Browsing by Author "Sevik H."
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Scopus A study on the determination of the natural park’s sustainable tourism potential(2018-03-01) Cetin M.; Zeren I.; Sevik H.; Cakir C.; Akpinar H.The surface site of Yesilyuva Nature Park encompasses natural, social, economic, and cultural characteristics and has become a marker of the region’s natural and cultural heritage. To support the preservation of this site, promotional activities should be planned. In this study, because of tourism and related opinions of residents and visitors alike in terms of their natural determination, an important cultural and historical feature is aimed at evaluating the tourism potential of Yesilyuva Nature Park. This framework is designed to establish prospective tourism sustainability. As a result, Yesilyuva Nature Park’s natural and cultural properties have been determined to be suitable for sustainable tourism activities using geographic information systems (GIS). This protection in the field, which balances sustainability and landscape design, will provide for the development of tourism activities. In the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis and survey, residents and visitors reported that the most important feature of the Yesilyuva Nature Park was its natural beauty. Visitors often come to observe traditional and natural life and to engage in tourism activities. All the data, which includes maps derived from GIS, represents landscape planning for sustainable tourism areas in Yesilyuva Nature Park.Scopus Altitudinal Migration of Species of Fir (Abies spp.) in Adaptation to Climate Change(2022-09-01) Tekin O.; Cetin M.; Varol T.; Ozel H.B.; Sevik H.; Zeren Cetin I.Global climate change is considered an irreversible problem, which might directly or indirectly affect all the organisms and ecosystems on the earth and the world has to struggle with. Plants having no effective movement mechanism are the group that global climate change will affect the most. In order to minimize the species and population losses, it is important to estimate the changes in the available distribution areas of species and to ensure the migration mechanism, which the species will need, by the hand of humans. The present study aims to reveal how potential distribution areas of fir, which is among the significant tree species of Turkey and significant portion of global distribution of which is in Turkey, will change from an altitudinal aspect because of the climate change. The results achieved showed that, because of the effects of global climate change, the suitable distribution areas of Abies nordmanniana subsp. nordmanniana will significantly decrease especially at high altitudes and that suitable distribution areas of Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani will reduce at altitudes higher than 1400 m but increase generally at the altitudes between 200 and 600 m. Moreover, suitable distribution areas of Abies cilicica will shift towards higher altitudes.Scopus An evaluation of properties of four heat treated wood species(2014-01-01) Kesik H.I.; Korkut S.; Hiziroglu S.; Sevik H.The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of heat treatment on swelling, hardness, and surface quality of four wood species, namely black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), common alder (Alnus glutinosa L.), Western prickly juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) and plum (Prunus domestica L.). Samples were exposed to temperature levels of 130 and 160. °C for 3 and 7. h. Surface quality and hardness of the specimens were determined using a stylus technique and Janka hardness, respectively. Based on the findings in this work overall dimensional stability of all four species improved with heat treatment. Surface quality of the samples was also enhanced due to heat exposure. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that some distortion and cell modification took place as a result of heat treatment. Furthermore, hardness of the samples was adversely influenced by the heat exposure. It appears that the properties of all samples exposed to a temperature of 160. °C for 7. h were more pronounced than those treated with a temperature of 130. °C for 3. h. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.Scopus Analyzing of usability of tree-rings as biomonitors for monitoring heavy metal accumulation in the atmosphere in urban area: a case study of cedar tree (Cedrus sp.)