Browsing by Author "Küçük, Ö."

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Anadolu Karaçam (Pinus nigra ssp. pallasiana) meşcerelerinde kontrollü yakma uygulamalarının bazı ölü örtü, kül ve toprak özellikleri üzerine etkileri
(2024) Güngör, A.G.T.; Küçük, M.; bilgili, E.; Küçük, Ö.
Orman yangınlarının birçok çalışmada olumsuz etki gösterdiği ifade edilse de kontrollü yakma uygulamalarının hem yangınlarla mücadelede hem de ekolojik bir araç olarak kullanıldığını ifade eden birçok çalışma mevcuttur. Özellikle ayrışmanın yavaş olduğu ekosistemlerde, örtü yangını uygulamaları yapılarak bu konunun olumlu tarafları olduğu gösterilmektedir. Bu çalışma kapsamında karaçam meşcerelerinde kontrollü yakma uygulamalarının bazı toprak özellikleri üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında karaçam alanlarından 10x10 m büyüklüğünde 9 örnekleme noktasından ibre, humus ve toprak örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Kontrollü yakma uygulaması yapıldıktan sonra aynı alanlardan yangın şiddetine göre düşük, orta ve yüksek şiddetli olan yerlerden kül ve toprak örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Toprak reaksiyonu (pH), Elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), karbon (C), azot (N) ve karbon/azot oranı (C/N) analizleri ibre, humus, kül ve toprak örneklerinde yapılırken, tekstür, kireç ve agregat stabilitesi analizleri ise sadece toprak örneklerinde yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, ölü örtü, humus ve kül örnekleri üzerinde yapılan analizler bakımından kontrollü yakma uygulamasının farklılığın önemli düzeyde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Genel itibari ile kül örneklerinde pH, EC değerlerinde artma, karbon ve azot değerlerinde ise bir azalma söz konusudur. Toprak örneklerinde ise kum, pH ve azot değerlerinde artma diğer özelliklerde ise anlamlı bir azalma görülmüştür. Çalışma sonucu verilerine göre hem ölü örtünün ortamdan uzaklaşması hem de ölü örtünün yakma sonucunda kül olarak toprağa besin maddesi kazandırması gibi özellikler düşünüldüğünde kontrollü yakma uygulamalarının bir yönetim aracı olarak önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğu söylenebilir.
Assessment of the monthly forest fire danger potential using gis-based analytic hierarchy process in southwest tÜrkye
(Hrvatsko Sumarsko Drustvo, 2024) Göltaş, M.; Ayberk, H.; Küçük, Ö.
Every year, more than ten thousand hectares of forest in Türkiye are affected by fires. The majority of forest fires occurs in the southern part of Türkiye, where conifer forests and maquis prone to fire are abundant. Forest fires can lead to the loss of human lives, properties and natural resources. Knowledge of Forest Fire Danger Potential (FFDP) is critical to protect lives, property, and natural resources from fire damage. We modeled and mapped FFDP with a GIS-based Analytic Hierarchy Process. The FFDP model was developed based on nine environmental factors that affect fire behavior, including maximum temperature, precipitation, wind speed, species composition, development stage, canopy cover, slope, aspect, and elevation. FFDP was mapped and thoroughly assessed. The results showed that FFDP was significantly correlated with maximum temperature, precipitation, and species composition. We found that the FFDP differed considerably on a monthly basis. Forest lands in the study area of 2% in May, 50% in June, 65% in July, 61% in August, 25% in September, and 0% in October belonged to the extreme danger class. For model evaluation, we compared fire locations from 2008 to 2018 with those on the FFDP maps and then controlled the actual number of fires in each category and its fire danger class. The dominant danger classes of the study area according to the months were: Extreme class in June, July, and August (50%, 65% and 61%, respectively), high class in May and September (74% and 68%, respectively) and moderate class in October (82%). This danger classes were more affected by fires. We observed that FFDP changed significantly by month. The amount of burned area per fire was the highest in the extreme danger class in August and July (3.39 ha and 2.14 ha, respectively). The amount of burned area was higher in areas with extreme or high fire danger class. This study can guide fire organizations in pre-fire management planning, firefighting, and post-fire studies.
