika deer). We assessed the number of seedlings, species composition, seedling height, and degree of browsing damage, and their relationship to study plots elevation, thorny shrub species, coverage, and height. The regenerated tree seedlings were mostly detected as common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and wild cherry (Cerasus avium). The species of thorny shrubs were blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), hawthorn (Crataegus sp.), and wild rose (Rosa sp.). We found that the thorny shrubs protected the tree seedlings from browsers to a large extent. However, the effects of thorny shrubs on the tree seedlings' characteristics varied among the shrub species. While results revealed significant effects of hawthorn and wild rose on the tree seedlings' abundance and survival, blackthorn's negative effect of shading the tree seedlings outweighed its protective role. These results indicated a possible mechanism that enabled the regeneration of deciduous tree species under large herbivore pressure. These results can be applied in the landscape planning and forest management of deciduous tree regeneration and forest restoration in temperate forested lowland landscapes, where high densities of large herbivores (without the presence of large predators) usually occur.