Browsing by Author "Sevik, H."

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A Comparative Study About Physical Properties of Copper Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Fagus orientalis L. as Bioindicator
(2024.01.01) Isinkaralar, K.; Isinkaralar, O.; Ozel, H.B.; Sevik, H.
Nanoparticles (NPs) have recently begun to be used extensively in many areas of our lives. It is stated that the resulting NPs pollution will affect even the most remote ecosystems on the Earth. Therefore, determining the effects of NPs on diverse ecosystems is a research topic of interest. From this perspective, current researches on NPs affecting forest ecosystems and forest trees are very scarce. The aim of this investigation was to reveal the inhibitory and toxic properties of CuO and ZnO-NPs on oriental beech seed germination parameters and identify the toxic threshold values of CuO and ZnO-NPs. Therefore, the oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) seeds obtained from ten populations (P1 to P10) were treated with CuO and ZnO-NPs as single compounds at concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/L and germination rate (GR), germination percentage (GP), root collar diameter (RCD), plumula length (PL), radicle thickness (RT) and radicle diameter (RD) were determined for 35 days. The water containing CuO-ZnO NPs as a single compound at 1000 mg/L negatively affected all growth in general. The significant decrease in our study occurred at P9. The CuO-ZnO NPs were reduced in GP, RCD, PL, RT, and RD as 3.5-4.2%; 11.2-0.1%; 9.1-36.4%; 23.07-38.46%; and 39.29-17.86%, while GR enhanced as 21.46-20.09%. It was found that water with a low concentration of NP (200 mg/L) is suitable for irrigation of seeds grown in soil media and does not have a significant toxic effect on the growth and uptake of metal ions. The findings and limitations of the present research allow us to assess the feasibility of reusing NP-contaminated water in agriculture. Nevertheless, further research is needed to understand the toxic effects of NP mixtures on growth and absorption mechanisms.
Altitude-dependent Variations in Some Morphological and Anatomical Features of Anatolian Chestnut
(2024.01.01) Özdikmenli, G.; Yigit, N.; Özel, H.B.; Sevik, H.
Morphological measurements of Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mili.) Ieaves were done within the borders of Abana district of Kastamonu province. The study was conducted using mixed (oak, beech, hornbeam, black pine, and yellow pine) medium (41% to 70%) and fully closed (71% to 100%) stands. Some leaf parameters, such as leaf blade width, petiole length, leaf blade length, leaf length, distance between lateral veins, teeth width, teeth length, the angle between the leaf base and the petiole, and the angle between the midrib and lateral veins, were measured. Moreover, stomata of the leaves picked up from precise altitudes were observed under a scanning electron microscope. The differences between fibre elevation, fibre wall thickness, elasticity coefficient, rigidity coefficient, Muhlstep rate, and Runkel ratio were found in the wood samples taken from different altitude zones. It was found that altitude did not affect leaf blade width, fibre length, fibre width, felting ratio, and lumen width. However, it was determined that altitude affected other studied characteristics.
Are there hybrid zones in Fagus sylvatica L. sensu lato?
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Hrivnák, M.; Krajmerová, D.; Paule, L.; Zhelev, P.; Sevik, H.; Ivanković, M.; Goginashvili, N.; Paule, J.; Gömöry, D.
The complex of beech taxa in western Eurasia (Fagus sylvatica L. s.l.) represents one of the most widespread broad-leaved trees in the temperate forests of the northern hemisphere. Two subspecies are generally recognized, F. sylvatica ssp. sylvatica in Europe and F. sylvatica ssp. orientalis in southwestern Asia, but several strongly differentiated regional populations were identified within this complex. To reveal geographical and genomic patterns of hybridization and introgression, genetic variation at 6789 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) resulting from ddRAD sequencing was studied in 288 specimens representing 207 populations distributed across the whole range. Two clusters resulting from a Bayesian analysis of population Structure well coincided with the subspecies, while increasing the number of clusters allowed to distinguish divergent lineages within subspecies. Two zones of potential hybridization between such lineages were analyzed: western Balkans at the contact of both subspecies and the Alpine area at the contact of populations coming from different glacial refugia. Geographical distribution of hybrid indices in the Balkan hybrid zone indicates asymmetric gene flow preferentially directed from F. orientalis to F. sylvatica. Eight SNPs showed a significant shift of genomic cline centers, seven of them toward excess F. orientalis ancestry, suggesting that introgression irregularly affects different regions of the beech genome. On the other hand, no genomic cline outliers were found in the Alpine hybrid zone. Implications for assisted gene flow are shortly discussed.
