Browsing by Author "Sevik, Hakan"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 31

Analyzing of usability of tree-rings as biomonitors for monitoring heavy metal accumulation in the atmosphere in urban area: a case study of cedar tree (Cedrus sp.).
(2019-12-10T00:00:00Z) Sevik, Hakan; Cetin, Mehmet; Ozel, Halil Baris; Akarsu, Hatice; Zeren Cetin, Ilknur
It is important to monitor the heavy metal pollution in order to identify risk zones and to determine the change in the heavy metal concentration of the atmosphere within the process. For this, it is necessary to carry out measurements for many years; however, this is not possible. Especially from past to present, one of the most effective methods to determine the changes of heavy metal concentrations in the atmosphere is to use the annual tree rings as biomonitors. Perennial plants growing in our country create annual rings, and it is possible to gain information regarding the changes of heavy metal concentrations in that region by determining the heavy metal concentrations in these rings. In this study, it was aimed to determine the annual changes of Pb, Co, and Fe elements' concentrations in these sections by determining the annual rings on the logs taken from the main stem of the cedar tree (Cedrus sp.), which was cut by the end of 2016, in December, 2016, in Kastamonu province. Within the scope of the study, the element concentrations were also determined in the inner and outer bark. As a result of the study, it was found that the heavy metal values in the organelles taken from the road-facing part, especially the heavy metal concentrations in the outer bark were higher than the metal concentrations in the inward-facing part, and that the concentrations changed significantly on organelle and year basis.
Application of artificial neural networks to predict the heavy metal contamination in the Bartin River.
(2020-12-01T00:00:00Z) Ucun Ozel, Handan; Gemici, Betul Tuba; Gemici, Ercan; Ozel, Halil Baris; Cetin, Mehmet; Sevik, Hakan
In this study, copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) analyses were performed, and the results were modelled by artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Samples were taken from 3 stations selected on the Bartin River for 1 year between December 2012 and December 2013. Radial basis neural network (RBANN), multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks models, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) were applied to the data in order to predict the heavy metal concentrations. As a result of the study, the RMSE and MAE values of all the heavy metal models were found to have very low error values during the test phase, and it was found that the models created using MLP had R values higher than 0.77 during the test phase; the test phase R values of the models using RBN method were found to be ranging between 0.773 and 0.989, and the test phase R value of the ANFIS model was higher than 0.80. If sorted from the best model to the worst by taking the MAE and RMSE values into consideration based on the test evaluation results, according to the heavy metal types, where all of the MLP, RBN, and ANFIS models were generally approximate to each other, RBN was successful for Cu, Zn, and Mn, while MLP model was successful for Ni and ANFIS model for Fe and Pb. According to the results, it can be inferred that the heavy metal contents can be estimated approximately with artificial intelligence models and relatively easy-to-measure parameters; it will be possible to detect heavy metals which are harmful to the viability of the rivers, both quickly and economically.
Base alteration of some heavy metal concentrations on local and seasonal in Bartin River.
(2019-08-28T00:00:00Z) Ucun Ozel, Handan; Ozel, Halil Baris; Cetin, Mehmet; Sevik, Hakan; Gemici, Betul Tuba; Varol, Tugrul
Fresh water resources have always been an extremely invaluable economic and strategic resource in the world. There are about 1.4 billion people who have no access to pure water resources mainly due to the discharge of 95% of unpurified wastewater and 70% of industrial wastes into water resources in underdeveloped and developing countries. More than half of the world's rivers are contaminated. Eighty percent of diseases are caused by contaminated waters in developing countries. Among the pollutants in these streams, heavy metals are of particular significance, as heavy metals do not dissolve and degenerate easily in nature. They also tend to bio-accumulate. This is why determining heavy metal concentrations is of great importance because it can help detect risk zones and risk levels. This study aims to determine the alteration of some heavy metal concentrations during a year in Bartin River on a point and seasonal base. Within the scope of the study, samples were collected from 5 chosen locations on Bartin River during a year and the alteration of Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, and Pb concentration amounts were determined monthly. As a result of the study, it was determined that there were various rates of contamination with heavy metals at all stations, and that the amount of all studied heavy metal concentrations decreased depending on seasonal alteration when precipitation and hence the flow rates were high, and the highest concentrations were calculated in samples that were collected from L3 and L5 stations. Results shows that some of the toxic metals' accumulations are higher than the suggestion of value, which recommended that the Bartin River is to some extent a toxic metal polluted river and that animals are not totally safe. Since this study constitutes a sample, all international samples should be controlled especially in the Organized Industrial Zone and foundation areas and the wastewater entering the river should be controlled and the pollution source should be determined and precautions should be taken. According to the results of the study, it also shows the water quality of the rivers in general. Pollution levels of rivers should be taken into account in the use of river water and care should be taken to use river water directly or indirectly in agricultural activities that may cause harm to human health. The results of this study can be a guide for identifying suitable areas to use the water of rivers. In future river planning, these studies will have an important guide value.
