Browsing by Author "Sönmez A."

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A comparative analysis of water quality assessment methods for heavy metal pollution in karasu stream, Turkey
(2013-04-05) Sönmez A.; Hisar O.; Yanik T.
Heavy metals are among the most persistent of pollutants in aquatic systems due to their resistance to decomposition in nature. Four assessment methods (two pollution indexes and two fuzzy mathematical models - single-factor deciding and weighted average models) were used to check the level and characteristics of heavy metal pollution in the Karasů stream water. Several heavy metals such as Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd) and Iron (Fe) were tested with these methods. A data set (12 months, total 180 measurements) was collected from 5 sampling points (A-E) of the River. The used criteria were classes, I-IV represents from clear to polluted one. Water quality was assessed as class IV from all water samples collected from the each station with single-factor index method. It was identified to be class IV from the samples of A, B, C and D stations, and class III from the sample of E station with the comprehensive index model. By using the fuzzy mathematical methods, the water quality were determined as classes of IV, IV, IV, II and II from the water samples of A, B, C, D and E stations respectively. Introduction of membership degree and weight of each factor to fuzzy mathematical models made the methods more reasonable in the field of water quality assessment. Therefore, these fuzzy mathematical methods might be quite convenient in evaluation of water pollution and classification considering the results of the present study. © by PSP.
Comparison of Post-mortem Mass Changes in Myosin Heavy Chain and Textural Characteristics among Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1972), Salmo trutta fario (Linnaeus, 1758) and Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814)
(2019-11-01) Çırak S.; Taştan Y.; Sönmez A.
In this study, post-mortem myofibril proteins change in myosin heavy chain (MHC) mass using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), texture properties such as hardness, stickiness, cohesiveness, elasticity, chewiness, gumminess and stress relaxation test parameters (Fmax, Fmin and Fmax-Fmin) were determined and compared on the days 0, 3, 6 and 9 in three different trout species (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta fario and Salvelinus fontinalis). In terms of texture properties, post-mortem hardness, cohesiveness, elasticity, chewiness and gumminess were decreased day by day, whereas stickiness, Fmax, Fmin and Fmax-Fmin were significantly increased (p <.05). According to SDS-PAGE results, a decreased value on MHC was determined (p <.05). Texture properties and SDS-PAGE results were found different among groups (p <.05). Correlation between chewiness, gumminess, MHC and hardness; between chewiness and gumminess; between Fmin, Fmax-Fmin and Fmax; between Fmin and Fmax-Fmin were significant. As a result of the study, S. fontinalis exhibited least deterioration in comparison with other species and it was determined that SDS-PAGE results and texture properties support each other.
Effects of dietary supplementation of herbal oils containing 1,8-cineole, carvacrol or pulegone on growth performance, survival, fatty acid composition, and liver and kidney histology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings
(2015-01-01) Sönmez A.; Bilen S.; Albayrak M.; Yılmaz S.; Biswas G.; Hisar O.; Yanık T.
A feeding trial was performed to assess any beneficial effect of three herbal oils; mint, thyme and sage oils containing 74 g kg-1 pulegone, 77 g kg-1 carvacrol and 76 g kg-11,8-cineole, respectively on growth performance, survival, fatty acid composition, and liver and kidney histology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Herbal oils were added at 0.5 %, 1.0% and 1.5 % concentrations to a fish meal-based control diet, and each diet was fed to triplicate groups of rainbow trout fingerlings for 60 days with growth parameters recorded weekly. Results showed that FCR was affected negatively in all mint oil diet fed groups where it was higher than that of control and other groups (P<0.05). The lowest FCR values were recorded in the thyme and sage oil containing diets fed groups (P<0.05) with no significant differences between these two groups. SGR was also found lower in mint oil groups than in control. The highest SGR was recorded in thyme and sage oil fed groups (P<0.05). Survival was similar in fish fed with diets containing thyme, sage oil and control diet (P>0.05). However, survival was the lowest in fish fed with mint oil supplemented diets(P<0.05). Whole body fatty acid profiles except total saturated fatty acids are closely influenced by dietary herbal oil administrations. Total polyunsaturated n-6 fatty acid was lowest in 1 %thyme oil and all sage oil diet fed groups (P<0.05). Total polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid was similar between control and sage oil supplemented groups, but in other groups it was significantly decreased (P<0.05). EPA/DHA ratio was observed significantly low in 1.5 %thyme oil and all groups of sage oil fed fish. There were no histological differences observed in liver or kidney of fish fedwith control and 0.5 % and 1 % thyme and sage oil supplemented diets.The present results showed positive effects of thyme and sage herbal essential oil supplemented diets on growth performance and fatty acid utilization and these oils may be useful feed supplements in production of rainbow trout.
Effects of grape Vitis vinifera seed oil supplementation on growth, survival, fatty acid profiles, antioxidant contents and blood parameters in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
(2018-06-01) Arslan G.; Sönmez A.; Yank T.