Are there hybrid zones in Fagus sylvatica L. sensu lato?
(2023.01.01) Hrivnák, M.; Krajmerová, D.; Paule, L.; Zhelev, P.; Sevik, H.; Ivankovic, M.; Goginashvili, N.; Paule, J.; Gömöry, D.
The complex of beech taxa in western Eurasia (Fagus sylvatica L. s.l.) represents one of the most widespread broad-leaved trees in the temperate forests of the northern hemisphere. Two subspecies are generally recognized, F. sylvatica ssp. sylvatica in Europe and F. sylvatica ssp. orientalis in southwestern Asia, but several strongly differentiated regional populations were identified within this complex. To reveal geographical and genomic patterns of hybridization and introgression, genetic variation at 6789 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) resulting from ddRAD sequencing was studied in 288 specimens representing 207 populations distributed across the whole range. Two clusters resulting from a Bayesian analysis of population Structure well coincided with the subspecies, while increasing the number of clusters allowed to distinguish divergent lineages within subspecies. Two zones of potential hybridization between such lineages were analyzed: western Balkans at the contact of both subspecies and the Alpine area at the contact of populations coming from different glacial refugia. Geographical distribution of hybrid indices in the Balkan hybrid zone indicates asymmetric gene flow preferentially directed from F. orientalis to F. sylvatica. Eight SNPs showed a significant shift of genomic cline centers, seven of them toward excess F. orientalis ancestry, suggesting that introgression irregularly affects different regions of the beech genome. On the other hand, no genomic cline outliers were found in the Alpine hybrid zone. Implications for assisted gene flow are shortly discussed.
Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Highland Areas in Kastamonu, Turkey
(2024.01.01) Gur, E.; Palta, S.; Ozel, H.B.; Varol, T.; Sevik, H.; Cetin, M.; Kocan, N.
This study aimed to assess the potential impact of global climate change on the highland areas of Kastamonu, a significant province in Turkey known for its numerous and varied highlands. The investigation focused on 59 selected highland locations within the region. Using the De Martonne climate classification, projections were made for four future periods (2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100) under two scenarios: SSPs 245 and SSPs 585. The outcomes of the study indicate that the highlands under scrutiny are susceptible to substantial effects from global climate change. Notably, these climatic alterations are expected to become evident within the next two decades, predominantly manifesting as a shift towards arid climate classifications. These shifts are anticipated to have a profound impact on the composition and diversity of species in the highland ecosystems. Based on the findings, it is advisable to consider interventions for the most climate-sensitive highland areas, such as facilitating the migration of species adapted to the new climate conditions and implementing initiatives to enhance species diversity. These efforts could help mitigate the potential loss of species and populations resulting from climate change.
Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Highland Areas in Kastamonu, Turkey
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Gur, E.; Palta, S.; Ozel, H.B.; Varol, T.; Sevik, H.; Cetin, M.; Kocan, N.
This study aimed to assess the potential impact of global climate change on the highland areas of Kastamonu, a significant province in Turkey known for its numerous and varied highlands. The investigation focused on 59 selected highland locations within the region. Using the De Martonne climate classification, projections were made for four future periods (2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100) under two scenarios: SSPs 245 and SSPs 585. The outcomes of the study indicate that the highlands under scrutiny are susceptible to substantial effects from global climate change. Notably, these climatic alterations are expected to become evident within the next two decades, predominantly manifesting as a shift towards arid climate classifications. These shifts are anticipated to have a profound impact on the composition and diversity of species in the highland ecosystems. Based on the findings, it is advisable to consider interventions for the most climate-sensitive highland areas, such as facilitating the migration of species adapted to the new climate conditions and implementing initiatives to enhance species diversity. These efforts could help mitigate the potential loss of species and populations resulting from climate change.
Assessment of metals (Ni, Ba) deposition in plant types and their organs at Mersin City, Türkiye
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Koç, İ.; Canturk, U.; Isinkaralar, K.; Ozel, H.B.; Sevik, H.
