Browsing by Author "Koch M.A."

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A new subspecies of Grammosciadium macrodon Boiss. (Apiaceae) from Turkey
(2015-09-02) Bani B.; Koch M.A.
Grammosciadium macrodon subsp. nezaketae is described as endemic to Eastern Anatolia. The new subspecies differs remarkably from the G. macrodon subsp. macrodon based on fruit characters. In addition to the diagnostic fruit characters, other significant morphological and anatomical differences between these two taxa are presented as well. A quantitative, morphometric analysis was carried out to achieve more reasonable results and to discuss diagnostic characters in Grammosciadium macrodon and its morphologically closest relatives.
Phylogenetics, phylogeography and vicariance of polyphyletic Grammosciadium (Apiaceae: Careae) in Anatolia
(2017-10-01) Koch M.A.; Bani B.; German D.A.; Huang X.C.
Detailed phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary histories and phylogeographical hypotheses are still quite rare for the many genera of Apiaceae. One of the reasons for this is that traditional generic circumscriptions based on morphology and anatomy largely failed to recognize the group as monophyletic. This is also true for apioid members of Apiaceae with c. 400 genera. Here we focus on Grammosciadium s.l. centred in Turkey and unravel its evolutionary history. Based on three loci from the plastid genome and nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 from the nuclear encoded ribosomal RNA operon, we show that Grammosciadium in its current circumscription is not monophyletic and represents an assemblage of species from four genera (Carum, Chamaesciadium, Fuernrohria, Grammosciadium). Diversification of this group started c. 7 Mya in the late Miocene. Most present-day species arose during the Pliocene with most of the intra-species diversification occurring during the Pleistocene. Plastome type variation does not resolve any of the main clades and there is little spatial structure of the distribution of high plastid genetic variation. The majority of species of pre-Quarternary origin are found east of the Anatolian Diagonal, running diagonally across central and eastern Turkey. This might indicate that the Diagonal acted as a barrier to gene flow and migration during the Pliocene and that eastern Anatolia may have served as a cradle for Pleistocene diversification and speciation processes in Turkey. We also provide a key to the species of the revised genus and introduce several taxonomic changes.
Taxonomic implications from morphological and anatomical studies in the section Stenodiptera from the genus Grammosciadium (Apiaceae)
(2016-01-01) Bani B.; Ulusoy F.; Karakaya M.A.; Koch M.A.
Grammosciadium pterocarpum subsp. bilgilii and G. pterocarpum subsp. sivasicum from Turkey are herein described as two new subspecies, and the species G. schischkinii is synonymied under G. pterocarpum subsp. pterocarpum. Quantitative variation of morphological and anatomical characters have been analysed to provide discriminative characters between the taxa of section Stenodiptera and to provide a key to the species. The taxonomic status of the taxa has been discussed in light of these morphological and fruit anatomical data using multivariate statistics such as MANOVA and Principal Component Analysis. The results are also used to present a critical discussion of characters used to distinguish and determine different taxa within Grammosciadium. MANOVA showed that ten characters, except stylopodium and style length, differed significantly among the taxa, and the results were confirmed by Tukey tests and PCA analysis (except the character of fruit number). However, only ranges of the characters of sepal length, fruit length, fruit width, fruit width/wing width ratio, and width of fruit wing are not overlapped. Qualitative characters of petiolate stipular segments of lower leaves and presence of funicular oil ducts in transvers section of mericarps were found as diagnostic characters.