In this study, effects of grape Vitis vinifera seed oil supplementation (0, 250 mg, 500 mg, 1,000 mg/kg feed) for 60 days on rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss juveniles were investigated. The average final fish weights were not different between the control group and 500 mg/kg feed group (p >.05), but 250 mg/kg feed group were lower than those of the control group, and 1,000 mg/kg feed group were higher than those of the control group. Although the SFA, MUFA and n3 ratios of the control group were higher than that of the other groups, no statistical difference was found. The highest fatty acids in the fish were palmitic acid C 16: 0 in the SFA group and C 18: 1n-9 and docosahexaenoic acid C 22: 6n-3 in the PUFA group. The EPA ratio was significantly increased in all groups compared with the control group. The DHA ratio was significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental groups, and there was no difference between the experimental groups. Urea were significantly lower in the 250 mg/kg feed group. Total protein and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly increased in the 1,000 mg/kg feed group. Only the 1,000 mg/kg feed group showed an increase in antioxidant activities, and this concentration also yielded positive results in terms of growth performance, survival rates, fatty acid composition and antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout juvenile and can be used as a natural feed additive.
Effects of prebiotic mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) on histology and biochemical blood parameters of gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata
(2014-01-01) Gültepe N.; Kesbiç O.; Acar Ü.; Gökkuş K.; İrşad Gültepe M.; Sönmez A.; Bilen S.; Aydın S.
A 90-day growth trial was conducted to determine the effects of prebiotic mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) on the histology and biochemical blood parameters of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Two experimental diets were formulated to contain MOS (Bio-Mos®) levels of 0 and 2 g/kg. The fish averaging 172.11±13.19 g were reared in six octagonal net cages (763 m3). Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation. Individual body weight, weight gain, survival rate and feed conversion rate FCR were measured during the experiment. The treatments produced significant differences in body weight. and weight. gain (p<0.050) but no significant effect on the survival rates and FCR (P>0.05). At the end of the experimental period, biochemical blood parameters were analyzed. Blood urea level was significantly affected in the MOS group (P<0.05). No remarkable alterations in histological examinations were found. This study highlighted the positive effects of prebiotic MOS on protein efficiency and weight gain of gilthead seabream.
Evaluating two different additive levels of fully autolyzed yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance, liver histology and fatty acid composition
(2017-03-01) Sönmez A.
This study examined the effects of fully autolyzed Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASC) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance, liver histology and fatty acid composition. 2700 rainbow trout (4.9 ±0.1 g mean weight) were acclimated to rearing conditions and then randomly divided into three groups of triplicate cages. Rainbow trout were feed with three different doses of ASC (0 (control), 1 ‰ and 2 ‰) for 70 days. At the end of the study, growth performance, liver histology, fatty acid composition and survival rate were determined. Feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased and specific growth rate was increased (P<0.01) on 2‰ ASC added group compared to other groups. No differences were observed among group’s liver histology. Whole-body proximate composition showed no differences among groups (P>0.05) except in fat content, which was enhanced in both ASC groups compared to control (P<0.05). The fatty acid composition of fish fillets differed only marginally among the experimental groups. The muscles of fish fed the diets with ASC had a significantly decreased in 18:0 (P<0.05) and an increased in 15:1 (P<0.01) content compared to control groups. The content of n-3 fatty acids and DHA/EPA ratio were not affected by ASC addition. In conclusion, the results of the study indicate that 2‰ supplementation level of the ASC showed beneficial effects on the growth performance without affecting moisture, protein and ash content of rainbow trout.
Evaluating two different additive levels of fully autolyzed yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance, liver histology and fatty acid composition
(2017-03-01) Sönmez A.; Sonmez, AY
This study examined the effects of fully autolyzed Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ASC) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance, liver histology and fatty acid composition. 2700 rainbow trout (4.9 ±0.1 g mean weight) were acclimated to rearing conditions and then randomly divided into three groups of triplicate cages. Rainbow trout were feed with three different doses of ASC (0 (control), 1 ‰ and 2 ‰) for 70 days. At the end of the study, growth performance, liver histology, fatty acid composition and survival rate were determined. Feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased and specific growth rate was increased (P<0.01) on 2‰ ASC added group compared to other groups. No differences were observed among group’s liver histology. Whole-body proximate composition showed no differences among groups (P>0.05) except in fat content, which was enhanced in both ASC groups compared to control (P<0.05). The fatty acid composition of fish fillets differed only marginally among the experimental groups. The muscles of fish fed the diets with ASC had a significantly decreased in 18:0 (P<0.05) and an increased in 15:1 (P<0.01) content compared to control groups. The content of n-3 fatty acids and DHA/EPA ratio were not affected by ASC addition. In conclusion, the results of the study indicate that 2‰ supplementation level of the ASC showed beneficial effects on the growth performance without affecting moisture, protein and ash content of rainbow trout.