Browsing by Author "Gungor S."

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Calculation of comfortable thermal conditions for Mersin urban city planning in Turkey
(2021-04-01) Gungor S.; Cetin M.; Adiguzel F.
Computer models that evaluate the formulas of these indices together with environmental factors and human characteristics have been created. Physiological equivalent temperature index and classification summer calculation model used for bioclimatic comfort calculations by obtaining monthly data of General Directorate of State Metrology Stations between 1972 and 2018 in Mersin city center. The results, comfortable monthly intervals, were determined and necessary suggestions were made for the people of Mersin city center in a month. In the calculations, the meteorological parameters such as surface-and-air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity were taken into consideration. Monthly results show the bioclimatically comfortable area in September and May. There are conditions in Mersin that lead to comfortable perceptions in summer. During the cold period, different levels appear and warm and comfortable thermal conditions are observed. GIS analysis was used to determine the development of thermal perceptions over time. It was calculated between 1972 and 2018. According to these coefficients, there is a tendency to increase in PET values in the regions close to the water in Mersin and to decrease in Mersin, which is the station in rural areas, as a city station.
Defining suitable areas for bioclimatic comfort for landscape planning and landscape management in Hatay, Turkey
(2020-02-01) Adiguzel F.; Cetin M.; Kaya E.; Simsek M.; Gungor S.; Bozdogan Sert E.
This study is based on an area in Hatay, Turkey, and involves examining all weather and climate-related data that can be used to determine its suitability for the bioclimatic comfort. It attempts to explain bioclimatic comfort and describes in detail all the variables that make this contemporary concept and why it is important from a landscape architecture planning point of view. According to Köppen climate classification, the general climate character of the study area is classified as medium-altitude, warm summer, and climate type with mild or winters with Csa-Csb letters. As the area is very large in terms of total area, the findings were different across the whole area; which means that some parts were bioclimatic-comfort-friendly and other parts were not to varying degrees. June is the month in which suitable areas cover the province’s largest area. Because temperatures have reached a suitable level in terms of climatic comfort, humidity and wind speed have increased. In climatic map result, it shows that Hatay is the highest region area with high altitudes of regions in the center. The examination for thermal comfort took place for months. Hatay’s results show that it serves as a helper in future planning of landscape: planning that brings the comfort of bioclimatic to the level of highest and that helps determine new region settlement in Hatay. The study finally proposes that it paves the way for future researches and studies to ultimately standardize bioclimatic comfort in landscape architecture and urban planning that allows achieving the optimal planning objectives in all aspects.
Determining the relationships between climatic elements and thermal comfort and tourism activities using the tourism climate index for urban planning: a case study of Izmir Province: Tourism climate index for urban planning
(2022-02-01) Adiguzel F.; Bozdogan Sert E.; Dinc Y.; Cetin M.; Gungor S.; Yuka P.; Sertkaya Dogan O.; Kaya E.; Karakaya K.; Vural E.
The tourism climate index of local and international tourists, especially in summer, is determined using the thermal comfort relationship in the province of Izmir. The aim is to reveal the most suitable time and the most suitable area for tourism activities in İzmir Province. The temperature (maximum, minimum, and average) of 1960–2019, the relative humidity (minimum and average) from 39 meteorology stations, the precipitation (total and average), the sunshine duration (total), and the wind speed (average) data were studied and evaluated. The data obtained were arranged and transferred to the GIS (geographic information systems) environment. The inverse weighted average method—one of the interpolation methods—was used to estimate unknown points with the help of known points in the study area. The tourism climate index was used to determine the climatic comfort conditions of the province in terms of tourism to assess the effect of the climatic conditions on tourism. The tourism-based climatic comfort map of İzmir Province, which was obtained by using the average temperature, relative humidity, total rainfall, and wind data, was presented in 7 categories: unfavorable, marginal, acceptable, good, very good, excellent, and ideal. The variety of tourism activities that could be done in these months also increased the importance of this period. The results obtained in this study are important in terms of developing the tourism strategy of İzmir Province. Making tourism-based climatic comfort conditions for all provinces that are important in terms of tourism will make a significant contribution to the tourism strategy of our country.
Effect of the surface temperature of surface materials on thermal comfort: a case study of Iskenderun (Hatay, Turkey)
(2021-04-01) Bozdogan Sert E.; Kaya E.; Adiguzel F.; Cetin M.; Gungor S.; Zeren Cetin I.; Dinc Y.
As a result of urbanization that started with the industrial revolution, high temperatures caused by surface materials in built areas cause the formation of urban heat islands. This situation adversely affects the livability of cities due to the thermal comfort or lack thereof. The surface temperatures of these widely used materials in a park located in the urban area of Iskenderun (Hatay, Turkey) were assessed in this study. The study was conducted in 3 stages in July 2019, one of the hottest months of the year in Iskenderun Community Park (the largest park on the borders of Iskenderun). The city itself is a coastal city with a Mediterranean climate. In the first stage, studies related to the subject were reviewed, and the points to be measured in the area were determined. It was taken into account that the measured points represented different surfaces in the park. In the second stage, the surface temperatures were measured 5 times in total during July using an infrared thermometer (TFA-ScanTemp330) from 12:00–13:00 with 3 repetitions from a height of 150 cm above the surface level. In the third stage, the data obtained was evaluated. The results of this study highlight the importance of the selection of surface materials in the development of healthy and livable cities. In regions where the Mediterranean climate prevails, the importance of increasing the presence of water bodies, grass areas, and plants (trees, bushes, and groundcover) due to their vital roles in reducing urban heat islands and increasing thermal comfort cannot be stressed enough.