(2020-01-01) Sevik H.; Cetin M.; Ozel H.B.; Akarsu H.; Zeren Cetin I.It is important to monitor the heavy metal pollution in order to identify risk zones and to determine the change in the heavy metal concentration of the atmosphere within the process. For this, it is necessary to carry out measurements for many years; however, this is not possible. Especially from past to present, one of the most effective methods to determine the changes of heavy metal concentrations in the atmosphere is to use the annual tree rings as biomonitors. Perennial plants growing in our country create annual rings, and it is possible to gain information regarding the changes of heavy metal concentrations in that region by determining the heavy metal concentrations in these rings. In this study, it was aimed to determine the annual changes of Pb, Co, and Fe elements’ concentrations in these sections by determining the annual rings on the logs taken from the main stem of the cedar tree (Cedrus sp.), which was cut by the end of 2016, in December, 2016, in Kastamonu province. Within the scope of the study, the element concentrations were also determined in the inner and outer bark. As a result of the study, it was found that the heavy metal values in the organelles taken from the road-facing part, especially the heavy metal concentrations in the outer bark were higher than the metal concentrations in the inward-facing part, and that the concentrations changed significantly on organelle and year basis.Scopus Application of artificial neural networks to predict the heavy metal contamination in the Bartin River(2020-12-01) Ucun Ozel H.; Gemici B.T.; Gemici E.; Ozel H.B.; Cetin M.; Sevik H.In this study, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) analyses were performed, and the results were modelled by artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Samples were taken from 3 stations selected on the Bartin River for 1 year between December 2012 and December 2013. Radial basis neural network (RBANN), multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks models, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were applied to the data in order to predict the heavy metal concentrations. As a result of the study, the RMSE and MAE values of all the heavy metal models were found to have very low error values during the test phase, and it was found that the models created using MLP had R2 values higher than 0.77 during the test phase; the test phase R2 values of the models using RBN method were found to be ranging between 0.773 and 0.989, and the test phase R2 value of the ANFIS model was higher than 0.80. If sorted from the best model to the worst by taking the MAE and RMSE values into consideration based on the test evaluation results, according to the heavy metal types, where all of the MLP, RBN, and ANFIS models were generally approximate to each other, RBN was successful for Cu, Zn, and Mn, while MLP model was successful for Ni and ANFIS model for Fe and Pb. According to the results, it can be inferred that the heavy metal contents can be estimated approximately with artificial intelligence models and relatively easy-to-measure parameters; it will be possible to detect heavy metals which are harmful to the viability of the rivers, both quickly and economically.Scopus Assessment of Cr and Zn deposition on Picea pungens Engelm. in urban air of Ankara, Türkiye(2022-01-01) Sulhan O.F.; Sevik H.; Isinkaralar K.Trace metal pollution is a vital issue in ecological problems (air, soil, and water), and it threatens human health in many urban areas worldwide. The accumulation of heavy metals released from various sources can readily occur on plants and impairs their growth. Therefore, monitoring metal concentration is extremely important when released into the atmosphere from one place to another urban environment. Biomonitor is one of the passive methods used to track selected elements. Chromium (Cr) has adverse effects on plants when it is in high concentrations; therefore, the variation of its concentration in plants is important to be assessed. Another target element, zinc (Zn), has different essential metabolic functions in plants and is crucial in protein and carbohydrate synthesis. It directly affects the plant due to its protein and carbohydrate synthesis role. This study aimed to determine the variation of the Cr and Zn concentration ratio in the organs of Picea pungens Engelm. from Ankara, Türkiye. According to organ, age, washing status, and location, Picea pungens Engelm. showed significant differences (p < 0.05) for Cr and Zn pollution on the road shoulders. Their location on the tree can easily determine the age of the needles and branches. The total values of bark for Cr and Zn were calculated as 23,887 ppb and 672,012 ppb in barks in unwashed samples. The result of the Cr and Zn content was significantly evaluated using ANOVA and Duncan test. The P. pungens is an excellent passive sampler as a biomonitor for the Cr and Zn distribution in the local atmospheric environment.Scopus Atmospheric Cd, Cr, and Zn Deposition in Several Landscape Plants in Mersin, Türkiye(2022-04-01) Isinkaralar K.; Koc I.; Erdem R.; Sevik H.The principal problem in dense cities is air pollution and the damage to the environment caused by air pollution. Roadside landscape plants are exposed to air