Browsing by Author "Taştan Y."
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Scopus Comparison of Post-mortem Mass Changes in Myosin Heavy Chain and Textural Characteristics among Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1972), Salmo trutta fario (Linnaeus, 1758) and Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814)(2019-11-01) Çırak S.; Taştan Y.; Sönmez A.In this study, post-mortem myofibril proteins change in myosin heavy chain (MHC) mass using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), texture properties such as hardness, stickiness, cohesiveness, elasticity, chewiness, gumminess and stress relaxation test parameters (Fmax, Fmin and Fmax-Fmin) were determined and compared on the days 0, 3, 6 and 9 in three different trout species (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta fario and Salvelinus fontinalis). In terms of texture properties, post-mortem hardness, cohesiveness, elasticity, chewiness and gumminess were decreased day by day, whereas stickiness, Fmax, Fmin and Fmax-Fmin were significantly increased (p <.05). According to SDS-PAGE results, a decreased value on MHC was determined (p <.05). Texture properties and SDS-PAGE results were found different among groups (p <.05). Correlation between chewiness, gumminess, MHC and hardness; between chewiness and gumminess; between Fmin, Fmax-Fmin and Fmax; between Fmin and Fmax-Fmin were significant. As a result of the study, S. fontinalis exhibited least deterioration in comparison with other species and it was determined that SDS-PAGE results and texture properties support each other.Scopus Dietary flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil supplementation affects growth, oxidative stress, immune response, and diseases resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)(2023-07-01) Salem M.O.A.; Taştan Y.; Bilen S.; Terzi E.; Sönmez A.Y.This paper describes the effects of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil (FSO) as a feed additive on growth performance, oxidative stress, immunity, and disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Eight-hundred-and-forty rainbow trout individuals (mean weight: 25.66 ± 1.33 g) were fed with different doses of FSO (0.5, 1, and 1.5%) ad libitum two times a day for 9 weeks. At the end of the feeding, growth performance was evaluated and the fish were challenged with two different bacteria (Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas hydrophila). At the end of the 3rd, 6th, and 9th weeks, blood and tissue samples were taken from 9 fish per treatment to evaluate innate immune response, cytokine gene expression levels, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels, and digestive enzyme activities. Determination of haematological parameters and histological examination was also carried out to evaluate the general health status of the fish. Results showed that the final weight and specific growth rate of FSO-supplemented fish increased significantly (p < 0.05). FSO-supplemented fish showed higher resistance to Y. ruckeri than the control group (p < 0.05). However, survival rates of all groups in A. hydrophila challenge test were similar (p > 0.05). Among the investigated innate immune response parameters, the potential killing activity of phagocytes, myeloperoxidase activity, and lysozyme activity increased in the FSO-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). Almost all cytokine gene expression levels in the experimental groups up-regulated especially after 9 weeks of feeding in the head kidney and intestine (p < 0.05). Similarly, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were found to be significantly higher in the FSO group than in the control (p < 0.05) whereas, the lipid peroxidation levels drastically declined as a result of the FSO supplementation (p < 0.05). These results suggest that FSO can improve growth, enhance immune response, and lower oxidative damage in rainbow trout when supplemented at the rates of 0.5–1.5% for 9 weeks.Scopus Effects of black mustard (Brassica nigra) seed oil on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)(2022-01-01) Lakwani M.A.S.; Kenanoğlu O.N.; Taştan Y.; Bilen S.In the present study, effects of black mustard seed oil administration on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and immune response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated. Rainbow trout were fed with three different doses of black mustard seed oil at the rate of 0.5% (BM0.5), 1% (BM1) and 2% (BM2) along with a control with no supplementation (0%) for 60 days. On 30th and 60th day of the study, digestive enzyme activities and immune responses were examined. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance and survival against Aeromonas hydrophila infection were also recorded. Growth was positively affected in BM2 fish group, but it was not significantly different. Amylase and lipase levels were not altered compared with control at any sampling time. However, trypsin was increased in all experiential fish groups compared with control (p < 0.05). Pepsin level increased in BM2 fish group only on 60th day of the study (p < 0.05). Respiratory burst activity was significantly decreased in BM2 fish group at both the sampling times compared with control (p < 0.05). Potential killing activity was elevated in BM2 fish group on 30th day (p < 0.05). Lysozyme activity was enhanced in BM1 and BM2 fish groups on 30th day and BM0.5 and BM1 groups on 60th day compared with that of the control (p < 0.05). MPO increased significantly in