Browsing by Author "Caglar A."

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A degradation kinetic study on pyrolysis of three biomass samples and Co-pyrolysis of hazelnut shell and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene blends using a silver indicator
(2013-05-15) Aydinli B.; Caglar A.
A kinetic study was proposed in pyrolysis process supplementary to thermo-gravimetric analysis. Three different biomasses, hazelnut shell, olive residue, and tea waste, and hazelnut shell and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene mixture were analyzed kinetically in a batch-type tubular pyrolysis reactor. Reaction times were measured with the changing color of silver indicator, which was attached to the terminal of pyrolysis set up at various specified temperatures between 623 and 923 K. The Arrhenius plots were obtained and the activation energies (Ea) of reaction values were calculated from the slope of linear curves. For pure biomass, two linear degradation zones were detected possibly belonging to cellulose and hemicellulose. In the case of hazelnut shell and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene mixtures, linearity of Arrhenius plots were grasped with the modification of the pre-exponential factor of the basic Arrhenius equation. This type of kinetic method directly involves the basic parameters, namely, reaction time and temperature for supplementation of kinetic analysis. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Inexpensive activated carbons for the removal of dyes from wastewater
(2009-12-01) Caglar A.
This review evaluates a number of different inexpensive agricultural waste adsorbents and types of dyes. The use of cheap and eco-friendly adsorbents have been studied as an alternative substitution of activated carbon for the removal dyes from wastewater. Wastewater containing color compounds causes serious environmental problems Activated carbon is the most widely used adsorbents because it has excellent adsorption efficiency for the organic compound. But, commercially available activated carbon is very expensive. Cheap adsorbents derived from agricultural wastes have demonstrated outstanding capabilities for the removal of dyes from wastewater. Therefore, inexpensive agricultural waste adsorbents can be viable alternatives to activated carbon for the treatment of contaminated wastewater. The dye adsorption capacities of agricultural waste adsorbents vary, depending on the characteristics of the individual adsorbent, the extent of surface modification and the initial concentration of adsorbate. © Sila Science.
Isothermal co-pyrolysis of hazelnut shell and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene: The effect of temperature and composition on the amount of pyrolysis products
(2009-01-01) Caglar A.; Aydinli B.
Solid wastes compromise biomass and plastics in terms of energy recuperation. Pyrolysis is the promising process in thermochemical conversions. In this study, isothermal co-pyrolysis of hazelnut shell and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) mixtures was executed in hand made pyrolysis reactor. The effect of temperature and composition on liquid, solid and gas yields was clarified with descriptive charts. It can be definitely stated that there are interactions between components which are called synergistic effects. Temperature change and ratio of UHMWPE do not alter solid product yield significantly. Co-existence of hazelnut shell and UHMWPE renders gas products in expense of liquid at all temperature and composition conditions. Liquid products were collected separately as heavy and light liquid. Liquid fuel is preferred to gas and solid ones due to commercial reasons. Combustible heavy liquid increases synergistically with increasing UHMWPE ratio. Here, synergistically means it is higher than mathematical calculation. It was found that just at 515 °C and 0.5:1.5 (hazelnut shell/UHMWPE) composition total liquid product is above the calculated values. Additionally, 1.0:1.0 composition again at the same temperature produces highest heavy liquid yield. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The comparison of hazelnut shell co-pyrolysis with polyethylene oxide and previous ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene
(2010-01-01) Aydinli B.; Caglar A.
The importance of renewable energy sources has gained ultimate urgency due to environmental impacts in last decades. Thermochemical conversion process especially pyrolysis is preferred in waste disposal, and energy and chemical matter production. Flash pyrolysis of hazelnut shell (HS) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) blends were executed in hand-made reactors at various ratios at 485, 515, 550, 600 and 650 °C. Liquid, solid and gas products amounts were determined by gravimetry. The same process was carried out previously for HS and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Pyrolysis studies of these blends were compared in terms of product yields, interaction between components which are called synergistic effect and the influence of structure and hydrophilicity of polymers on pyrolysis of HS by some graphical tools. Existence of interactions between constituents is proved by comparing the result of experimental liquid, solid and gas products yields with rationally calculated yields at various ratios from pure HS and polymers from pyrolysis process. The directions of interactions of HS with PEO and UHMWPE are different within which HS and PEO produces high liquid and solid product yields, and HS and UHMWPE yields high gas product with respect to each other. Simply, these findings present some clues about interaction mechanism ways without any instrumental techniques. Crown Copyright © 2010.