Ca, Cu, and Li in washed and unwashed specimens of needles, bark, and branches of the blue spruce (Picea pungens) in the city of Ankara.
(2020-06-01T00:00:00Z) Cetin, Mehmet; Sevik, Hakan; Cobanoglu, Oguzhan
The use of certain types of plants to determine the accumulation of HMs (heavy metals) has yielded quite consistent results in the research fields. Many researches have focused on particular types of HMs due to their common presence in the air (Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr to name a few). However, it is equally as important to shed light on other types of HMs and the scale of their existence in our atmosphere, hence this paper. Blue spruce (Picea pungens) tree organs were used in an experiment to calculate the recent concentration of HMs. The research concentrates on Ca, Cu, and Li elements in the washed and unwashed needles, branches, and barks, and these organs were evaluated depending on the organ age. The study results showed that the concentration of the elements subjected to the research changed depending on the organ, washing status and organ age, and that the lowest concentrations of Ca and Cu elements were obtained in the barks in general. In relation to the organ age, it was found that there was an increase in the concentration of Ca with age, and that the concentration of Li element was inversely proportional to age.
Changes in heavy metal accumulation in some edible landscape plants depending on traffic density.
(2020-01-02T00:00:00Z) Sevik, Hakan; Cetin, Mehmet; Ozel, Halil Baris; Ozel, Senem; Zeren Cetin, Ilknur
Food scarcity is one of global issues that our world faces today. A significant portion of the world's population has no access to adequate food, and it is stated that approximately 830 million people suffer from chronic famine. This predicament is estimated to grow even further. Many attempts have been made to solve the food problem. Some examples are using new resources which have not been used for dietary purposes up to this point, planting new areas to produce food products, and increasing the potential harvest per an area unit. One of the solution proposals, which has come up recently within this scope, is the term of "edible landscaping", which means the use of edible plants in the landscaping works, and thus maximizing the potential for food security. However, edible landscaping poses a considerable risk. Heavy metal accumulation in plants grown in urban centers can reach to high levels, and consuming these plants will allow these heavy metals a direct access into the human body and wreak havoc to the public health. But since this subject has not been sufficiently studied yet, the extent of such a risk is not accurately determined yet. This study aims to determine the changes of Ni, Co and Mn concentrations depending on traffic density in the leaves, branches, barks and fruits of cherry, plum, mulberry and apple trees growing in areas with dense traffic, low-density traffic and no-traffic zones in Kastamonu province. The results showed that the concentrations of Ni and Co elements increased in many organelles depending on traffic density, and that the heavy metal concentrations in fruits could be very high. This situation indicates that fruit and vegetables grown in industrial zones and urban centers, where heavy metal pollution may be high, can be harmful to the public health if consumed as crops.
Comparison of the rate of certain trace metals accumulation in indoor plants for smoking and non-smoking areas.