pollutants, especially in small urban centers caused by congested traffic, heating, and industrial enterprises. According to the type of landscape plants, being a good biomonitor varies according to their absorbing capacity of air pollutants. Chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) are the leading pollutants originating from emissions. They are selected and negatively affect several landscape plants in high concentrations. This study aimed to determine their concentration changes according to organ and washing status by commonly used 14 landscape species in parks. The heavy metal holding capacity of 14 species used was compared; chromium, cadmium, and zinc concentrations changed significantly depending on the factors evaluated to adsorb them. The ranking of the accumulation levels was determined as Zn > Cr > Cd and was detected at higher levels in unwashed organs than in the others. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murr.) Parl. was shown better biomonitoring features on heavy metal accumulation among all species. Its unwashed leaves’ deposited Cd, Cr, and Zn were 154 ppb, 6400 ppb, and 39,940 ppb, respectively.Scopus Base alteration of some heavy metal concentrations on local and seasonal in Bartin River(2019-09-01) Ucun Ozel H.; Ozel H.; Cetin M.; Sevik H.; Gemici B.; Varol T.Fresh water resources have always been an extremely invaluable economic and strategic resource in the world. There are about 1.4 billion people who have no access to pure water resources mainly due to the discharge of 95% of unpurified wastewater and 70% of industrial wastes into water resources in underdeveloped and developing countries. More than half of the world’s rivers are contaminated. Eighty percent of diseases are caused by contaminated waters in developing countries. Among the pollutants in these streams, heavy metals are of particular significance, as heavy metals do not dissolve and degenerate easily in nature. They also tend to bio-accumulate. This is why determining heavy metal concentrations is of great importance because it can help detect risk zones and risk levels. This study aims to determine the alteration of some heavy metal concentrations during a year in Bartin River on a point and seasonal base. Within the scope of the study, samples were collected from 5 chosen locations on Bartin River during a year and the alteration of Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, and Pb concentration amounts were determined monthly. As a result of the study, it was determined that there were various rates of contamination with heavy metals at all stations, and that the amount of all studied heavy metal concentrations decreased depending on seasonal alteration when precipitation and hence the flow rates were high, and the highest concentrations were calculated in samples that were collected from L3 and L5 stations. Results shows that some of the toxic metals’ accumulations are higher than the suggestion of value, which recommended that the Bartin River is to some extent a toxic metal polluted river and that animals are not totally safe. Since this study constitutes a sample, all international samples should be controlled especially in the Organized Industrial Zone and foundation areas and the wastewater entering the river should be controlled and the pollution source should be determined and precautions should be taken. According to the results of the study, it also shows the water quality of the rivers in general. Pollution levels of rivers should be taken into account in the use of river water and care should be taken to use river water directly or indirectly in agricultural activities that may cause harm to human health. The results of this study can be a guide for identifying suitable areas to use the water of rivers. In future river planning, these studies will have an important guide value.Scopus Ca, Cu, and Li in washed and unwashed specimens of needles, bark, and branches of the blue spruce (Picea pungens) in the city of Ankara(2020-06-01) Cetin M.; Sevik H.; Cobanoglu O.The use of certain types of plants to determine the accumulation of HMs (heavy metals) has yielded quite consistent results in the research fields. Many researches have focused on particular types of HMs due to their common presence in the air (Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr to name a few). However, it is equally as important to shed light on other types of HMs and the scale of their existence in our atmosphere, hence this paper. Blue spruce (Picea pungens) tree organs were used in an experiment to calculate the recent concentration of HMs. The research concentrates on Ca, Cu, and Li elements in the washed and unwashed needles, branches, and barks, and these organs were evaluated depending on the organ age. The study results showed that the concentration of the elements subjected to the research changed depending on the