Bio-climatic Comfort and Climate Change Nexus: A Case Study in Burdur Basin
(2023.01.01) Isinkaralar, O.; Isinkaralar, K.; Sevik, H.; Küçük, Ö.
Aim of study: Climate change triggers many problems, such as loss of biodiversity on land and sea, destruction of forest areas, poverty, inequality, and economic development. One of the most vital indicators of quality of life and sustainable development is temperature, humidity, and wind conditions, which are in the range of bio-climatic comfort values. The changes in these parameters due to global warming threaten vitality and affect the use of space and quality of life in cities. The study aimed to model the evolution of bioclimatic comfort zones with the effect of climate change in the research area.Area of study: The research was carried out in the Burdur Basin of Turkiye, which is an area that includes the underground and surface water bodies and the lakes region within its borders.Material and Methods: Models were produced at 20-year intervals until 2100. The spatio-temporal variations are generated according to the IPCC's SSPs 245 and SSPs 585 scenarios. The discomfort index (DI) and Effective warming wind speed (ETv) were used to determine bioclimatic comfort.Main Results: According to the DI, 87.4% of the area will be in the cold zone today, while in 2100, 50.5%, according to the SSP245, and 98.3%, according to the SSP 585 will be in the comfort zone. According to ETv, 92.7% of the area is quite cool today; by 2100, 90% of the site will be classified as slightly cool according to SSP 245, and 89.3%, according to SSP 585 will turn into mild areas. Research highlights: The results of the research reflect the spatial impact of climate change and are significant in terms of holistic risk management at the basin scale
Forest fire risk mapping with Landsat 8 OLI images: Evaluation of the potential use of vegetation indices
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Sivrikaya, F.; Günlü, A.; Küçük, Ö.; Ürker, O.
Fire is one of the most important natural catastrophes threatening the forest ecosystem. The severity and frequency of forest fires are increasing daily due to the increase in population in vulnerable areas and the effects of global climate change. Creating fire risk maps and using them to take the required protective actions to prevent fires will decrease the adverse effects of forest fires. This study focused on producing and comparing fire risk maps based on four vegetation indices, the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) index, Normalized Burn Ratio Thermal (NBRT) index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and data gathered with the use of remote sensing devices. The Muğla Regional Directorate of Forestry, which is in the Mediterranean climate zone and has experienced mega-fires, was selected as the case study area. Fire risk maps were prepared for the four vegetation indices from Landsat 8 OLI satellite images. Receiver operating characteristic curves and 195 fire ignition points that occurred in 2021 from July 5 to the end of the year were used to assess the accuracy of fire risk maps. Most fire ignition locations (>90%) were in high- and extremely high-risk fire areas on the maps prepared according to the NBR, NDWI, and NDVI. The fact that almost all of the fires occurred in high-risk areas revealed that the study area was sensitive to fire and that the vegetation indices used to draw up the risk maps were highly accurate in predicting where fires might occur. The accuracy results showed that the area under the curve was 0.842 for the NBR, 0.835 for the NDWI, 0.812 for the NBRT, and 0.810 for the NDVI. The NBR approach was more precise than the other models in providing information for fire risk maps. Risk maps created with the NBR could help decision-makers to take precautions and minimize fire damage.
Forest fire risk mapping with Landsat 8 OLI images: Evaluation of the potential use of vegetation indices
(2024.01.01) Sivrikaya, F.; Günlü, A.; Küçük, Ö.; Ürker, O.
