Browsing by Author "Bilen S."

Now showing 1 - 20 of 43

A new potential therapeutic remedy against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using tetra, Cotinus coggygria
(2019-10-01) Bilen S.; Elbeshti H.T.A.G.
Different antibiotic-based drugs are being used for the treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, and several studies emphasize the use of medicinal plants as immunostimulants for prophylactic measure against Aeromoniasis disease. However, therapeutic effects of aqueous methanolic extracts of tetra (Cotinus coggygria) against A. hydrophila in rainbow trout were not investigated. Four different concentrations of tetra extract (0 [control], 4, 8 and 12 mg/100 µl) and also two different positive control groups (florfenicol and doxycycline antibiotics) were administered orally using feeding needles to individual rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss of all experimental groups twice a day after intramuscular inoculation of A. hydrophila. The study period was for 10 days. On 0th, 3rd, 7th and 10th day, blood and tissues were collected from the fish and changes in humoral immune responses, haematology and immune-related gene expressions were determined. In the study, superoxide radical production was decreased generally in all experimental groups except in 12 mg tetra and florfenicol treatments compared to control (p <.05). Lysozyme activity was generally decreased (p <.05), or no differences were observed in all experimental groups compared to the control. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased in florfenicol-treated fish group on 7th day (p <.05). Generally, myeloperoxidase activity showed an increase in almost all tetra-treated groups. Haematological parameters increased but were not significantly high enough in treatments. Almost all immune-related gene expressions were significantly enhanced on 3rd and 10th day of the study. Survival rate of 53.33% was found in control group. There were no significant differences in survival between control and 4 mg tetra-treated group (p >.05). All the other groups' survival rate was significantly increased compared to control. The highest survival rate was found in florfenicol group (80%). In 12 mg tetra-, doxycycline- and 8 mg tetra-treated groups, survival rate was recorded as 74.44%, 70% and 70%, respectively. Our results suggest that tetra methanolic extract is an effective therapeutic remedy against A. hydrophila infection in rainbow trout at the dose of 24 mg/32.34 g body weight/day.
A novel herbal immunostimulant for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against Yersinia ruckeri
(2021-03-01) Terzi E.; Kucukkosker B.; Bilen S.; Kenanoglu O.N.; Corum O.; Özbek M.; Parug S.S.
In this 21-day study, we examined the effects of the aqueous methanolic extract of thin-skinned plum (Prunus domestica) on growth, immune response and resistance to a pathogenic bacterium, Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were fed with diets containing thin-skinned plum extract doses as 0 (Control) 0.1 (PD01), 0.5 (PD05) and 1% (PD1) ad libitum twice in a day. At the end of the study, growth was affected positively but not significantly. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was decreased in the PD01 group (P < 0.05). There were elevated respiratory burst and potential bacterial killing activities on the 7th day in the PD1 fish group. No differences were observed in lysozyme activity (P > 0.05). An increased myeloperoxidase activity was recorded on the 14th day of study. Expression of interleukin and COX-2 genes was elevated on the 7th day of study in the kidney and intestine of treated fish. Histological results indicated no marked changes in organs (gill, kidney, liver and spleen) of PD treated fish groups. Challenge results of fish in all plum extract-treated groups showed an increased survival rate against Y. ruckeri (P < 0.05). This study indicated that the thin-skinned plum aqueous methanolic extract could improve innate immunity, survival against Y. ruckeri and decrease the FCR level.
Antioxidant and immunostimulant responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with cherry stem extract
(2022-02-01) Amoush O.A.A.; Bilen S.; Sönmez A.Y.; Elp M.