The increase in heavy metal concentrations in the air, especially after the Industrial Revolution, is notable for the scientific world because of the adverse effects that threaten environmental and human health. Among the trace elements, nickel (Ni) is carcinogenic, and all barium (Ba) compounds are toxic. Trace elements are critical for human and environmental health. Their threat further increases, especially in the urban areas and surroundings with a high population. In urban areas, the trace element contamination in the airborne can be reduced using plants. However, which plant and plant organs absorb trace elements could not be determined. In the present study, Ni and Ba concentrations in the branch, wood, and leaf samples of 14 species collected from the city center of Mersin province were determined. As a result, broad-leaved species' Ni and Ba concentrations in their leaf sample were generally higher than other species. Almost all species had the lowest Ni and Ba concentrations in their wood samples. Among these 14 species, it was found that Ni concentration was very high, especially in non-washed leaves of Platanus orientalis, Photinia serrulata, and Citrus reticulate, and Ba concentration was very high in Citrus reticulata, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Laurus nobilis, and Acer hyrcanum. Using broad-leaved species in urban areas where pollution is at high levels will significantly contribute to reducing Ni and Ba pollution. It is recommended that these points be considered in future urban landscaping projects
Assessment of metals (Ni, Ba) deposition in plant types and their organs at Mersin City, Türkiye
(2024) Koç, İ.; Canturk, U.; Isinkaralar, K.; Ozel, H.B.; Sevik, H.
The increase in heavy metal concentrations in the air, especially after the Industrial Revolution, is notable for the scientific world because of the adverse effects that threaten environmental and human health. Among the trace elements, nickel (Ni) is carcinogenic, and all barium (Ba) compounds are toxic. Trace elements are critical for human and environmental health. Their threat further increases, especially in the urban areas and surroundings with a high population. In urban areas, the trace element contamination in the airborne can be reduced using plants. However, which plant and plant organs absorb trace elements could not be determined. In the present study, Ni and Ba concentrations in the branch, wood, and leaf samples of 14 species collected from the city center of Mersin province were determined. As a result, broad-leaved species' Ni and Ba concentrations in their leaf sample were generally higher than other species. Almost all species had the lowest Ni and Ba concentrations in their wood samples. Among these 14 species, it was found that Ni concentration was very high, especially in non-washed leaves of Platanus orientalis, Photinia serrulata, and Citrus reticulate, and Ba concentration was very high in Citrus reticulata, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Laurus nobilis, and Acer hyrcanum. Using broad-leaved species in urban areas where pollution is at high levels will significantly contribute to reducing Ni and Ba pollution. It is recommended that these points be considered in future urban landscaping projects.
Assessment of metals (Ni, Ba) deposition in plant types and their organs at Mersin City, Türkiye
(2024.01.01) Koç, I.; Canturk, U.; Isinkaralar, K.; Ozel, H.B.; Sevik, H.
The increase in heavy metal concentrations in the air, especially after the Industrial Revolution, is notable for the scientific world because of the adverse effects that threaten environmental and human health. Among the trace elements, nickel (Ni) is carcinogenic, and all barium (Ba) compounds are toxic. Trace elements are critical for human and environmental health. Their threat further increases, especially in the urban areas and surroundings with a high population. In urban areas, the trace element contamination in the airborne can be reduced using plants. However, which plant and plant organs absorb trace elements could not be determined. In the present study, Ni and Ba concentrations in the branch, wood, and leaf samples of 14 species collected from the city center of Mersin province were determined. As a result, broad-leaved species' Ni and Ba concentrations in their leaf sample were generally higher than other species. Almost all species had the lowest Ni and Ba concentrations in their wood samples. Among these 14 species, it was found that Ni concentration was very high, especially in non-washed leaves of Platanus orientalis, Photinia serrulata, and Citrus reticulate, and Ba concentration was very high in Citrus reticulata, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Laurus nobilis, and Acer hyrcanum. Using broad-leaved species in urban areas where pollution is at high levels will significantly contribute to reducing Ni and Ba pollution. It is recommended that these points be considered in future urban landscaping projects.
Bio-climatic Comfort and Climate Change Nexus: A Case Study in Burdur Basin
(2023.01.01) Isinkaralar, O.; Isinkaralar, K.; Sevik, H.; Küçük, Ö.