Fire is one of the most important natural catastrophes threatening the forest ecosystem. The severity and frequency of forest fires are increasing daily due to the increase in population in vulnerable areas and the effects of global climate change. Creating fire risk maps and using them to take the required protective actions to prevent fires will decrease the adverse effects of forest fires. This study focused on producing and comparing fire risk maps based on four vegetation indices, the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) index, Normalized Burn Ratio Thermal (NBRT) index, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and data gathered with the use of remote sensing devices. The Mugla Regional Directorate of Forestry, which is in the Mediterranean climate zone and has experienced mega-fires, was selected as the case study area. Fire risk maps were prepared for the four vegetation indices from Landsat 8 OLI satellite images. Receiver operating characteristic curves and 195 fire ignition points that occurred in 2021 from July 5 to the end of the year were used to assess the accuracy of fire risk maps. Most fire ignition locations (>90%) were in high- and extremely high-risk fire areas on the maps prepared according to the NBR, NDWI, and NDVI. The fact that almost all of the fires occurred in high-risk areas revealed that the study area was sensitive to fire and that the vegetation indices used to draw up the risk maps were highly accurate in predicting where fires might occur. The accuracy results showed that the area under the curve was 0.842 for the NBR, 0.835 for the NDWI, 0.812 for the NBRT, and 0.810 for the NDVI. The NBR approach was more precise than the other models in providing information for fire risk maps. Risk maps created with the NBR could help decision-makers to take precautions and minimize fire damage.
Spatial modeling the climate change risk of river basins via climate classification: a scenario-based prediction approach for Türkiye
(2023.01.01) Isinkaralar, O.; Isinkaralar, K.; Sevik, H.; Küçük, Ö.
Climate change, triggered by the direct and indirect effects of urbanization, seriously threatens the ecosystem, earth cycles, and vitality. It is quite complex to investigate the reasons for the devastating effect of extreme events that occur with the impact of climate change. However, future projections based on probabilities are needed for governments and urban planning to develop strategies and manage the crisis on a global scale. This research aims to simulate the effects of climate change on temperature, precipitation, and climate classes, which are the basic parameters in spatio-temporal conditions. In this context, within the framework of SSPs 245 and SSPs 585 scenarios defined by The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, forecast maps were produced by using De Martonne (IDM), Emberger (IE), and Lang (IL) indexes in twenty-year periods until 2100. IDM reveals that arid areas not included in the area today will constitute 41.96% of the site according to 2100 models. The IE classification estimates that very humid areas will decrease from 58.36 to 0.23%. According to IL, while humid regions (90.86%) occupy a prominent place, they will reduce to 0.42% in 2100 and turn into semi-humid areas (69.43%). The research presents climate risk and the devastating threat facing the world by simulating shifts in the most common climate classes according to different climate class indexes.
Spatial modeling the climate change risk of river basins via climate classification: a scenario-based prediction approach for Türkiye
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Isinkaralar, O.; Isinkaralar, K.; Sevik, H.; Küçük, Ö.
Climate change, triggered by the direct and indirect effects of urbanization, seriously threatens the ecosystem, earth cycles, and vitality. It is quite complex to investigate the reasons for the devastating effect of extreme events that occur with the impact of climate change. However, future projections based on probabilities are needed for governments and urban planning to develop strategies and manage the crisis on a global scale. This research aims to simulate the effects of climate change on temperature, precipitation, and climate classes, which are the basic parameters in spatio-temporal conditions. In this context, within the framework of SSPs 245 and SSPs 585 scenarios defined by The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports, forecast maps were produced by using De Martonne (I DM), Emberger (I E), and Lang (I L) indexes in twenty-year periods until 2100. I DM reveals that arid areas not included in the area today will constitute 41.96% of the site according to 2100 models. The IE classification estimates that very humid areas will decrease from 58.36 to 0.23%. According to I L, while humid regions (90.86%) occupy a prominent place, they will reduce to 0.42% in 2100 and turn into semi-humid areas (69.43%). The research presents climate risk and the devastating threat facing the world by simulating shifts in the most common climate classes according to different climate class indexes.