We examined antioxidant enzyme activities, immune response, blood parameters and growth performance of rainbow trout fed with different doses of cherry stem (CS) aqueous methanolic extract. Four different feeds containing CS extract in different doses, 0% (control), 0.1 (0.1% CS), 0.5 (0.5% CS) and 1% (1% CS), as treatment feeds were prepared. Fish were fed with the diets for 60 days. The results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased on 20th and 60th days in all CS-treated fish groups. On 40th day, only 0.1% CS fish group had an elevated SOD activity compared with that of control (p < 0.05). Catalase (CAT) was significantly increased on 20th day of the study in 0.1 and 0.5 CS-treated groups compared with control and this increase was observed in all treatment groups on 40th day. However, in all fish groups, CAT was significantly decreased on 60th day. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was increased on 20th day in 0.1% CS fish group and in all treatment groups on the 60th day. G6PDH showed no significant difference at the end of experiment compared to the control. Similar result to that of G6PDH was obtained on lipid peroxidation. Haematocrit values of all the CS-treated fish groups were significantly increased at the end of the study. Growth did not differ among fish groups. Results indicated that 0.1% and 0.5% CS could be used as the dietary supplementation in rainbow trout.
Antioxidant enzyme activities and immune responses in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) juveniles fed diets supplemented with dandelion (Taraxacum officinalis) and lichen (Usnea barbata) extracts
(2021-08-01) Salem M.O.A.; Salem T.A.; Yürüten Özdemir K.; Sönmez A.Y.; Bilen S.; Güney K.
In the present study, antioxidant activity, immune responses, and growth performance of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) juveniles fed with diets supplemented with dandelion (Taraxacum officinalis) and lichen (Usnea barbata) extracts were assessed. Four different concentrations of aqueous methanolic extract of the plants (0% (control), 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% (D, dandelion; L, lichen) were added to the diets, and fish were fed for 75 days. On the 15th, 45th, and 75th day of the study, liver antioxidant enzyme activities were determined, and immune responses were determined every 15th day. The results showed that SOD activity increased in the fish group of 0.1% D on the 15th and 45th day compared to control; however, it was lower in all the lichen extract-treated groups than in control at almost all sampling times, except on the 15th day in the 0.1% L group. CAT activity showed an increased value (P < 0.05) in 0.5% L and 1% L treated fish groups on the 15th day, in fish of 1% D and 1% L groups on 45th and on 75th day in 0.1% D group. GPX activity increased on the 15th day of the study in fish of 0.1% D group, on the 45th day in 1% D and 1% L groups and on the 75th day in fish of 0.5% D, 0.1% D, and 0.5% L groups (P < 0.05). G6PDH enhanced in all treatment groups compared to control on the 15th day, except in 0.1% L and 0.5% L groups. An elevated G6PDH activity was also observed on the 75th day of the study in 0.5% D, 1% D, and 0.5% L fish groups. An increase on lipid peroxidation (LP) was observed in all L groups on the 45th day of the study. Lysozyme activity was determined to be the highest in 0.5% and 1% L on the 45th day, in 0.1% L on the 60th day and in the 0.5% L fish group on the 75th day compared to control (P < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase was found to be the highest at the end of the study in 1% L fish group compared to the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we suggest the use of dandelion to combat oxidative stress and to lower FCR and the use of lichen to modulate the immune response in rainbow trout. The use of such products will be economical for aquaculture and harmless for the environment.
Assessing contamination in sturgeons grown in recirculating a uaculture system by Lu - Biosensors and metal accumulation
(2016-01-01) Sönmez A.Y.; Sazykina M.; Bilen S.; Gültepe N.; Sazykin I.; Khmelevtsova L.E.; Kostina N.V.
In the present study, it was aimed to assess of the quality of fish grown in a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). For this purpose, three sturgeon species especially i en e el en tae tii, i en e ae ii, and i en e tellat were investigated. Concentrations of certain metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe, Ni) in gills, liver and muscle samples were examined. Metal concentrations in i en e el en tae tii were; Fe:172.43-196.52 μg g-1, Cd: 0.21-0.33 μg g-1, Cu: 29.65-45.11 μg g-1, Ni: 0.52-0.86 μg g-1, Pb: 14.24-19.63 μg g-1, and Zn: 60.13-88.15 μg g-1. In i en e ae ii, metal concentrations were; Fe: 151.47-182.32 μg g-1, Cd: 0.18-0.36 μg g-1, Cu: 27.17-38.52 μg g-1, Ni: 0.72-0.98 μg g-1, Pb:16.45-25.16 μg g-1, and Zn: 72.14-95.41 μg g-1. Concentrations in i en e tellat were; Fe: 206.39-262.38 μg g-1, Cd: 0.26-0.39 μg g-1, Cu:30.26-55.63 μg g-1, Ni: 0.54-0.87 μg g-1, Pb:14.36-21.51 μg g-1, and Zn: 53.52-82.15 μg g-1. In general, the highest metal levels were found in i en e ae ii. Negative biological effects caused by the presence of various toxicants in fish tissues were studied with bacterial lux-biosensors. These assays revealed that the accumulation of genotoxicants, oxidative stressors, and substances causing damage to proteins and membranes mainly occurred in gills and to a smaller extent in liver. i en e ae ii showed the highest accumulation of toxic substances according to the bacterial luxbiosensor assays.