BM1 and BM2 fish group on 30th day and in all experimental fish groups on 60th day of the study compared with that of the control. No changes in histology of different organs of fish groups were observed. The pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β gene expression in intestine of all treated fish groups was significantly upregulated on 30th day. Similarly, transcription of IL-8 and IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 cytokine genes was enhanced in intestine cells on 30th day. Similar enhanced levels of these genes were observed in head kidney cells of BM0.5 and BM1 fish groups. Survival against A. hydrophila infection increased insignificantly in all BM-treated groups. All these results indicated that supplementation of BM could elevate intestinal immunity in rainbow trout, and the dietary incorporation of BM at 1%–2% level for 30 days is encouraged.Scopus Effects of dietary Astragalus caudiculosus (Boiss & Huet, 1856) supplementation on growth, hematology, antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)(2022-03-01) Sönmez A.Y.; Bi̇len S.; Taştan Y.; Nezih Kenanoğlu O.; Terzi E.The potential dietary utilization of Astragalus caudiculosus (AC) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was investigated. Four different fish groups (control, AC1, AC2.5, and AC5) were assigned and received the AC-containing diet for 90 days at the rates of 0, 1, 2.5, and 5%, respectively. Results indicated that the growth performance of the AC supplemented fish improved significantly (P < 0.05). Among non-specific immune parameters examined, while lysozyme activity of the AC supplemented fish increased (P < 0.05), oxidative radical production decreased in AC1 and AC2.5 fish groups (P < 0.05) but did not differ in the AC5 group (P > 0.05) compared to the control. Moreover, myeloperoxidase activity was not affected by the AC supplementation (P > 0.05). All pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expressions, except IL-1β, were up-regulated, especially in the fish groups fed with 2.5 and 5% AC supplemented feed (P < 0.05). AC administration caused an elevation in GPx and G6PDH activities, and a decrease in SOD, CAT, and lipid peroxidation (P < 0.05). Overall, AC extract was found to improve the growth, antioxidant status, and immune response of the fish.Scopus Effects of Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa) extract on immune responses and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)(2021-06-01) Bilen S.; Ispir S.; Kenanoglu O.N.; Taştan Y.; Güney K.; Terzi E.This study investigated the effects of Greek juniper extract on immune responses of rainbow trout. In this experiment, 4 doses [0 (Control), 1 (J1), 4 (J4) and 8 (J8) mg/kg] of the extract were administered orally using an oral gavage twice a day for 14 days. Immune responses were measured on 7th and 14th days. On 14th day, Yersinia ruckeri was injected intraperitoneally to all fish of all groups. On 14th day, ORP in fish of J1 group increased significantly. Lysozyme activity (LA) was increased in J8 group on 7th day (p <.05). On 14th day, a significant decrease was determined in J1 and J4 treatments in LA. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly decreased in all groups irrespective of sampling times (p <.05). Interleukin (IL)-1β was significantly elevated in fish of J8 group on 7th day. IL-8 increased in fish of J8 and J4 groups on 7th day of the study. IL-12 gene expression was significantly up-regulated in J8 fish group on 7th day, and in J4 fish group on 14th day. Survival rate was higher in J8 treatment compared to the control and other treatments (p <.05). The results suggest that Juniperus excelsa provides protection against Y. ruckeri in rainbow trout.Scopus Effects of ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) extract on blood parameters, immune response, antioxidant enzyme activities, and growth performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)(2020-08-01) Elbesthi R.T.A.; Özdemir K.Y.; Taştan Y.; Bilen S.; Sönmez A.Y.In this study, we examined changes occurred in blood parameters, immune responses, antioxidant enzyme activities, and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) administered with ribwort plantain (RP) through feed. Fish (mean weight 36.56 ± 1.99 g) were fed a diet supplemented with an aqueous methanolic extract of RP at variable doses, 0 (control), 1 (RP1), 2 (RP2), and 3 g kg−1 (RP3) for 90 days. The final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were significantly increased in RP1, RP2, and RP3 treatment groups compared to that of the control. Among examined blood parameters, hemoglobin value in RP1 group (9.77 ± 0.10 g dl−1) only was significantly high on the 30th day of the study. When immune response parameters were evaluated, we observed that oxidative radical production and lysozyme activities were affected positively in experimental groups (P < 0.05). The highest oxidative radical production was determined in fish of RP3 group. Glutathione peroxidase and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase were increased in RP3 group compared to control and other treatment groups. Based on these results, it is concluded that ribwort plantain promotes growth, enhances immune responses and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout, and therefore, may be used in aquaculture.Scopus Effects of white mustard (Sinapis alba) oil on growth performance, immune response, blood parameters, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)(2022-12-01) Salem