organ, washing status and organ age, and that the lowest concentrations of Ca and Cu elements were obtained in the barks in general. In relation to the organ age, it was found that there was an increase in the concentration of Ca with age, and that the concentration of Li element was inversely proportional to age.Scopus Change of air quality in kastamonu city in terms of particulate matter and CO2 amount(2016-01-01) Cetin M.; Sevik H.Today, the human population of cities has reached its highest level and as a result, air quality in cities has started to have a significant effect on human health. Air pollution exceeds danger limits in terms of human health especially in many cities where unplanned urbanisation takes place and either threatens human health or decreases life quality. The parks inside the city are very important for the healthy development of cities. These areas have many different functions for cities such as recreation, ecology and land organisation. One of these functions is their effect on the air quality of the city. In this study, the particulate matter (0.3, 0.5 and 5 µm dimensions) and carbon dioxide (CO2) amounts were measured and evaluated in Kastamonu city. Measurement results obtained from 7 regions in the Kastamonu city with different properties were evaluated and comparisons were made in terms of air quality.Scopus Change of Aluminum Concentrations in Specific Plants by Species, Organ, Washing, and Traffic Density(2023-02-01) Kuzmina N.; Menshchikov S.; Mohnachev P.; Zavyalov K.; Petrova I.; Ozel H.B.; Aricak B.; Onat S.M.; Sevik H.One of the most critical problems throughout the world is air pollution, causing the death of millions of individuals annually, and it is reported that 90% of the global population breathes polluted air. Among the components of air pollution, the most harmful ones are the heavy metals, which can remain non-degraded in nature for a long time, bio-accumulate in living organisms, and be toxic or carcinogenic at low concentrations. Hence, monitoring and reducing heavy metal pollution in the air are high-priority research topics. Heavy metals can accumulate within various organs of plants grown in an environment with an increased level of heavy metal pollution. The metal analyses on these organs can provide insight into the heavy metal pollution in the air. In the present study, the concentrations of aluminum (Al), one of the most important heavy metals, were determined in the different organs of five plant species grown in regions with different traffic densities. Remarkable changes were observed in the Al concentrations in all the organs of species, which were examined here by organ and traffic density. The highest values were obtained from the organs of plants grown in no-traffic regions.Scopus Changes in heavy metal accumulation depending on traffic density in some landscape plants(2018-01-01) Turkyilmaz A.; Sevik H.; Cetin M.; Ahmaida Saleh E.A.Air pollution is among the major problems stemming from modern urban life. Millions of people worldwide die from air pollution every year. Especially heavy metals have great importance among these pollutants. Because heavy metals can stay in nature for a long time without deterioration, and their concentration in the environment is constantly increasing. They also tend to bioaccumulate. Many heavy metals arise from exhaust gases, car wheels, vehicles, and vehicle corrosion in cities. Determining heavy metal concentrations in plants is important both for determining the ability of plants to remove heavy metals from the air, and thus to be used as a means of increasing air quality, as well as for monitoring air quality. The purpose of this study is to determine the variation of different heavy metal concentrations, depending on the traffic density, in some landscape plants sampled from areas with different levels of traffic density. Our results show that heavy metal accumulation differs according to both plant species and traffic density. In traffic-dense areas we measured the greatest amounts of Cu, Ni, and Fe in Prunus cerasifera; of Ca, Mg, and Mn in Ailanthus altissima; of Cr and Zn in Elaeagnus angustifolia; and of Pb and Cd in Tilia tomentosa.Scopus Changes in heavy metal accumulation in some edible landscape plants depending on traffic density(2020-02-01) Sevik H.; Cetin M.; Ozel H.B.; Ozel S.; Zeren Cetin I.Food scarcity is one of global issues that our world faces today. A significant portion of the world’s population has no access to adequate food, and it is stated that approximately 830 million people suffer from chronic famine. This predicament is estimated to grow even further. Many attempts have been made to solve the food problem. Some examples are using new resources which have not been used for dietary purposes up to this point, planting new areas to produce food products, and increasing the potential harvest per an area unit. One of the solution