Cyclopamine induced expression of immune-related genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) head kidney leukocytes
(2018-01-01) Sönmez A.Y.; Özdemir R.C.; Bilen S.; Yürüten Özdemir K.
This study investigated the effect of cyclopamine, a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, on immune-related gene expression in rainbow trout head kidney leukocytes in vitro. At 1h sampling time COX 2, IFN-2, TNF-α, C3, MHC-II, Il-1β, IL-12, IL-10, and IL-6 increased significantly in groups exposed to cyclopamine at 30 μg/ml. However, in groups exposed to 10 and 20 μg/ml cyclopamine, the expression of these genes decreased significantly. At 4h sampling time, levels of COX-2, IFN-1, IFN-2, TNF-α, TGF-β, IgT, and MHC-II in groups exposed to 20 μg/ml cyclopamine increased. At 8h sampling time, COX2, IFN-Reg, and TNF-α expression in groups exposed to 10 and 30 μg/ml cyclopamine increased significantly compared to those in the controls. Conversely the expression decreased significantly for almost all other genes. At 12h sampling time, almost all genes increased significantly in groups exposed to 10 μg/ml cyclopamine compared to those in the controls. Notably, after 24h, the gene expression in all groups significantly decreased compared to the controls. Our results suggest that the activation of cyclopamine can be a useful tool for the examination of immune-related gene expression in the rainbow trout.
Dietary flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil supplementation affects growth, oxidative stress, immune response, and diseases resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
(2023-07-01) Salem M.O.A.; Taştan Y.; Bilen S.; Terzi E.; Sönmez A.Y.
This paper describes the effects of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil (FSO) as a feed additive on growth performance, oxidative stress, immunity, and disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Eight-hundred-and-forty rainbow trout individuals (mean weight: 25.66 ± 1.33 g) were fed with different doses of FSO (0.5, 1, and 1.5%) ad libitum two times a day for 9 weeks. At the end of the feeding, growth performance was evaluated and the fish were challenged with two different bacteria (Yersinia ruckeri and Aeromonas hydrophila). At the end of the 3rd, 6th, and 9th weeks, blood and tissue samples were taken from 9 fish per treatment to evaluate innate immune response, cytokine gene expression levels, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels, and digestive enzyme activities. Determination of haematological parameters and histological examination was also carried out to evaluate the general health status of the fish. Results showed that the final weight and specific growth rate of FSO-supplemented fish increased significantly (p < 0.05). FSO-supplemented fish showed higher resistance to Y. ruckeri than the control group (p < 0.05). However, survival rates of all groups in A. hydrophila challenge test were similar (p > 0.05). Among the investigated innate immune response parameters, the potential killing activity of phagocytes, myeloperoxidase activity, and lysozyme activity increased in the FSO-supplemented groups (p < 0.05). Almost all cytokine gene expression levels in the experimental groups up-regulated especially after 9 weeks of feeding in the head kidney and intestine (p < 0.05). Similarly, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were found to be significantly higher in the FSO group than in the control (p < 0.05) whereas, the lipid peroxidation levels drastically declined as a result of the FSO supplementation (p < 0.05). These results suggest that FSO can improve growth, enhance immune response, and lower oxidative damage in rainbow trout when supplemented at the rates of 0.5–1.5% for 9 weeks.
Effect of Aqueous Methanolic Extract of Pomegranate Peel (Punica granatum) and Veratrum (Veratrum album) on Oxidative Status, Immunity and Digestive Enzyme Activity in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
(2022-01-01) Sönmez A.Y.; Bilen S.; Yürüten Özdemir K.; Alagöz K.; Özçelik H.