M.O.A.; Taştan Y.; Bilen S.; Terzi E.; Sönmez A.Y.A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of white mustard (Sinapis alba) oil (WMO) on growth performance, immune responses, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). For this purpose, fish (initial weight: 25.77 ± 0.13 g) were divided into four experimental groups in triplicate and fed ad libitum twice a day with diets containing WMO at 0 (control), 0.5, 1, and 1.5% of diet for 9 weeks. Three fish from each tank (n:9 per treatment) were sampled on 21st, 42nd, and 63rd days for further analyses. At the end of the feeding period, fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia ruckeri in two separate experimental setups. Results showed that final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were significantly increased in all experimental groups compared to the control. Feed conversion ratio was similar among treatments. Respiratory burst and potential killing activity decreased in all experimental groups compared to the control (P < 0.05). Lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities were elevated in all experimental groups at the end of the experiment compared to the control (P < 0.05). Cytokine gene expressions in the head kidney and intestine were elevated in all experimental groups compared to that of the control in general (P < 0.05). Hematological responses of the experimental fish groups were similar to that of the control (P > 0.05). Pepsin and trypsin levels decreased in all experimental groups (P < 0.05). In terms of antioxidant enzyme activities, significant improvement in liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione s-transferase activities in all treatment groups were determined (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant decline in liver lipid peroxidation levels was recorded in all treated groups at all sampling times compared to the control (P < 0.05). At the end of this feeding trial, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in survival against A. hydrophila among experimental groups compared to the control (P > 0.05). However, increased survival against Y. ruckeri was determined in experimental fish groups (P < 0.05). This study suggests that white mustard oil had a favorable effect on the overall health and growth of rainbow trout.Scopus Fusarium oxysporum causes black gill disease in narrow-clawed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus(2022-01-01) Taştan Y.; Çağatay İ.T.Morphological and molecular analyses were carried out to determine the causative agent of black gill disease in narrow-clawed crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus specimens collected from 6 lakes (Taşkısığı, Beyşehir, Karaidemir, Karataş, Manyas, and Gölhisar) in Turkey. Fungi were isolated from the tissues of crayfish displaying putative black gill disease symptoms. Morphological evaluation was conducted, and the isolates were determined to be similar to Fusarium oxysporum. Subsequent molecular cloning of the ITS region of nrDNA by PCR confirmed species identification; DNA sequences from all 6 isolates were 99% similar to those of F. oxysporum. An experimental infection trial was conducted in triplicate using 1 of the 6 isolates to fulfill Koch’s postulates. Three groups of crayfish were used: (1) wounded and contaminated (WC), (2) wounded and not contaminated (WNC), and (3) non-wounded and contaminated (NWC). On Day 3, one individual died in the WC group. Throughout the total 74 d monitoring period, no other mortality was recorded. On Day 14, all crayfish in the WC group showed blackened gills, whereas all crayfish in the NWC displayed partial blackening and all crayfish in the WNC group displayed normal gill coloration. F. oxysporum was re-isolated in pure culture from the WC and NWC groups; thus, the disease was confirmed. Our results indicated that F. oxysporum causes black gill disease in P. leptodactylus crayfish. Moreover, we demonstrated that F. oxysporum can also infect non-wounded crayfish.Scopus Medicine designed to combat diseases of affluence affects the early development of fish. How do plastic microparticles contribute?(2023-12-15) Medkova D.; Hollerova A.; Blahova J.; Marsalek P.; Mares J.; Hodkovicova N.; Doubkova V.; Hesova R.; Tichy F.; Faldyna M.; Taştan Y.; Kotoucek J.; Svobodova Z.; Lakdawala P.Scopus Oral administration of Sargassum polycystum extracts stimulates immune response and increases survival against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Oncorhynchus mykiss(2021-10-01) Sönmez A.Y.; Bi̇len S.; Taştan Y.; Serag K.J.B.; Toring C.C.; Romero J.B.; Kenanoğlu O.N.; Terzi E.This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of Sargassum polycystum extract administration in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). S. polycystum methanolic extract was administered orally using feeding needles to individual rainbow trout at the dose of 0 (control), 1 (S1), 3 (S3) and 5 (S5) mg/100 μl/per fish twice a day for 7 days. On 1st, 5th, 3rd and 7th day, blood and tissues were collected from the fish and changes in humoral immune responses and immune‐related gene expressions were determined. The result of oxidative radical production showed no difference during early stage of the experiment and was lately decreased (P < 0.05). Lysozyme activity increased on 3rd and 7th day of the study in S5 fish group and on 5th day in S3 group compared to control (P < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity had an increased level on the 1st and 3rd day in S1, S5 and S5 fish