The investigation of the effects of two different polymers and three catalysts on pyrolysis of hazelnut shell
(2012-01-01) Aydinli B.; Caglar A.
This study covers an investigation of three catalyst candidates namely; calcium carbonate (CaCO3), Perlite and potassium dichromate (K 2Cr2O7) on pyrolysis of mixtures of hazelnut shell (HS) with ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) by measuring percentages of solid, liquid and gas products amounts gravimetrically. Pyrolysis processes were executed in a batch type tubular reactor at 500 and 650 °C for fifteen minutes. Catalysts have behaved differently on compounded mixtures. Especially the obtained liquid products from pyrolysis of mixtures shows smooth distribution compared to anomalous results of pure raw materials. The effect of catalysts on the pyrolysis of HS becomes more obvious in the presence of polymers which produces more gaseous product for K2Cr2O7 case. The other catalysts (CaCO3, Perlite) are more effective without addition of polymers which produce more liquid products. The ratio of HS should not be beyond the 0.5 for production of commercial materials and in their possible recycling process such as pyrolysis for acquisition of combustible liquids. These results may allow some clues for compounding of environmentally safe commercial materials, and easy and efficient recycling technologies. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The mechanical properties of the different cooling requirements of high-temperature plaster
(2018-01-01) Bayraktar O.Y.; Saglam-Citoglu G.; Caglar H.; Caglar A.; Arslan M.; Cetin M.
This experimental research investigates changes in the mechanical properties of plaster under the influence of high temperature. To achieve this objective, four types of plaster-cement, lime, gypsum, and hybrid mortar (cement + lime) were manufactured. Prism samples with dimensions of 40×40×160 mm were kept in a laboratory from 28 to 90 days. Mortar samples were exposed to 20, 125, 250, 500, 600, and 900°C. Half of the samples were air-cooled (under laboratory conditions), while the other half were cooled through the sprinkler (spray water) method. After cooling the samples, the bending, tensile, and compressive strength tests were performed. Test results were examined statistically to determine the influence of high temperature on the mortar, which revealed that at a temperature of 125°C, an increase was observed in bending strength and pressure resistance of all air-cooled mortar types; meanwhile, a decrease in bending strength and pressure resistance was found under the other temperatures. For the water-cooled mortar types, bending strength and pressure resistance values could not be identified because of the occurrence of fusion in all the mortar samples.
The prediction of potential energy and matter production from biomass pyrolysis with artificial neural network
(2017-11-01) Aydinli B.; Caglar A.; Pekol S.; Karaci A.
The potentiality determination of renewable energy resources is very important. The biomass is one of the alternative energy and material resources. There is great effort in their conversion to precious material but yet there is no generalized rule. Therefore, the prediction of the energy and material potentials of these resources has gained great importance. Also, the solution to environmental problems in real time can be found easily by predicting models. Here, the basic products of pyrolysis process, char, tar and gas were also predicted by artificial neural network modelling. The half of data obtained from real experimental process along with some content and proximate analysis were fed into artificial neural network modelling. After the training of the model with this data, the remaining half of the data were introduced into this artificial neural network model. And the model predicted the pyrolysis process products (char, tar and gaseous material). The predicted data and the real experimental data were compared. In addition, another aim of this study is to reduce the labour in identification and characterization of the pyrolysis products. For this purpose, a theoretical framework has also been sketched. The necessity of a generalized rule for generation of energy and matter production from biomass pyrolysis has been punctuated. As a result, the ANN modelling is found to be applicable in the prediction of pyrolysis process. Also, the extensive reduction in labour and saving in economy is possible.
The pyrolysis of industrial alliaceous plant wastes: Illustration of process and characterization of products
(2018-11-01) Caglar A.; Aydinli B.