Aqueous methanolic extracts of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) and veratrum (Veratrum album) were evaluated for their effects of supplementation in fish diets on oxidative status, digestive enzymes and immunity of rainbow trout fingerlings (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three different concentrations of pomegranate 250 (P250), 500 (P500) and 1000 (P1000) mg kg-1 and veratrum 250 (V250), 500 (V500) and 1000 (V1000) mg kg-1 were added to the diet and the fish were fed these diets for 60 days over a control diet without any supplementation (P0 and V0, respectively). Immune responses and oxidative status of fish were evaluated every 20 days. Digestive enzyme activity and growth performances were determined at the end of study. We observed that the respiratory burst activity significantly increased (P<0.05) at the end of the study compared to control except in the V500 fish group. Lysozyme was increased on the 20th and 40th day of the study in all experimental groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity was observed to increase on the 40th day in veratrum treated groups and significantly decreased (P<0.05) on the 60th day in all groups compared to the control. Haematological responses showed a declining trend in all the groups supplemented with veratrum extract. SOD activity increased in pomegranate groups while no differences were observed on catalase activity. G6PDH activity was observed to decline in the veratrum groups, however, GPx activity significantly increased (P<0.05) in V500 and V100 groups. Lipid peroxidation was determined at the lowest level on the 20th and 40th days of the study in P1000 and V250 fish groups. The study indicated a positive impact of pomegranate peel extract on the immunity of rainbow trout at moderate doses of supplementation.
Effect of common mallow (Malva sylvestris) dietary supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, haemotological and immune responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
(2020-02-01) Bilen S.; Filogh A.M.O.; Ali A.B.; Kenanoğlu O.N.; Zoral M.A.
The present study was designed to assess the effect of common mallow (Malva sylvestris) extract diet in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) health parameters such as growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, hematological profile, and immunological responses. In addition, we evaluated the possibility of controlling A. hydrophila infection in common carp during the common mallow extract diet (CM). Diets of common carp were supplemented with three different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1 g kg−1) of common mallow extract. They were fed with common mallow diet for 45 days. At the end of feeding, 0.1 g kg−1 CM diet group showed higher final weight and SGR (p ˂ 0.05), whereas the 0.5 g kg−1 CM diet group showed significantly (p ˂ 0.05) lower FCR rate. The digestive enzyme activity experiment was showed that amylase and lipase activity significantly increased (p ˂ 0.05) in 0.5 g kg−1 CM diet. No hematological parameters changed in all experimental groups. Only 0.1 g kg−1 showed significantly decreased level of red blood cell. In immunological response experiment, serum lysozyme activity, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and myeloperoxidase activity significantly increased in different doses of common mallow diet during the 45 days. Result of challenge test with A. hydrophila showed that survival rate in 0.5 and 1 g kg−1 CM diet was significantly lower compared to control. The results elucidated that the CM diet could support nonspecific immune system and growth promoter in common carp. Hence, common mallow can be used in semi-intensive and intensive common carp culture.
Effect of dietary celery (Apium graveolens) on the growth performance, immune responses, and bacterial resistance against Vibrio anguillarum of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
(2023-02-01) Güroy D.; Güroy B.; Bilen S.; Kenanoğlu O.N.; Şahin İ.; Terzi E.; Karadal O.; Mantoğlu S.