groups, respectively. IL-1β gene was significantly up-regulated in kidney and intestine in all experimental groups (except on the 1st day, in the intestine of S5 fish group) compared to control (P < 0.05). IL-8 gene expression was elevated on 1st and 3rd day in kidney of all experimental fish groups. IL-6 transcript enhanced in a dose-dependent manner on 3rd and 7th day. IL-10 and IL-12 genes were also up-regulated. Survival in all treated fish groups challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila was significantly increased compared to that of control. The highest survival rate was recorded in S5 fish group (83.65%) followed by S3 fish group (82.62%). Our results suggest that S. polycystum aqueous methanolic extract is an effective immunostimulant and provide protection against A. hydrophila infection in rainbow trout at a dose of 3–10 mg/20 g body weight/day.Scopus Prevention of Saprolegniasis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs using oregano (Origanum onites) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oils(2022-01-01) Özdemir R.C.; Taştan Y.; Güney K.The present study investigated the antifungal effects of essential oils of oregano (Origanum onites) and laurel (Laurus nobilis) on Saprolegniasis, a disease that occurs in rainbow trout eggs during the incubation period. Oregano and laurel were ground after drying, and essential oils were obtained by water distillation method using a Clevenger apparatus. The essential oils were added to potato dextrose agar (PDA) at the rates of 1–1000 ppm, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined as 250 ppm whereas the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) was determined to be 500 ppm for both plants. In the in vivo trials, fertilized eggs were treated with predetermined doses either by bathing during water hardening and incubation period or only during incubation period, and death rates were monitored during embryological development. The best larvae hatching rate was determined in 500 ppm oregano and 500 ppm laurel groups treated during water hardening plus daily as 82.11% and 79.87%, respectively. According to the results, it was determined that oregano and laurel essential oils exhibited better results in all doses compared with the negative control group, and 500 ppm dose had a better effect than the positive control group treated with formalin.Scopus Spurge (Euphorbia rigida) exhibits anaesthetic effect in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) without altering plasma cortisol levels(2021-11-01) Alagöz K.; Paruğ Ş.; Taştan Y.; Bilen S.; Sönmez A.Y.This study was conducted to investigate a potential new organic anaesthetic for aquaculture practices. Aqueous macerate of spurge stem (Euphorbia rigida) was obtained by adding 200 g of plant powder to 1.5 L of distilled water and applied to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at 5 different concentrations (30000, 40000, 50000, 60000 and 70000 µL L−1) to determine induction (loss of equilibrium and deep anaesthesia) and recovery (recovery of equilibrium and full recovery) durations. In addition, plasma cortisol levels of fish within 0 hours were determined to evaluate stress response. It was determined that there were 4 concentrations that can be used as suitable anaesthetics for rainbow trout: 40000, 50000, 60000 and 70000 µL L−1. These concentrations provided deep anaesthesia in 196.67±1.45, 173.00±11.24, 138.33±8.29 and 136.33±5.23 seconds, respectively. Plasma cortisol levels of the mentioned groups were measured as 4.49±1.04, 8.64±0.73, 8.18±0.64 and 9.64±0.78 ng mL−1, respectively. On the other hand, the plasma cortisol level of the control group (anaesthetized with 2-phenoxyethanol) was 10.95±0.89 ng mL−1. These findings suggest that 40000–70000 µl L−1 of E. rigida can be used as an alternative anaesthetic in rainbow trout. However, further studies need to be conducted to evaluate the long term effects of the plant, especially in consecutive use.Scopus Use of Onion (Allium cepa) and Garlic (Allium sativum) Wastes for the Prevention of Fungal Disease (Saprolegnia parasitica) on Eggs of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)(2020-10-01) Özçelik H.; Taştan Y.; Terzi E.; Sönmez A.Y.This study was designed to prevent fungal disease (Saprolegnia parasitica) that occurs on rainbow trout eggs (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by using wastes of onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum) plants. For this purpose, fertilized rainbow trout eggs were exposed to garlic skin, garlic stem and onion skin aqueous methanolic extracts by bathing in concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 g/L, whereas the control group was left untreated. The larvae in all groups were monitored until they become free-swimming larvae, the number of eggs died due to fungus was recorded, and the data obtained from experimental groups and control group were compared. As a result, it was determined that onion skin had no effect on the number of eggs that died due to fungus (p >.05), while garlic skin and garlic stem extracts significantly reduced the number of fungal infestations without affecting the number of live larvae or the embryological development of the eggs (p <.05). In light of these data, we conclude that garlic skin (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 g/L) and garlic stem (0.8 and 1.6 g/L) aqueous methanolic extracts are effective at preventing Saprolegnia parasitica infestation on rainbow trout eggs and may be used in aquaculture.