Biomass is one of the renewable energy and material sources. Agricultural biomass wastes are in top list in terms of quantity and uniformity. The stalks, leafs, and peels of them have taken considerable attention for various purposes. The biomass and wastes in recycling of matter and recuperation of chemicals with thermochemical conversion techniques are an efficient way in environmental perspective. The alliaceous plant reaches huge amount and its peels take attention in terms of difficulty of recycling with potential valuable compounds like its pulp. Here the pyrolysis of this garlic peel wastes was accomplished to obtain various valuable solid and liquid products that were analyzed with miscellaneous methods (thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscope). Three basic zones were appeared in thermal analysis for pyrolysis process. The valorization of these wastes to obtain precious chemicals and combustible compounds equivalent to petroleum products was illustrated by this way. Also carbonaceous compounds have been sequestered in solid and liquid forms by this way. The main fuel additives, methanol was obtained in remarkable amount (22.5%) from the liquid products. Also, porous material was produced from the solid products.
The pyrolysis process verification of hydrogen rich gas (H-rG) production by artificial neural network (ANN)
(2016-03-02) Karaci A.; Caglar A.; Aydinli B.; Pekol S.
The main aim of this study is subject of thermochemical conversion process data into computational modelling. Especially, prediction of hydrogen gas from the pyrolysis of waste materials regarded as environmentally pollutants were accomplished by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in context of sustainability. The data obtained from pyrolysis of biomass wastes; cotton cocoon shell (cotton-S), tea waste (tea-W) and olive husk (olive-H) were categorized and hydrogen rich gas (H-rG) portion was introduced to the NFTOOL of MATLAB program for ANN. The variables in the pyrolysis process were catalyst type, amount, temperature and biomass diversity. The H-rG production was rendered by catalysts; ZnCl2, NaCO3 and K2CO3. The combination of following condition; ZnCl2-10%, Olive-H and 973 K yield the best ANN models. This helped us save comprehensive amount of labour and time during experimentations, which also result in sharpness data in energy and environmental issues and were very ambiguous. The results were discussed by using new concepts related with energy resources, hydrogen gas, modelling and sustainability. The presented perspective here can be a useful tool for researchers and users as well as planners.
The toxic and environmental evaluation of pyrolytic liquids by Allium cepa test
(2012-02-01) Pekol S.; Caglar A.; Aydinli B.
In this study, liquid products obtained from the pyrolysis of hazelnut shell (HS), with and without ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), were subjected to the Allium cepa test system. Pyrolysis in conjunction with the A. cepa test is a promising technology not only from the perspective of energy savings and a source of precious material, but in terms of the removal of hazardous material from the environment in safe manner. Dosages of pyrolytic liquids dissolved in water were determined according to lethal dose (LD 50), with three different solution concentrations. The preparates were dyed with acetocarmine. The mitotic index decreased and chromosomal aberration, especially stickiness and c-mitosis, increased with dosage and time. The addition of UHMWPE to HS in the pyrolysis process resulted in less harmful chemical agents, as observed by the relatively higher mitotic index and lower levels of chromosomal aberration. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Valorization of tea wastes by pyrolysis
(2009-12-01) Caglar A.
Pyrolysis behaviors and yields of liquid products of tea waste supplied from Surmene-Trabzon Caykur Factory in The Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey were determined catalytically. The conversion of tea waste to liquid products has been examined in the presence of alkali and metal additives at different temperatures. The pyrolysis experiments were performed in a device designed for this purpose. The main element of this device was a stainless-steel cylindrical reactor vertically-heated by an electric tubular furnace with the temperature being controlled by a simple thermocouple (Ni-Cr constantan) inside the bed. The yields of liquid product were increased with using of catalysts at the final pyrolysis temperature of 723K with respect to non-catalytic pyrolysis. At 973K, the yields of liquid were only increased with using of Na 2CO 3 catalyst, but K 2CO 3 and ZnCI 2 are not effective much on pyrolysis. The catalytic effect of K 2CO 3 was greater than that of Na 2CO 3 at 723 K and vice a versa at 973K. The liquid fraction of the pyrolysis products consists of two phases: an aqueous phase containing a wide variety of organo-oxygen compounds of low molecular weight and a non-aqueous oily bottom phase containing insoluble organics of high molecular weight. This phase is called as bio-oil or tar and is the product of greatest interest. © Sila Science.