In this study, we evaluated to reveal the effects of aqueous methanolic extract of celery (Apium graveolens) on the growth performance, immune responses, and resistance against Vibrio anguillarum in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). For this purpose, twenty fish (initial mean weight of 4.80 ± 0.06 g) were placed into twelve tanks (400 L) in triplicate and fish were fed with control (C) and three different levels (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 g/kg) of A. graveolens (AG) extract-containing diets (AG0.01, AG0.05, and AG0.1) for 30 days. Blood and tissue (kidney, spleen, and intestine) samples were taken from the fish every 10 days during the study to determine the immune responses of the fish. Respiratory burst activity (RBA) was significantly decreased in the AG0.1 group compared to all other groups on the 10th day of the study (P < 0.05). Significance was noticed in the RBA of fish in all AG groups compared to the C group (P < 0.05) on the 30th day of the experiment Lysozyme activity (LYS) was raised on the 10th day of the study in all celery groups compared to the C group (P < 0.05). No differences in the myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were observed among the experimental groups (P > 0.05). The final mean weight (FMW) was not affected in any experimental groups (P > 0.05). However, in the AG0.05 group, the specific growth rate (SGR) increased, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased compared to other groups (P < 0.05). IL-1β in the kidney was highly elevated in the AG0.01 group on the 20th day of the study (P < 0.05). Similar results were observed on IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α expression in the kidney (P < 0.05). Anti-inflammatory responses (IL-10 and TGF-β) also increased in all experimental groups and tissues compared to the C group (P < 0.05). COX-2 was upregulated on the 20th day of the study in all tissues (P < 0.05). At the end of the feeding trial, the survival rate of the AG0.1 group in fish infected with Vibrio anguillarum infection was higher than the C group. Dietary celery extract did not affect growth performance directly but increased innate immune responses and a high survival rate. Overall, compared to the control group, the growth, immunity, and resistance of European seabass fed with a diet containing 0.05 g/kg celery aqueous methanolic extract has been improved, and this could be used as an immunostimulant feed additive.
Effect of dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on the growth performance, immune-related gene expression and resistance to Vibrio anguillarum in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
(2022-04-01) Güroy B.; Güroy D.; Bilen S.; Kenanoğlu O.N.; Şahin I.; Terzi E.; Karadal O.; Mantoğlu S.
This research was conducted to reveal the effects of dietary Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) meal on the growth performance, immune responses and resistance against Vibrio anguillarum in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). In the study, the fish (5.74 ± 0.02 g) were fed with control (C) and three different levels (1%, 2.5% and 5%) of Spirulina meal-containing diets (SP1, SP2.5 and SP5) for 60 days. The adaptive and innate immune responses of fish were determined every 30th day of the study. The results showed that respiratory burst activity (RBA) was significantly elevated on the SP2.5 and SP5 groups on the 30th day of the study. Lysozyme activity (LYS) was increased on the SP1 group on the 30th day and the SP5 group on the 60th day (p < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) was raised on the 60th day of the SP2.5 and SP5 groups compared with the C (p < 0.05). IL-1β gene expression increased in the kidney and intestine of fish on the 30th day and in the spleen on the 60th day. IL-10 gene expression in the intestine of fish fed the Spirulina-containing diet was elevated at each sampling time relative to the C group (p < 0.05). Elevated IL-6 activity was determined in the kidney and the intestine on all Spirulina-fed groups compared with control at both sampling times. Similar to IL-6, IL-8 gene expressions were elevated in all Spirulina-fed groups (p < 0.05). TNF-α was up-regulated in the kidney and intestine of all Spirulina-fed groups compared with the C group on the 30th day of the study (p < 0.05). TGF-β gene expression was increased in the kidney and intestine of all Spirulina groups compared with the C group on all sampling times. COX-2 gene expression in the kidneys and intestines of fish fed with Spirulina diets was significantly elevated compared with the C diet at days 60th and 30th respectively. Hepcidin gene expression of all groups was elevated in all tissue samples on the 30th day of the study. The survival rate of fish infected with V. anguillarum was higher in all Spirulina-fed groups than in the C group. The feed conversion rate and protein efficiency ratio of fish fed with a 1% Spirulina diet was found to be better than those fed with other diets. These results show that up to the 5% inclusion of Spirulina meal in European seabass diets promotes some growth parameters and supports immunity in fish.
Effect Of dill (Anethum graveolens) and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) dietary supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and immune responses of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
(2018-10-01) Bilen S.; Özkan O.; Alagöz K.; Özdemir K.