Aim of study: Climate change triggers many problems, such as loss of biodiversity on land and sea, destruction of forest areas, poverty, inequality, and economic development. One of the most vital indicators of quality of life and sustainable development is temperature, humidity, and wind conditions, which are in the range of bio-climatic comfort values. The changes in these parameters due to global warming threaten vitality and affect the use of space and quality of life in cities. The study aimed to model the evolution of bioclimatic comfort zones with the effect of climate change in the research area.Area of study: The research was carried out in the Burdur Basin of Turkiye, which is an area that includes the underground and surface water bodies and the lakes region within its borders.Material and Methods: Models were produced at 20-year intervals until 2100. The spatio-temporal variations are generated according to the IPCC's SSPs 245 and SSPs 585 scenarios. The discomfort index (DI) and Effective warming wind speed (ETv) were used to determine bioclimatic comfort.Main Results: According to the DI, 87.4% of the area will be in the cold zone today, while in 2100, 50.5%, according to the SSP245, and 98.3%, according to the SSP 585 will be in the comfort zone. According to ETv, 92.7% of the area is quite cool today; by 2100, 90% of the site will be classified as slightly cool according to SSP 245, and 89.3%, according to SSP 585 will turn into mild areas. Research highlights: The results of the research reflect the spatial impact of climate change and are significant in terms of holistic risk management at the basin scale
Change in Some Heavy Metal Concentrations in Forest Trees by Species, Organ, and Soil Depth
(2023.01.01) Erdem, R.; Aricak, B.; Cetin, M.; Sevik, H.
Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important environmental problems nowadays, and studies on monitoring and reducing heavy metal pollution are among the popular and high-priority study subjects. It was stated that the most effective instrument in monitoring heavy metal pollution and reducing pollution is the plants. However, the heavy metal accumulation potential remarkably differs among the organs of plants. Within the scope of this study, the concentrations of Cu, Mn, and Al, which are among the most dangerous and important heavy metals for human health, in the soils in which forest tree species Pinus nigra Arnold., Pinus silvestris L., Fagus orientalis Libsky., and Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmulleriana Mattf. are grown and analyzed at different soil depths and in leaf, bark, wood, cone, and root organs. As a result, the highest concentrations were found in cone and bark for Cu, leaf for Mn, and root for Al. For this reason, among the elements examined here, it is estimated that Mn is taken into the plant body mainly from the air through leaves, and Al is mainly taken from the soil via roots. The results obtained here suggest that the transfer of all three elements between organs was very limited and that species utilize elements in the soil at different levels. Study results might provide important information about which species can be used in reducing heavy metal pollution in which environment.
Change of Cr concentration from past to present in areas with elevated air pollution
(Institute for Ionics, 2024) Koc, I.; Cobanoglu, H.; Canturk, U.; Key, K.; Kulac, S.; Sevik, H.
Chromium (Cr) is one of the most detrimental heavy metals, the concentration of which has increased significantly in nature in the last century. Cr pollution can cause toxic and harmful health effects by causing high accumulation levels in animal and human tissues, seriously affecting ecosystems and natural resources. Due to environmental and human health risks, it is critical to track the change of Cr pollution in the air and reduce it. This study aims to determine the suitable tree species that can be used for observing and reducing Cr pollution. For this purpose, samples (wood, inner bark and outer bark) taken from Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, Picea orientalis, Cedrus atlantica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii species grown in Düzce, Türkiye, which is among the 5 most polluted cities in Europe according to the World Air Pollution 2021 Report, were examined. The accumulation of Cr concentration was determined by species (40-year-old), organ, and direction, and changes in age range were evaluated. As a result of the study, while the highest concentration levels were determined in the outer bark in general, it was interpreted that the branching structure affected this situation. The study results reveal that, in general, Cr pollution is mainly caused by traffic. It has been determined that C. arizonica and P. menziesii are the suitable tree species that can be used for observing and reducing Cr pollution in the air.
Change of Cr concentration from past to present in areas with elevated air pollution
(Institute for Ionics, 2023.01.01) Koc, I.; Cobanoglu, H.; Canturk, U.; Key, K.; Kulac, S.; Sevik, H.
Chromium (Cr) is one of the most detrimental heavy metals, the concentration of which has increased significantly in nature in the last century. Cr pollution can cause toxic and harmful health effects by causing high accumulation levels in animal and human tissues, seriously affecting ecosystems and natural resources. Due to environmental and human health risks, it is critical to track the change of Cr pollution in the air and reduce it. This study aims to determine the suitable tree species that can be used for observing and reducing Cr pollution. For this purpose, samples (wood, inner bark and outer bark) taken from Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, Picea orientalis, Cedrus atlantica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii species grown in Duzce, Turkiye, which is among the 5 most polluted cities in Europe according to the World Air Pollution 2021 Report, were examined. The accumulation of Cr concentration was determined by species (40-year-old), organ, and direction, and changes in age range were evaluated. As a result of the study, while the highest concentration levels were determined in the outer bark in general, it was interpreted that the branching structure affected this situation. The study results reveal that, in general, Cr pollution is mainly caused by traffic. It has been determined that C. arizonica and P. menziesii are the suitable tree species that can be used for observing and reducing Cr pollution in the air.