Effects of mulberry extract on the liver pathology and serum biochemical parameters in carmustine administrated rats
(2022-01-01) Ipek V.; Balkan B.M.; Inanc M.E.; Kaplan O.; Corum O.; Gungor S.; Karaca H.; Ata A.
BACKGROUND: Carmustine is a chemotherapeutic agent that is mainly used in the treatment of glioblastoma and can cause toxic effects on various organs, including the liver. The white mulberry extract has anti-Apoptotic and anti-oxidant effects. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed at investigating the effects of the dried white mulberry extract on the pathology, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in the liver, as well as the levels of serum adenosine deaminase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, paraoxonase, and malondialdehyde in carmustine-Administrated rats. METHODS: Forty-Two rats divided into six groups were used in this study. BCNU was administrated intraperitoneally (IP) (5 mg/kg body weight (BW)/week) for 10 weeks to the BCNU and BCNU-DWME groups. DWME was administered (600 mg/kg-BW by oral gavage) daily for 10 weeks to the DWME and BCNU-DWME groups. After the experimental procedure, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical analyses were performed. RESULTS: Carmustine caused biliary hyperplasia at a dose of 5 mg/kg. However, the mulberry extract was not effective in alleviating this pathology. Furthermore, the administration of carmustine induced apoptosis in hepatocytes, and the mulberry extract had an anti-Apoptotic effect. Carmustine increased the 8-OHdG activity in the liver, and dried mulberry extract ameliorated this activity. Although there was no significant difference in the serum oxidative stress parameters between the groups, carmustine significantly increased the adenosine deaminase activity during the recovery period, while mulberry extracts partially ameliorated these effects in the recovery period. CONCLUSIONS: Dried white mulberry extract has anti-Apoptotic and anti-oxidative effects against carmustine-induced toxicity.
Evaluation of thermal climatic region areas in terms of building density in urban management and planning for Burdur, Turkey
(2019-09-15) Cetin M.; Adiguzel F.; Gungor S.; Kaya E.; Sancar M.
The main aim of this research is to investigate the bioclimatic conditions of Burdur city center in different terrain areas by taking measurements at 20 different points in the same time zone over the city. In order to investigate the bioclimatic comfort properties of Burdur City by taking into consideration the number of floors in Burdur city center, on 17 February 2018 between 16.00 and 16.30 h, temperature and relative humidity measurements were made with two Benetech GM8910 devices from 20 different locations with different characteristics. In addition to the parameters taken from 20 points, the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index which includes the human energy balance was used. Thermal detection values of 20 stations were calculated. Multiple linear regression models were used for spatial distribution of the obtained values. According to the analysis, urban high building density areas have higher PET values in most of the day than in other terrestrial areas. Between these areas and open areas was a difference of 0.4–1.2 °C, between parks 2.2–3 °C, between locations 1.4–2.2 °C, and between rural areas 1.7–2.5 °C per day. There are mean PET differences.
The assessment of the thermal behavior of an urban park surface in a dense urban area for planning decisions
(2022-07-01) Adiguzel F.; Cetin M.; Dogan M.; Gungor S.; Kose M.; Bozdogan Sert E.; Kaya E.
The new summer index (SSI) which was established to determine climate comfort was classified according to the index. Climatic comfort areas will increase and thus raising the quality of living in areas. The temperature values felt in the study were calculated with the SSI formula, and then the maps of the study area were classified. The study area was the Hayal Park and its surroundings in the Toros Quarter of Cukurova District, which is surrounded by multi-story and dense buildings in the north of Adana. Although the vertical construction is very high, it is richer in terms of green areas compared to other large central districts. Cukurova, which is one of the largest districts of Adana (according to population), has Seyhan dam lake in the north and Seyhan district in the south. The study area is on the border of Seyhan district and is adjacent to Yüreğir and Sarıçam districts. With the portable Smart SENSOR AS 847 measuring device, temperature and relative humidity were measured at 1.5 m above the ground on Tuesday, August 20 at 07.00, at 14.00, and 21.00. Bioclimatic comfort areas were determined by measuring temperature and relative humidity at 25 points with different textures in the study area. In this study, measured instantaneous temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) data were transferred to GIS medium by ArcGIS 10.6 program and then modeled with the Kriging method, which is one of the interpolation methods, and temperature and relative humidity maps were created. The temperature map created in degrees Celsius (°C) by the Kriging method and was converted to Fahrenheit degrees (°F) in the Raster Calculator. The reason for this change is that SSI is calculated with the formula Fahrenheit (°F). These maps were then calculated on the Raster Calculator using the SSI formula, and sensed temperature values were obtained The SSI, which normally has 8 classes, has 3 classes in the study area. These classes are 83 ≤ SSI < 91 slightly hot, 91 ≤ SSI < 100 hot, and 100 ≤ SSI < 112 very hot. When we look at the maps, the places outside of Hayal Park are in the hot class at 07.00 in the morning, and we can see that the green spaces have a positive effect on the bioclimatic comfort areas. The small area is in a very hot class. When we look at 14.00 h, it is a totally hot class. Normally, the temperature is the highest of these times and also coincides with the multi-story buildings in the study area; asphalt and concrete areas increased the temperature. As a result, there is a very hot air in the study area. It was determined that the maps identified non-comfortable areas. Since urban form and settlement affect climate comfort values, the urban plan should be revised, and the area should be brought to the bioclimatic comfort value range. For reducing the effect of temperature in the working area and creating comfortable areas is increasing the density of green areas compared to asphalt and concrete areas. Considering that the Cukurova district will grow further, urban planning should be done very well to reach the comfort range in the following settlements.