In this study, Bilen et all, studied that the effect of dietary supplementation of dill (Anethum graveolens) and garden cress (Lepidium sativum) on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and immune responses of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in addition to their disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda. Common carp were fed for 45 days with two different doses of extracts of plant (1 and 2 g kg−1) in four treatment groups: dill 1 g kg−1 (D1) and 2 g kg−1 (D2) and garden cress 1 g kg−1 (G1) and 2 g kg−1 (G2). At the end of the study, the fish were challenged with A. hydrophila and E. tarda. Results showed that the final fish weight and specific growth rates were higher in the G2 group than in the control group (C) and other experimental groups (D1, D2 and G1) (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, there were no differences in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the experimental groups, except the D1 group, (P > 0.05). In the D1 group, FCR was significantly increased. Trypsin activity was significantly decreased in the G2 group. Compared with the control group, amylase activity was the highest in the D2 group (P < 0.05). There were no differences in lipase activities among the groups. Lysozyme activity was significantly increased on the 15th day of the study in D1 and G2 groups compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). On the 30th day, lysozyme activity was increased in the D2 group compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in lysozyme activity among the groups on the 45th day. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was elevated in the G2 group on the 15th day (P < 0.05). The highest MPO activity was observed in the D1 group (P < 0.05) on the 30th day of the study. On the 45th day, the MPO activity in all experimental group's (P < 0.05) was higher than that in the control group. At any sampling time of the study, superoxide anion production was elevated in all experimental groups compared with that in the control group. Moreover, when challenged with A. hydrophila, survival rates of common carp in G1, G2 and D1 groups were significantly increased, and when challenged with E. tarda, those of common carp in G2 and D1 groups were also elevated. The results of the study showed that cress had immunostimulatory effects in common carp and increased the fishes’ growth rate.
Effect of Ginseng root (Araliaceae sp.) extracts on sperm quality parameters and reproductive performance in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss)
(2019-01-01) Sonmez A.Y.; Ozdemir R.C.; Bilen S.; Kadak A.E.
In this study, ginseng root extract was manufactured and used as a food additive for 8 to 9-month old male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The extracts were added to the food in two different ratios, 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg. The control group was given a commercial feed with no additive. The fish ate the provided feed for 120 days ad libitum. Sperm samples were taken from fish every 30 days. We observed that the gonadosomatic index (GSI) in the experimental groups was higher than in the control group. Motility duration of groups 1 and 2 was 10 seconds more than the control group. Sperm density averages (SDA) were 7.74±0.61x109, 8.62±0.53 x109 and 11.27±0.78x109, respectively. All sperm samples taken from each experimental group were used for fertilization. Fertilization ratios of control and experimental groups were 65±10%, 84.9±5% and 90±6%, respectively. The hatching ratio was also very high in the extract added groups compared to the control group.
Effect of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) extract on growth performance, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, and immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
(2020-02-01) Bilen S.; Altief T.A.S.; Özdemir K.Y.; Salem M.O.A.; Terzi E.; Güney K.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) aqueous methanolic extract on growth performance, blood parameters, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, and non-specific immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish with an average weight of 23.03 ± 0.07 g were fed a diet supplemented with an aqueous methanolic extract of lemon balm at a dose of 0 (control), 0.1 (LB0.1), 0.5 (LB0.5), and 1 g kg−1 (LB1) for 75 days. The final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were observed to be significantly increased in LB0.5 and LB1 groups compared with that of the control. No differences were observed in feed conversion ratio values. WBC increased at the 45th day of the study in LB0.1 group. No differences were determined in RBC (P > 0.05). At the end of the study, lipase increased significantly in all experimental groups compared with the control. Pepsin was also elevated in LB0.5 and LB1 groups compared with the control. Increased trypsin was determined in LB1 group (P < 0.05). SOD activity increased at the end of the study in LB1 group (P < 0.05). CAT values had no differences compared with control. GR activity increased in all experimental groups compared with control. GPx improved in LB0.5 and LB1 groups significantly (P < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation was decreased in LB1 group compared with that of control, but this decrease was not significant (P < 0.05). Oxidative radical production and lysozyme activity significantly increased in LB1 group (P < 0.05). The highest MPO was determined in control group (P < 0.05). Current results suggest that lemon balm extract stimulates growth promoting antioxidant and immune responses in rainbow trout.
Effects of black mustard (Brassica nigra) seed oil on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and immune responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
(2022-01-01) Lakwani M.A.S.; Kenanoğlu O.N.; Taştan Y.; Bilen S.