(2023-05-25T00:00:00Z) Ghoma, Wasem Esmael Omer; Sevik, Hakan; Isinkaralar, Kaan
Tobacco smoke causes to release severe toxic metals into the environment. It is recognized as the most significant issue in indoor air quality. Pollution and toxic substances in smoke quickly spread and penetrate the indoor environment. Environmental tobacco smoke is responsible for lowering indoor air quality. There is much evidence that poor air quality occurs with inadequate ventilation conditions in indoor environments. The plants have been observed to absorb the smoke in the environment into their own body like a sponge. The plant species in this study can be used easily in almost every office, home, or other indoor areas. Using indoor plants is very beneficial in biomonitoring and absorbing these trace metals. Some indoor plants have shown successful performance as biomonitors for health-damaging pollutants. The study aims to determine the concentration of three trace metals (Cu, Co, and Ni) using five indoor ornamentals frequently used in smoking areas, namely D. amoena, D. marginata, F. elastica, S. wallisii, and Y. massengena. The Ni uptake and its accumulation in S. wallisii, and Y. massengena increased in correlation with smoke areas. However, the rate of accumulation of Co and Cu was found to be independent due to consideration of the environmental emissions. Consequently, our results suggest that F. elastica is more resistant to smoking, whereas S. wallisii would be a better choice as a biomonitoring plant of tobacco smoke.
Detection of landscape species as a low-cost biomonitoring study: Cr, Mn, and Zn pollution in an urban air quality.
(2022-08-18T00:00:00Z) Yayla, Emine Emel; Sevik, Hakan; Isinkaralar, Kaan
Urban air pollution in cities, among the world's most critical problems, has escalated to such an extent that it threatens human health in many urban centers and causes the death of millions every year. Trace metals are significant among the components of air pollution. Trace metals can endure long without undergoing biodegradation and bioaccumulation in living organisms. Moreover, their concentration in the air increases gradually. Therefore, monitoring metal concentration is extremely important for reliable indicators of environmental pollution. Biomonitoring is an effective method for describing metal concentrations in urban areas. Chromium, manganese, and zinc, selected within the present study, have various adverse effects on plants in high concentrations. Their identification is highly critical for monitoring the pollution level in their regions. This study aimed to determine the Cr, Mn, and Zn concentration changes according to organ, and age in Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Platanus orientalis L., Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle, and Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carr is 30 years old. The accumulation of metals in the outer bark can be found as follows Zn > Mn > Cr in all species, although Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle and Platanus orientalis L. can be suitable for biomonitoring tools because concentrations change significantly depending on the airborne metal.
Determination of Pb and Mg accumulation in some of the landscape plants in shrub forms.
(2020-01-01T00:00:00Z) Sevik, Hakan; Cetin, Mehmet; Ucun Ozel, Handan; Ozel, Halil Baris; Mossi, Mansour Mossi Mohammed; Zeren Cetin, Ilknur
Heavy metals have a separate precaution in the air pollution components as they are not easily deteriorated in nature, they tend to bioaccumulate, they are carcinogenic or poisonous, and they can be toxic even at low concentrations. Therefore, monitoring of heavy metal pollution is of great importance. Plants are frequently used as biomonitors to monitor the heavy metal pollution. However, the heavy metal accumulation capacities of plants can vary considerably depending on the plant species, as well as on the organelle basis and the amount of particulate matter in the environment. It is also very important to determine how much of the heavy metal concentrations found in plants are derived from the plant species and how much from the particulate matter on the organ. In this study, it was aimed to determine the change of heavy metal accumulation in some landscape plants grown in the city center of Kastamonu depending on plant type, plant organism, washing status, and traffic density. For this purpose, leaf and branch samples were collected from individuals of Ligustrum vulgare L., Euonymus japonica Thunb., Biota orientalis L., Juniperus sabina L., Berberis thunbergii DC, Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., and Buxus sempervirens L., which are frequently used in urban landscape designs growing in areas with heavy, low dense, and no traffic. Some of the collected samples were washed, and heavy metal analyses were conducted to determine the amount of Pb and Mg concentrations. It was remarkable that Pb concentration was higher in branches than in the leaves for all the species. And the alteration depending on traffic density on the base of the factors studied was in different proportion depending on the metals.
