Browsing by Author "Key, K."

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Change of Cr concentration from past to present in areas with elevated air pollution
(Institute for Ionics, 2024) Koc, I.; Cobanoglu, H.; Canturk, U.; Key, K.; Kulac, S.; Sevik, H.
Chromium (Cr) is one of the most detrimental heavy metals, the concentration of which has increased significantly in nature in the last century. Cr pollution can cause toxic and harmful health effects by causing high accumulation levels in animal and human tissues, seriously affecting ecosystems and natural resources. Due to environmental and human health risks, it is critical to track the change of Cr pollution in the air and reduce it. This study aims to determine the suitable tree species that can be used for observing and reducing Cr pollution. For this purpose, samples (wood, inner bark and outer bark) taken from Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, Picea orientalis, Cedrus atlantica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii species grown in Düzce, Türkiye, which is among the 5 most polluted cities in Europe according to the World Air Pollution 2021 Report, were examined. The accumulation of Cr concentration was determined by species (40-year-old), organ, and direction, and changes in age range were evaluated. As a result of the study, while the highest concentration levels were determined in the outer bark in general, it was interpreted that the branching structure affected this situation. The study results reveal that, in general, Cr pollution is mainly caused by traffic. It has been determined that C. arizonica and P. menziesii are the suitable tree species that can be used for observing and reducing Cr pollution in the air.
Change of Cr concentration from past to present in areas with elevated air pollution
(Institute for Ionics, 2023.01.01) Koc, I.; Cobanoglu, H.; Canturk, U.; Key, K.; Kulac, S.; Sevik, H.
Chromium (Cr) is one of the most detrimental heavy metals, the concentration of which has increased significantly in nature in the last century. Cr pollution can cause toxic and harmful health effects by causing high accumulation levels in animal and human tissues, seriously affecting ecosystems and natural resources. Due to environmental and human health risks, it is critical to track the change of Cr pollution in the air and reduce it. This study aims to determine the suitable tree species that can be used for observing and reducing Cr pollution. For this purpose, samples (wood, inner bark and outer bark) taken from Pinus pinaster, Cupressus arizonica, Picea orientalis, Cedrus atlantica, and Pseudotsuga menziesii species grown in Duzce, Turkiye, which is among the 5 most polluted cities in Europe according to the World Air Pollution 2021 Report, were examined. The accumulation of Cr concentration was determined by species (40-year-old), organ, and direction, and changes in age range were evaluated. As a result of the study, while the highest concentration levels were determined in the outer bark in general, it was interpreted that the branching structure affected this situation. The study results reveal that, in general, Cr pollution is mainly caused by traffic. It has been determined that C. arizonica and P. menziesii are the suitable tree species that can be used for observing and reducing Cr pollution in the air.
Proof of concept to characterize historical heavy-metal concentrations in atmosphere in North Turkey: determining the variations of Ni, Co, and Mn concentrations in 180-year-old Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazelnut) annual rings
(2023.01.01) Key, K.; Kulaç, S.; Koç, I.; Sevik, H.
Heavy metals (HMs) are among the pollutants posing a significant threat to human, animal, and environmental health. Therefore, monitoring HM concentration changes, especially in the air, is crucial. This study used Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazelnut) annual tree rings cut in 2020, and it was intended to define the 180-year variations in concentrations of Ni (nickel), Co (cobalt), and Mn (manganese) that are among the most harmful HMs. This study analyzed HMs concentrations in the wood, outer and inner bark in the north, south, east, and west directions and the seasonal variations in HM concentrations in tree rings. It was determined that, for all the three elements, the wood and barks significantly differed (P < 0.001) only in the north side, and the concentrations in wood were much lower than in the bark. The maximum concentrations were usually observed in annual rings in the west and south directions. The changes by both organ and direction can be related to the iron and steel factory and the highway, which are defined as HM sources. The results also revealed that the relocation of Co, Ni, and Mn in the wood of C. colurna tree remained at a limited level. The results suggest that C. colurna annual tree rings are very useful in tracking the variation of Ni, Co, and Mn concentrations.
Proof of concept to characterize historical heavy-metal concentrations in atmosphere in North Turkey: determining the variations of Ni, Co, and Mn concentrations in 180-year-old Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazelnut) annual rings
(2023) Key, K.; Kulaç, Ş.; Koç, İ.; Sevik, H.
Heavy metals (HMs) are among the pollutants posing a signifcant threat to human, animal, and environmental health. Therefore, monitoring HM concentration changes, especially in the air, is crucial. This study used Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazelnut) annual tree rings cut in 2020, and it was intended to defne the 180-year variations in concentrations of Ni (nickel), Co (cobalt), and Mn (manganese) that are among the most harmful HMs. This study analyzed HMs concentrations in the wood, outer and inner bark in the north, south, east, and west directions and the seasonal variations in HM concentrations in tree rings. It was determined that, for all the three elements, the wood and barks signifcantly difered (P<0.001) only in the north side, and the concentrations in wood were much lower than in the bark. The maximum concentrations were usually observed in annual rings in the west and south directions. The changes by both organ and direction can be related to the iron and steel factory and the highway, which are defned as HM sources. The results also revealed that the relocation of Co, Ni, and Mn in the wood of C. colurna tree remained at a limited level. The results suggest that C. colurna annual tree rings are very useful in tracking the variation of Ni, Co, and Mn concentrations.