proposals, which has come up recently within this scope, is the term of “edible landscaping”, which means the use of edible plants in the landscaping works, and thus maximizing the potential for food security. However, edible landscaping poses a considerable risk. Heavy metal accumulation in plants grown in urban centers can reach to high levels, and consuming these plants will allow these heavy metals a direct access into the human body and wreak havoc to the public health. But since this subject has not been sufficiently studied yet, the extent of such a risk is not accurately determined yet. This study aims to determine the changes of Ni, Co and Mn concentrations depending on traffic density in the leaves, branches, barks and fruits of cherry, plum, mulberry and apple trees growing in areas with dense traffic, low-density traffic and no-traffic zones in Kastamonu province. The results showed that the concentrations of Ni and Co elements increased in many organelles depending on traffic density, and that the heavy metal concentrations in fruits could be very high. This situation indicates that fruit and vegetables grown in industrial zones and urban centers, where heavy metal pollution may be high, can be harmful to the public health if consumed as crops.Scopus Changes in micromorphological characters of platanus orientalis L. leaves in Turkey(2019-01-01) Sevik H.; Cetin M.; Ozturk A.; Yigit N.; Karakus O.In this study, it is aimed to determine the variation of some leaf characters of Platanus orientalis L. depending on the climate type. For this purpose, in a country dominated by three climate types (Terrestrial, Black Sea and Mediterranean), leaves samples of Platanus orientalis trees were collected. Scaled images were obtained with the help of electron microscope (SEM = Scanning Electron Microscope) of collected leaf samples. Thus, with measurements made on these images, stoma length (µm), stoma width (µm), por length (µm), por width and stoma density (1 mm2 area). The obtained data were evaluated as statistic and the change of these characters according to climate type and city was evaluated. In addition, by applying correlation analysis to the data, it was attempted to determine the relations between the subject characters and climate data. As a result of the study, no significant effect of the climate could be detected on the characteristics examined. This situation can be interpreted that morphological characteristics are shaped by many environmental factors and genetic structure besides climate. The authors suggest an increase and diversification in studies on the subject in order to determine how and under which conditions micromorphological characteristics are shaped. For this reason, it can be shown that the subjects of the study are collected from the individuals which were primarily raised for landscaping, and the practices in landscape studies change the micro ecological conditions in a clear way.Scopus Changes in PB, CR and CU concentrations in some bioindicators depending on traffic density on the basis of species and organs(2019-01-01) Sevik H.; Cetin M.; Ozturk A.; Ozel H.B.; Pinar B.The growing population and industrialization is causing air pollution. In some cities pollution has reached to a point where it is threatening human lives. Pollution has become one of the biggest issues of today’s world. Pollutants are produced by exhaust gases, car wheels, and vehicles. Heavy metals (HM) are one of the major culprits that cause air pollution. This is due to the fact that HM can exist in the environment for a long time without deterioration, and their concentration in the atmosphere is ever-growing. They also tend to bioaccumulate. Therefore, determining HM concentration levels is crucial in terms of identifying risk zones and levels. Bioindicators are the most important determinants that can indicate the change in the concentration of HM in the atmosphere. This study aims to monitor the changes in Pb, Cr and Cu concentrations in the leaves, seeds and branches of cherry plum (Prunus ceracifera), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), Tilia (Tilia tomentosa), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and Norway maple (Acer platanoides) species, which can be used for monitoring the traffic-induced HM concentration. We observed that the concentration of all the elements increased according to the traffic density, this is especially visible in the case of Pb and Cr.Scopus Changes in the particulate matter and CO2 concentrations based on the time and weather conditions: The case of Kastamonu(2017-01-01) Cetin M.; Sevik H.; Isinkaralar K.Air pollution is one of the biggest problems raised by the modern life. Each year, thousands of people are affected by air pollution, and some even die of air pollution. In the cities, the times and places where air pollution is at its worst create problems for the people with health