Determining the suitable settlement areas in Alanya with GIS-based site selection analyses.
(2023-03-01T00:00:00Z) Dogan, Sedat; Kilicoglu, Cem; Akinci, Halil; Sevik, Hakan; Cetin, Mehmet
Urbanization, which is defined as an irreversible global-scale problem nowadays, necessitates the foundation of new settlement areas. In general, no sufficient scientific assessment and analysis were performed during these processes, and thus, various natural disasters cost the loss of many lives and properties every year. Nevertheless, considering the areas that are risky in terms of natural disasters during the selection of settlement areas might prevent a large-scale loss of lives and properties because of natural disasters. Within the scope of this study, it was aimed to determine suitable settlement areas in the Alanya district, which is one of the significant points of interest for tourists in our country and has a large population and new settlement areas because of this increasing population. Within this scope, besides the risks of flood and landslide that are the most important natural disasters in the region, and a forest fire that is among the most significant risks for the region, also the biocomfort zones were included in the assessments. As a result of the study, it was determined that the most important natural disaster risk was flooding in a large portion of the region and that only 6.72% of the study area was suitable for settlement in terms of all the criteria examined in the present study.
Effects of IAA, IBA, NAA, and GA3 on rooting and morphological features of Melissa officinalis L. stem cuttings.
(2013-05-15) Sevik, Hakan; Guney, Kerim
This study analyzed the potential of producing Melissa officinalis L. using stem cuttings. Four different hormones (IAA, IBA, NAA, and GA3) were applied to the cuttings, with and without buds, in two doses (1000 mg/L and 5000 mg/L), and after 60 days, 10 morphological characteristics of newly generated plants were detected, and a statistical analysis was carried out. The results of the study show that the cuttings with at least one bud must be used in order to produce M. officinalis using stem cuttings. Even though the auxin group hormones (IAA, IBA, and NAA) do not have an apparent effect on rooting percentage, these hormones were detected to affect the morphological characteristics of the newly generated plants, especially root generation. GA3 application has a considerable effect on stem height.
Evaluating the recreation potential of Ilgaz Mountain National Park in Turkey.
(2016-01-01T00:00:00Z) Cetin, Mehmet; Sevik, Hakan
In recent years, natural areas have become a preferred recreation area for people looking to escape their busy urban lives. The world has become so complicated that people now seek solace in areas of nature. Recreational activities conducted in natural areas, such as Ilgaz Mountain National Park, should be respectful of the environment to ensure balance and no negative environmental impact. This balance should safeguard environmental protection and only be used with the right to establish recreation planning. National parks are protected areas where the most beautiful wonders of nature exist. Thus, urban planning for recreation, and demand for recreation areas, must demonstrate both the potential of recreation resources and the protection of Ilgaz Mountain National Park. Urban open and green spaces have an important function, and in this study, it has been looked at Ilgaz Mountain National Park to examine the current situation. The aim of this study is to ensure the sustainability of natural and cultural resources via an evaluation to reveal the necessary practices and precautions regarding the area's recreational potential. As a result, Ilgaz Mountain National Park's recreation potential was found to be 72 %, and thus, it is considered to be an area of high recreation potential.
Genetic Variation in Hanönü (Kastamonu)-Günlüburun Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp.caramanica (Lamb.) Holmboe) Clonal Seed Orchard According to Some Needles Characters*
(International Symposium on Biology of Rare and Endemic Plant Species, 26-29 May, Fethiye-Mugla/Turk, 2010) Sevik, Hakan; Ayan, Sezgin; Yiğit, Nurcan
Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) is one of the most common and important forest tree species in Turkey. Meanwhile, the stands of this species occupy roughly 4,2 million ha, of which about 1,8 million ha are considered to be non productive forest. Also, this pine species is most important species which can be spread to the steppe regions in Anatolia. The semi-arid steppe regions evaluate as potential afforestation areas. Actually, the seed demand for this species is mainly supplied from current 53 of seed orchards and 79 of seed stands. Most of these seed orchards are still rather young and mainly established after 1990’s. The main objective of Anatolian black pine seed orchards is the production of genetically improved seed for reforestation purpose. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variation in Hanönü-Günlüburun Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) clonal seed orchard using eight morphological and anatomical needles characters. For this purpose; 3 sample trees from 30 clones and 10 needles from each samples tree were selected. Totally 900 sample needle were used for this study. Nine morphological and anatomical traits (needle length, needle width, needle thickness, sheath thickness, number of rows of stomata in the dorsal and ventral faces, number of stomata per cm of needle length in the dorsal and ventral faces) were determinate in 900 needle. The results showed that; there were significant differences between clones according to eight morphological and anatomical needles characters.
