Browsing by Author "Demir A."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Exploring of the ameliorative effects of Nerium (Nerium oleander L.) ethanolic flower extract in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats via biochemical, histological and molecular aspects
(2023-01-01) Battal A.; Dogan A.; Uyar A.; Demir A.; Keleş Ö.F.; Celik I.; Baloglu M.C.; Aslan A.
Background: Nerium oleander L. is ethnopharmacologically used for diabetes. Our aim was to investigate the ameliorative effects of ethanolic Nerium flower extract (NFE) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Seven random groups including control group, NFE group (50 mg/kg), diabetic group, glibenclamide group and NFE treated groups (25 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, and 225 mg/kg) were composed of forty-nine rats. Blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin level, liver damage parameters and lipid profile parameters were investigated. Antioxidant defense system enzyme activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and immunotoxic and neurotoxic parameters were determined in liver tissue. Additionally, the ameliorative effects of NFE were histopathologically examined in liver. mRNA levels of SLC2A2 gene encoding glucose transporter 2 protein were measured by quantitative real time PCR. Results: NFE caused decrease in glucose level and HbA1c and increase in insulin and C-peptide levels. Additionally, NFE improved liver damage biomarkers and lipid profile parameters in serum. Moreover, lipid peroxidation was prevented and antioxidant enzyme activities in liver were regulated by NFE treatment. Furthermore, anti-immunotoxic and anti-neurotoxic effects of NFE were determined in liver tissue of diabetic rats. Histopathogically, significant liver damages were observed in the diabetic rats. Histopathological changes were decreased partially in the 225 mg/kg NFE treated group. SLC2A2 gene expression in liver of diabetic rats significantly reduced compared to healthy rats and NFE treatment (25 mg/kg) caused increase in gene expression. Conclusion: Flower extract of Nerium plant may have an antidiabetic potential due to its high phytochemical content. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
Prediction of traumatic pathology by classifying thorax trauma using a hybrid method for emergency services
(2020-12-18) Karaci A.; Ozkaraca O.; Acar E.; Demir A.
In recent years, data mining and algorithm-based methods have been used frequently for the prediction and diagnosis of various diseases. Traumas, being one of the significant health problems in the world, are also one of the most important causes of death. This study aims to predict the presence of traumatic pathology in the lung of the patients admitted to the emergency department due to blunt thorax trauma with no X-ray and computed tomography (CT) history by machine learning methods. The models developed in the study using the 5-fold cross-validation method are most accurately classified by the ensemble (voting) classifier, whether there is a pathology in X-ray (mean accuracy = 0.82) and CT (mean accuracy = 0.83). The K-nearest neighbourhood method classifies patients with pathology in X-ray by 83% accuracy, while the ensemble (voting) method classifies non-pathology patients by 94% accuracy in models. Of CT results, random forest, ensemble (voting), and ensemble (stacking) classifiers are precisely classified by 96%, while those patients with pathology are classified perspicuously by 77%. As a result, a mathematical framework using data mining methods was proposed based on estimating the X-ray and CT results for the thorax graph scan.
SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and their Viral Variants
(2022-02-01) Cosar B.; Karagulleoglu Z.Y.; Unal S.; Ince A.T.; Uncuoglu D.B.; Tuncer G.; Kilinc B.R.; Ozkan Y.E.; Ozkoc H.C.; Demir I.N.; Eker A.; Karagoz F.; Simsek S.Y.; Yasar B.; Pala M.; Demir A.; Atak I.N.; Mendi A.H.; Bengi V.U.; Cengiz Seval G.; Gunes Altuntas E.; Kilic P.; Demir-Dora D.
Mutations in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occur spontaneously during replication. Thousands of mutations have accumulated and continue to since the emergence of the virus. As novel mutations continue appearing at the scene, naturally, new variants are increasingly observed. Since the first occurrence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, a wide variety of drug compounds affecting the binding sites of the virus have begun to be studied. As the drug and vaccine trials are continuing, it is of utmost importance to take into consideration the SARS-CoV-2 mutations and their respective frequencies since these data could lead the way to multi-drug combinations. The lack of effective therapeutic and preventive strategies against human coronaviruses (hCoVs) necessitates research that is of interest to the clinical applications. The reason why the mutations in glycoprotein S lead to vaccine escape is related to the location of the mutation and the affinity of the protein. At the same time, it can be said that variations should occur in areas such as the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and vaccines and antiviral drugs should be formulated by targeting more than one viral protein. In this review, a literature survey in the scope of the increasing SARS-CoV-2 mutations and the viral variations is conducted. In the light of current knowledge, the various disguises of the mutant SARS-CoV-2 forms and their apparent differences from the original strain are examined as they could possibly aid in finding the most appropriate therapeutic approaches.