issues, affecting their quality of life. Therefore, it would be good for the measures to be taken to carry out air pollution studies on a regional basis and to determine the level of pollution based on certain factors such as traffic density, changes in pollution throughout the day, weather conditions, etc. This study aims to determine the changes in air quality throughout the day depending on the weather conditions and traffic density in various areas of Kastamonu city centre. In line with this purpose, we examined the changes in the particulate matter (in 3 different sizes) and CO2 concentrations of the air based on certain factors. The results show that the quality of air changes to a great extent depending on all the factors studied.Scopus Chronicles and geoheritage of the ancient Roman city of Pompeiopolis: a landscape plan(2018-12-01) Cetin M.; Onac A.; Sevik H.; Canturk U.; Akpinar H.Kastamonu-Pompeiopolis is a protected area with historical, natural, and cultural value and has recently increased in popularity. The aim of this study is to ensure the sustainability of natural and cultural resources via an evaluation to reveal the necessary practices and precautions regarding the area’s landscape plan decisions for the ancient city. Maps of Pompeiopolis were created and the Gülez formula (1990) was used to evaluate the city. Based on the data obtained from the area, we have determined that it has a high recreational potential, and hence this study. We find that the untapped recreational potential of Pompeiopolis has yet to be exploited and reached. According to the formula, Pompeiopolis’s recreational potential is 72%, which means it is considered to be an area of high recreational potential. In conclusion, Pompeiopolis has a wealth of ecotourism activities, including historical and cultural tourism, bird watching, wildlife tours, adventure and sports tourism, photography, camping, picnic activities, and cave exploring. However, management and planning is needed for trekking, hiking, and the rest of the activities in order to ensure long-term sustainability.Scopus Climate type-related changes in the leaf micromorphological characters of certain landscape plants(2018-07-01) Cetin M.; Sevik H.; Yigit N.This research aimed to determine changes to some micromorphological characteristics of certain landscape plants grown in areas with different dominant climate types. Leaf samples were collected from eight woody plant species in areas with terrestrial, Black Sea, and Mediterranean climate types in Turkey. Then, scaled images of the collected leaf samples were obtained using SEM. StomaLength, StomaWidth, PoreLength, PoreWidth, and StomaDensity were determined using measurements made on the images. Data were statistically evaluated, and the changes to these characteristics by climate type and species were determined. The results show that the lowest values were for plants grown in the terrestrial climate, while the highest values were for plants grown in the Mediterranean climate for all characteristics except SDEN. For SDEN, the lowest value was for plants grown in the Mediterranean climate, while the highest value was obtained for plants grown in the terrestrial climate.Scopus Clonal Variation Based on Some Morphological and Micromorphological Characteristics in the Boyabat (Sinop/Turkey) Black Pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) Seed Orchard(2023-01-01) Yigit N.; Öztürk A.; Sevik H.; Özel H.B.; Kshkush F.E.R.; Işık B.Scopus Clonal variation in chemical wood characteristics in Hanönü (Kastamonu) Günlüburun black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. Pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) seed orchard(2016-10-02) Yigit N.; Sevik H.; Cetin M.; Gul L.Scientific evidence suggests forest cover across the world is gradually decreasing while the world’s population is rapidly increasing. In line with this, the demand on raw wood is also increasing, making it impossible for the already limited natural resources to meet human needs in proportion to the increasing population size. To counter this, there is a need to increase the variety and availability of timber through genetic improvement. This has been seen in genetic improvement studies in forestry which have resulted in seed orchard establishments; however, the genetic variation in these seed orchards continues to be a topic of debate. This study aims to determine the clonal variation in chemical characteristics in a Hanönü (Kastamonu) Günlüburun black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) seed orchard. The analysis shows differences between the clones were seen at the 99.9% confidence level. Ash content, NaOH, extractive substance, and hot water solubility exhibited the highest heritability scores, according to the heritability estimates of the clones in the seed orchard. However, hemicellulose content showed an extremely low H2 (0.1).