Genetic Variation in Taşköprü-Tekçam Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Clonal Seed Orchard According to Some Needles Characters
(International Symposium on Biology of Rare and Endemic Plant Species, 26-29 May, 2010, Fethiye-Mugla/Turkey, 2010) Yiğit, Nurcan; Ayan, Sezgin; Sevik, Hakan
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most common and important forest tree species in Turkey due to usefulness of its wood to many commercial uses. This species is classified as one of the economically important tree species for Turkish Forestry in the “National Tree Breeding and Seed Production Program”. Presently, the need of scots pine seeds is approximately 715 kg per year. Demand for scots pine seeds and seedlings in Turkey is obtained mainly by domestic production, but currently only 9.2% of the Turkish seed demand in scots pine is supplied from current 111 ha of seed orchards. High and genetically improved seed yield from the seed orchard is an integral part for the success of a tree breeding program. Genetic variation between the clones must be identified in the seed orchards to maintain high seed production. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variation in Kastamonu Taşköprü-Tekçam Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) clonal seed orchard using eight morphological and anatomical needles characters. For this purpose; 3 sample trees from 30 clones and 10 needles from each samples tree were selected. Totally 900 sample needle were used for this study. Nine morphological and anatomical traits (needle length, needle width, needle thickness, sheath thickness, number of rows of stomata in the dorsal and ventral faces, number of stomata per cm of needle length in the dorsal and ventral faces) were determinate in 900 needle. The results showed that; there were significant differences between clones according to eight morphological and anatomical needles characters.
Influence of climatic factor of changes in forest fire danger and fire season length in Turkey.
(2021-01-03T00:00:00Z) Ertugrul, Mertol; Varol, Tugrul; Ozel, Halil Baris; Cetin, Mehmet; Sevik, Hakan
In contrast to the expectations of an increase in annual fire activity and the severity of fire season due to climate change and large fires, which have been occurring in recent years, a downtrend has been identified in fire activity in many studies conducted for the whole of Europe in recent years. Similarly, in Turkey, according to the General Directorate of Forestry statistics, while there is an increase in the number of annual fires, the burnt area has a downtrend pattern. In this study, fire activity and climate data statistics for Turkey were examined along with the fire season length and severity. The results obtained conform with the studies conducted in places from Spain at the westernmost part of Mediterranean Europe to Israel at the easternmost part of the Mediterranean. Considering the changes in temperatures, temperature rise of 2 to 3 °C was detected at all stations in the study area. No decrease was observed in the average temperatures at any of the stations within the study period between 1940 and 2018. On the other hand, the precipitation trend varied according to the stations. Although there have been increases in precipitation in Fethiye, Isparta, and Marmaris since 1960, the decrease in precipitation by 132 mm in Afyon since 1970 and the decrease in precipitation by 137 mm in Bodrum since 1940 are attention-grabbing. These stations are followed by Izmir station with 66 mm and Cesme station with 37 mm of decrease, despite being smaller decreases. In the study, the long-term (1940-2018) data of the meteorological stations discussed within the study, the Canadian Fire Weather Index (FWI) and the Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) values were calculated. According to the FWI results used in determining the severity and length of fire season on the coastline of Turkey from the northern Aegean to Antalya, the likelihood of large fires decreased by about 52% in 2018 compared to 1970. This decrease in FWI value indicates that the fire severity is reduced. The specified decrease in fire severity also explains the reason of the decrease in the burnt area that occurred over the years in Turkey. No significant change was observed in the FFMC values indicating the possibility of human-induced fires between 1970 and 2018.