In the present study, effects of black mustard seed oil administration on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and immune response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated. Rainbow trout were fed with three different doses of black mustard seed oil at the rate of 0.5% (BM0.5), 1% (BM1) and 2% (BM2) along with a control with no supplementation (0%) for 60 days. On 30th and 60th day of the study, digestive enzyme activities and immune responses were examined. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance and survival against Aeromonas hydrophila infection were also recorded. Growth was positively affected in BM2 fish group, but it was not significantly different. Amylase and lipase levels were not altered compared with control at any sampling time. However, trypsin was increased in all experiential fish groups compared with control (p < 0.05). Pepsin level increased in BM2 fish group only on 60th day of the study (p < 0.05). Respiratory burst activity was significantly decreased in BM2 fish group at both the sampling times compared with control (p < 0.05). Potential killing activity was elevated in BM2 fish group on 30th day (p < 0.05). Lysozyme activity was enhanced in BM1 and BM2 fish groups on 30th day and BM0.5 and BM1 groups on 60th day compared with that of the control (p < 0.05). MPO increased significantly in BM1 and BM2 fish group on 30th day and in all experimental fish groups on 60th day of the study compared with that of the control. No changes in histology of different organs of fish groups were observed. The pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β gene expression in intestine of all treated fish groups was significantly upregulated on 30th day. Similarly, transcription of IL-8 and IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 cytokine genes was enhanced in intestine cells on 30th day. Similar enhanced levels of these genes were observed in head kidney cells of BM0.5 and BM1 fish groups. Survival against A. hydrophila infection increased insignificantly in all BM-treated groups. All these results indicated that supplementation of BM could elevate intestinal immunity in rainbow trout, and the dietary incorporation of BM at 1%–2% level for 30 days is encouraged.
Effects of dietary marine sulphated polysaccharides (Algimun®) on growth performance, immune responses and disease resistance of juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) to Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida
(2022-08-01) Güroy D.; Güroy B.; Bilen S.; Terzi E.; Kenanoğlu O.N.; García-Suárez M.; Marzin D.; Mantoğlu S.; Karadal O.; Şahin İ.; Kuşku H.
The present study evaluated the effects of a dietary mix of marine sulphated polysaccharides, named Algimun® (AL), supplementation to gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles in terms of growth performance, immune responses, and resistance against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. A total of 240 fish (initial mean weight of 6.00 ± 0.03 g) was randomly separated into 12 tanks (400 L, 20 fish per tank) distributed in four replicates. Fish were fed three experimental diets: a basal diet (Control), and a basal diet with two inclusion rates of Algimun® as 3 g/kg (AL0.3) and 5 g/kg (AL0.5) for 30 days before bacterial infection with P. damselae subsp. piscicida. After a 30-day feeding-period, growth performance was significantly improved in AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups showed significantly higher lysozyme activity and myeloperoxidase activity when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The gene expression of immune mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, TNF-α and COX-2) was significantly upregulated in the intestine, spleen and head kidney in AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Eight days post-challenge, the survival rate against P. damselae subsp. piscicida was numerically higher in fish within AL0.3 and AL0.5 groups compared to control (+20%). The study findings suggest that marine sulphated polysaccharides (Algimun®) could be used as an immunomodulator in gilthead seabream to support animal's health and boost resistance in case of disease outbreak.
Effects of dietary supplementation of herbal oils containing 1,8-cineole, carvacrol or pulegone on growth performance, survival, fatty acid composition, and liver and kidney histology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fingerlings
(2015-01-01) Sönmez A.; Bilen S.; Albayrak M.; Yılmaz S.; Biswas G.; Hisar O.; Yanık T.