Climate Change Effect on Potential Distribution of Anatolian Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in the Upcoming Century in Turkiye
(2023.01.01) Çobanoglu, H.; Cantürk, U.; Koç, I.; Kulaç, S.; Sevik, H.
Climate change, which is effective on a global scale, affects almost all living creatures and ecosystems directly or indirectly. Forests are at the top of the ecosystems that are predicted to be affected more by climate. This study intended to determine how the growth regions of the Anatolian chestnut in Turkiye belong to one of the utmost vital forest tree species, which will be affected by climate change. Within the study scope, suitable areas for the growth of the species in 2040, 2060, 2080, and 2100 were determined under different scenario models [intermediate (shared socio-economic pathways 245) and most extreme (shared socio-economic pathway 585)] and compared with the natural distribution areas of today (the year of 2020). As a result of the study, it is predicted that the suitable distribution areas for Anatolian chestnut cultivation will decrease significantly, especially after 2060-2080, and even disappear entirely by 2080, according to the extreme scenarios. Even with the best scenario (shared socio-economic pathway 245), it is projected that the suitable growth regions for Anatolian chestnuts will decrease to one-fifth of today's levels in 2100. It may be recommended to create mixed forests with better-adapted chestnut varieties or origins for future conditions due to being more resilient to various environmental stress factors. In addition, considering the future projections, new chestnut plantations should be established in suitable areas for chestnut production.
Clonal Variation Based on Some Morphological and Micromorphological Characteristics in the Boyabat (Sinop/Turkey) Black Pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) Seed Orchard
(2023.01.01) Yigit, N.; Ozturk, A.; Sevik, H.; Ozel, H.B.; Kshkush, FER.; Isik, B.
Seed orchards with high hereditary qualities and the improvement studies used are of great importance. This study was carried out on individuals in a Boyabat grafted black pine seed orchard, Sinop. The morphological and micromorphological measurements of the characteristics were performed on needle samples taken from individuals, and the genetic diversity was determined on a clonal basis. According to the analysis of variance applied to the data obtained from the measurements and the morphological and micromorphological characters of the clones, it was determined that there was a significant difference among the clones at the P<0.001 confidence level. In this context, according to Duncan's Range test, the creation of a large number of groups is an indicator of it. The highest heritability rates were obtained in needle diameter, stipule diameter, number of the dorsal stoma, and needle length characteristics.
Comprehensive risk assessment for identifying suitable residential zones in Manavgat, Mediterranean Region
(2024) Dogan, S.; Kilicoglu, C.; Akinci, H.; Sevik, H.; Cetin, M.; Kocan, N.
The absence of comprehensive risk analysis in residential development within certain regions often leads to substantial human and material losses during natural disasters. The Mediterranean region, particularly susceptible to the impacts of climate change, is projected to witness an upsurge in the frequency of natural calamities like floods, landslides, and forest fires. Consequently, meticulous risk assessment during the selection of residential areas becomes paramount in this context. This study is dedicated to the evaluation of suitable residential zones in Manavgat, a pivotal location in the Mediterranean region with a progressively growing population. The findings indicate that approximately 4.26 % of the research area is deemed appropriate for residential establishment. The identification of these locations is crucial for ensuring human and material safety, as well as enhancing overall biocomfort. Moreover, this study provides a foundation for long-term planning initiatives within the region and makes a significant contribution to the international evaluation literature by demonstrating the application of integrated risk assessment methodologies in urban planning.
Comprehensive risk assessment for identifying suitable residential zones in Manavgat, Mediterranean Region
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Dogan, S.; Kilicoglu, C.; Akinci, H.; Sevik, H.; Cetin, M.; Kocan, N.
The absence of comprehensive risk analysis in residential development within certain regions often leads to substantial human and material losses during natural disasters. The Mediterranean region, particularly susceptible to the impacts of climate change, is projected to witness an upsurge in the frequency of natural calamities like floods, landslides, and forest fires. Consequently, meticulous risk assessment during the selection of residential areas becomes paramount in this context. This study is dedicated to the evaluation of suitable residential zones in Manavgat, a pivotal location in the Mediterranean region with a progressively growing population. The findings indicate that approximately 4.26 % of the research area is deemed appropriate for residential establishment. The identification of these locations is crucial for ensuring human and material safety, as well as enhancing overall biocomfort. Moreover, this study provides a foundation for long-term planning initiatives within the region and makes a significant contribution to the international evaluation literature by demonstrating the application of integrated risk assessment methodologies in urban planning.