Investigation of the relationship between bioclimatic comfort and land use by using GIS and RS techniques in Trabzon.
(2020-01-02T00:00:00Z) Zeren Cetin, Ilknur; Sevik, Hakan
The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between bioclimatic comfort and land use in Trabzon by using geographical information systems and remote sensing technologies. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the bioclimatic conditions of the years 1985, 1994, 2005, and 2018 with the use of land in the same years in the province of Trabzon in seasonal and annual periods. Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index, which takes into consideration the physiological characteristics of humans, was used when determining bioclimatic comfort zones. The meteorological parameters used in the calculation of this index are as follows: daily average temperature values reduced to sea level, daily average relative humidity, and wind speed. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) method was preferred in the calculation of the spatial distribution of the obtained values at sea level. Using DEM data, height-dependent PET values were obtained and bioclimatic comfort maps were generated. According to the years of the bioclimatic comfort maps produced, land use maps were created by using CORINE land cover data. Then, the relationship between bioclimatic comfort zones and land use was examined.
Investigation of the relationship between burned areas and climate factors in large forest fires in theÇanakkaleregion.
(2019-11-09T00:00:00Z) Ertugrul, Mertol; Ozel, Halil Baris; Varol, Tugrul; Cetin, Mehmet; Sevik, Hakan
Fires pose a serious threat to the forests that lay on the western and southern coastline of Turkey that start with North Aegean coasts and end with the provincial boundaries of Hatay. Çanakkale, a western province of Turkey, is located in the North Aegean boundary and its topography (Dardanelles Strait), climate, and vegetation cover combine to form an inviting recipe to forest fires. Although the province is located in a transitional zone in terms of climate and vegetation, each year it witnesses highly dry and hot fire seasons. Thus, large forest fires occur periodically. In this research, the relationship between the large periodic fires (larger than 100 ha) and the climate data was investigated, with a particular focus on the most severe 8 fire seasons from 1969 to 2007. We established that there is a relationship between 1977, 1985, and 1986 fire seasons and the climate data for the corresponding periods. The remaining 5 seasons in which conflagrations occurred were also found to coincide with the days with high daily severity indices (DSR). These are 1969, 1977, 1985, 1987, and 2008. Additionally, 2008 was determined as the year with the highest fire risk, followed by year 1969.
Periodical and regional change of particulate matter and CO concentration in Misurata.
(2021-10-08T00:00:00Z) Elsunousi, Ahlam Ahmed Mohamed; Sevik, Hakan; Cetin, Mehmet; Ozel, Halil Baris; Ozel, Handan Ucun
Today, environmental pollution, air pollution in particular, is among the most important problems in the world. Air pollution, which has become a global issue, is estimated to cause the death of around 1 in 8 people worldwide. Due to the significance of air pollution, all components of air pollution are of great importance for human health, and thus the studies on air pollution are highly important, especially in areas with high population density. In this study, it was aimed to determine the regional and periodic change of CO and particulate matter pollution in the city of Misurata, one of the important cities of Libya. The study was conducted in the city centre of Misurata, and the measurements were made once in every three days between November and February at 7 different locations selected in the city centre. As a result of the measurements made, the changes in the pollution parameters were evaluated on the basis of zones and months. As a result of the study, the cleanest areas were found to be the industrial area (B3) located in the east of the city and the zone (B4), where the Al-Swehli farm was located, while the dirtiest areas were found to be the main street (B1 and B2) in the city centre and the city centre, in general. In terms of months, the lowest CO values were obtained in January, and the highest value was in February, whereas the lowest particulate matter values were obtained in January and the highest values in December.
Prediction of soil-bearing capacity on forest roads by statistical approaches.