A feeding trial was performed to assess any beneficial effect of three herbal oils; mint, thyme and sage oils containing 74 g kg-1 pulegone, 77 g kg-1 carvacrol and 76 g kg-11,8-cineole, respectively on growth performance, survival, fatty acid composition, and liver and kidney histology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Herbal oils were added at 0.5 %, 1.0% and 1.5 % concentrations to a fish meal-based control diet, and each diet was fed to triplicate groups of rainbow trout fingerlings for 60 days with growth parameters recorded weekly. Results showed that FCR was affected negatively in all mint oil diet fed groups where it was higher than that of control and other groups (P<0.05). The lowest FCR values were recorded in the thyme and sage oil containing diets fed groups (P<0.05) with no significant differences between these two groups. SGR was also found lower in mint oil groups than in control. The highest SGR was recorded in thyme and sage oil fed groups (P<0.05). Survival was similar in fish fed with diets containing thyme, sage oil and control diet (P>0.05). However, survival was the lowest in fish fed with mint oil supplemented diets(P<0.05). Whole body fatty acid profiles except total saturated fatty acids are closely influenced by dietary herbal oil administrations. Total polyunsaturated n-6 fatty acid was lowest in 1 %thyme oil and all sage oil diet fed groups (P<0.05). Total polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid was similar between control and sage oil supplemented groups, but in other groups it was significantly decreased (P<0.05). EPA/DHA ratio was observed significantly low in 1.5 %thyme oil and all groups of sage oil fed fish. There were no histological differences observed in liver or kidney of fish fedwith control and 0.5 % and 1 % thyme and sage oil supplemented diets.The present results showed positive effects of thyme and sage herbal essential oil supplemented diets on growth performance and fatty acid utilization and these oils may be useful feed supplements in production of rainbow trout.
Effects of different protein sources on growth performance and food consumption of goldfish, Carassius auratus
(2013-08-26) Bilen S.; Müge Bilen A.
Effects of Greek juniper (Juniperus excelsa) extract on immune responses and disease resistance against Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
(2021-06-01) Bilen S.; Ispir S.; Kenanoglu O.N.; Taştan Y.; Güney K.; Terzi E.
This study investigated the effects of Greek juniper extract on immune responses of rainbow trout. In this experiment, 4 doses [0 (Control), 1 (J1), 4 (J4) and 8 (J8) mg/kg] of the extract were administered orally using an oral gavage twice a day for 14 days. Immune responses were measured on 7th and 14th days. On 14th day, Yersinia ruckeri was injected intraperitoneally to all fish of all groups. On 14th day, ORP in fish of J1 group increased significantly. Lysozyme activity (LA) was increased in J8 group on 7th day (p <.05). On 14th day, a significant decrease was determined in J1 and J4 treatments in LA. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly decreased in all groups irrespective of sampling times (p <.05). Interleukin (IL)-1β was significantly elevated in fish of J8 group on 7th day. IL-8 increased in fish of J8 and J4 groups on 7th day of the study. IL-12 gene expression was significantly up-regulated in J8 fish group on 7th day, and in J4 fish group on 14th day. Survival rate was higher in J8 treatment compared to the control and other treatments (p <.05). The results suggest that Juniperus excelsa provides protection against Y. ruckeri in rainbow trout.
Effects of herbs and spice on health status of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) challenged with Streptococcus iniae
(2014-01-01) Gültepe N.; Bilen S.; Yilmaz S.; Güroy D.; Aydin S.
Effects of different herbal extracts on the growth and immune defense of fish were researched in the last decade. The aim of this study was to determine the dietary effects of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) as a feed additive on haematology, innate immune response, and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). In total 228 healthy fish tilapia were divided into four groups (57 fish in one group) and fed diets supplemented with thyme, rosemary and fenugreek at levels of 1%, respectively; fish in the control group were fed diet without any spices. Fish were fed ad libitum three times a day for 45 days. All fish of the experimental groups significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced phagocytic activity, haematocrit, white blood cell, red blood cell, neutrophil and monocyte counts in blood. Significant (P < 0.05) increase of plasma myeloperoxidase and lysozyme activity was found in fish receiving a feed supplemented with fenugreek after 30 days. Respiratory burst activity was non-significantly (P > 0.05) changed during the whole experiment. After 45 days of feeding, fish were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μl of Streptococcus iniae (8 × 108 colony forming unit). The cumulative mortality was 22%, 27% and 31% in fish receiving diets supplemented with 1% thyme, rosemary and fenugreek, respectively, compared to 61% mortality in the control group. The results indicate that all three supplements used improved the haematological status, non-specific immune response and disease resistance of tilapia against S. iniae; this is the first similar study.