Comprehensive risk assessment for identifying suitable residential zones in Manavgat, Mediterranean Region
(2024.01.01) Dogan, S.; Kilicoglu, C.; Akinci, H.; Sevik, H.; Cetin, M.; Kocan, N.
The absence of comprehensive risk analysis in residential development within certain regions often leads to substantial human and material losses during natural disasters. The Mediterranean region, particularly susceptible to the impacts of climate change, is projected to witness an upsurge in the frequency of natural calamities like floods, landslides, and forest fires. Consequently, meticulous risk assessment during the selection of residential areas becomes paramount in this context. This study is dedicated to the evaluation of suitable residential zones in Manavgat, a pivotal location in the Mediterranean region with a progressively growing population. The findings indicate that approximately 4.26 % of the research area is deemed appropriate for residential establishment. The identification of these locations is crucial for ensuring human and material safety, as well as enhancing overall biocomfort. Moreover, this study provides a foundation for long-term planning initiatives within the region and makes a significant contribution to the international evaluation literature by demonstrating the application of integrated risk assessment methodologies in urban planning.
Identification of proper species that can be used to monitor and decrease airborne Sb pollution
(2024) Canturk, U.; Koç, İ.; Ozel, H.B.; Sevik, H.
Heavy metal concentrations, which have increased continuously in the environment this century due to anthropogenic factors, severely threaten human and environmental health. Antimony (Sb) is one of the most toxic and harmful heavy metals in terms of human and environmental health. Therefore, the priority research subjects are monitoring the alteration of Sb pollution in the airborne and reducing pollution. This study was conducted to conclude the proper species to monitor and drop airborne Sb contamination on trees grown in Düzce, the 5th most polluted European city. This study examined samples taken from Pseudotsuga menziesii, Cupressus arizonica, Pinus pinaster, Picea orientalis, and Cedrus atlantica, and the Sb concentration changes based on tree species, route, tissue, and age range in the last 40 years were evaluated. The study hypothesizes that Sb concentration varies depending on (1) tree species, (2) direction, (3) plant tissue, and (4) age range, all confirmed in this study. In conclusion, the maximum concentrations were achieved in the outer bark and east (5.45 µg g) and north directions (6.72 µg g), with high traffic density. In addition, the mining and industrial places (sources of metal pollution) are not close to the study area. Therefore, it was concluded that traffic pollution was the primary source of Sb pollution in the study area. The study revealed that C. arizonica is the most suitable species for monitoring and reducing the change in Sb pollution because the highest Sb concentration (4.47 µg g) in wood (the largest organ) was obtained in C. arizonica.
Identification of proper species that can be used to monitor and decrease airborne Sb pollution
(Springer, 2024) Canturk, U.; Koç, İ.; Ozel, H.B.; Sevik, H.
Heavy metal concentrations, which have increased continuously in the environment this century due to anthropogenic factors, severely threaten human and environmental health. Antimony (Sb) is one of the most toxic and harmful heavy metals in terms of human and environmental health. Therefore, the priority research subjects are monitoring the alteration of Sb pollution in the airborne and reducing pollution. This study was conducted to conclude the proper species to monitor and drop airborne Sb contamination on trees grown in Düzce, the 5th most polluted European city. This study examined samples taken from Pseudotsuga menziesii, Cupressus arizonica, Pinus pinaster, Picea orientalis, and Cedrus atlantica, and the Sb concentration changes based on tree species, route, tissue, and age range in the last 40 years were evaluated. The study hypothesizes that Sb concentration varies depending on (1) tree species, (2) direction, (3) plant tissue, and (4) age range, all confirmed in this study. In conclusion, the maximum concentrations were achieved in the outer bark and east (5.45 µg g−1) and north directions (6.72 µg g−1), with high traffic density. In addition, the mining and industrial places (sources of metal pollution) are not close to the study area. Therefore, it was concluded that traffic pollution was the primary source of Sb pollution in the study area. The study revealed that C. arizonica is the most suitable species for monitoring and reducing the change in Sb pollution because the highest Sb concentration (4.47 µg g−1) in wood (the largest organ) was obtained in C. arizonica