(2021-07-28T00:00:00Z) Varol, Tugrul; Ozel, Halil Baris; Ertugrul, Mertol; Emir, Tuna; Tunay, Metin; Cetin, Mehmet; Sevik, Hakan
The soil-bearing capacity is one of the important criteria in dimensioning the superstructure. In Turkey, predictability of California Bearing Ratio values, which may be used in the planning and dimensioning of forest roads, of which about 26% lacks the superstructure, by using soil mechanical properties (cost and time efficient parameters that are easier to determine) is investigated. Simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, artificial neural networks and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system methods were utilized. Two hundred sixty-four California Bearing Ratio values obtained from the project carried out on the forest roads of Bartin Forest Operation Directorate were used in both the production of training-test data and the creation of models. Statistical performance of the models was assessed by means of parameters such as root-mean-square error, mean absolute error and R. The obtained results show that the bearing capacity values predicted by artificial neural networks and adaptive network based fuzzy inference system models display significantly better performance than the simple linear regression and multiple linear regression models. While the highest prediction capacity belongs to adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (0.969-0.991), it is followed by artificial neural networks (R = 0.796-0.974), multiple linear regression (R = 0.796) and simple linear regression (R = 0.554). What makes the algorithms superior than the traditional statistical models is the fact that they have many processing neurons, each with local connections, and thus have higher error tolerance. On the other hand, for the forest and rural roads, which play an important role in rural development of the forest peasants, to be able to operate all-seasons, superstructure should be immediately built in order to minimize the wear on the roads.
Rethinking the campus transportation network in the scope of ecological design principles: case study of Izmir Katip Çelebi University Çiğli Campus.
(2021-09-01T00:00:00Z) Kalayci Onac, Ayse; Cetin, Mehmet; Sevik, Hakan; Orman, Pinar; Karci, Ahenk; Gonullu Sutcuoglu, Gokce
The concept of sustainability, which has become increasingly important in every aspect of life, has become a topic that is often emphasized for university campuses, which can be considered a small urban model. Many universities in Turkey and abroad are working on sustainable campuses. They set many environmental, social, and economic targets such as reducing the carbon footprint, using green technologies, designing by human and environment oriented principles, using green transportation systems, reducing costs, and eliminating social injustice. In this study, the transportation network of İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Çiğli Campus, which was established on an area of 70 ha in 2010, was examined within the scope of sustainability and ecological design criteria, and a transportation network focused on pedestrian and bicycle was also suggested. This study consists of two stages. In the first stage, the current situation analysis of the campus transportation was presented, and in the second stage, recommendations were made for a sustainable transportation system within the campus, taking into account the ecological design criteria.
Site selection by using the multi-criteria technique-a case study of Bafra, Turkey.
(2020-08-31T00:00:00Z) Kilicoglu, Cem; Cetin, Mehmet; Aricak, Burak; Sevik, Hakan
Population growth, which is the main source of the biggest problems of the world today, combined with migration from rural areas to urban centers, causes the urban centers to be even more concentrated. This necessitates the opening of new residential areas in many city centers, but new residential areas are mostly determined by the decisions of local authorities, who may not base their decisions on scientific data. With the wrong area selection, ordinary natural events can be potentially catastrophic. Such events can result in large numbers of casualties and material damage every year. In this study, an example of applying a method for location selection using various parameters has been realized. The study focuses on Bafra, Turkey (the study area). Risk maps were created in terms of floods and overflows; maps of regions and high-voltage power transmission lines that enjoy a protected area status; and maps of regions in terms of biocomfort suitability. As a result of the evaluation made according to these criteria, it is calculated that only 1.96% of the total working area is suitable for use as a residential area. In relevant literature studies, it was observed that the studies related to the selection of residential areas were carried out only depending on a single standard or criterion. Some suggested biocomfort, and others used vulnerability to risks such as landslide, flood, and earthquakes as their main principle. Studies based on multi-criteria were generally used for purposes such as solid waste site selection and determination of the road routes. The study aims to shed light on the multi-criteria method in an attempt to standardize it in regional planning studies and to inspire similar studies in which different criteria can be used to achieve the maximum efficiency.