Browsing by Author "Bani B."

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A new diagnostic character in the roots of the genus Grammosciadium DC. (Apiaceae)
(2017-01-25) Ulusoy F.; Karakaya M.A.; Mavi İdman D.Ö.; Bani B.
This study focuses on the root anatomical characteristics of the taxa of the genus Grammosciadium. Samples collected from plants gathered in 41 different localities in Turkey were studied. The results show that the general structure of the roots includes protective tissue (periderm), cortex and vascular tissue respectively from the outermost layer. The roots of G. subg. Grammosciadium include regularly arranged fibres within the protective tissue. Moreover, the existence, arrangement and density of the polyhedral sclereids just under the phellogen of the roots of G. subg. Caropodium reveal as remarkable characters. Among them, the density of all these sclerenchymatous layers is a diagnostic character for the taxa of the genus. This study remarks the importance of root anatomical characters in taxonomy of Grammosciadium.
A new subspecies of Grammosciadium macrodon Boiss. (Apiaceae) from Turkey
(2015-09-02) Bani B.; Koch M.A.
Grammosciadium macrodon subsp. nezaketae is described as endemic to Eastern Anatolia. The new subspecies differs remarkably from the G. macrodon subsp. macrodon based on fruit characters. In addition to the diagnostic fruit characters, other significant morphological and anatomical differences between these two taxa are presented as well. A quantitative, morphometric analysis was carried out to achieve more reasonable results and to discuss diagnostic characters in Grammosciadium macrodon and its morphologically closest relatives.
Analysis of the essential oils of subgenus Caropodium from Turkey; Grammosciadium schischkinii (V.M.Vinogr. & Tamamsch.) V.M.Vinogr., G. haussknechtii Boiss., G. pterocarpum Boiss. and G. platycarpum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss.
(2017-03-04) Küçükboyacı N.; Demirci B.; Ayaz F.; Bani B.; Adıgüzel N.
The composition of the hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from aerial parts of Grammosciadium schischkinii (V.M.Vinogr. & Tamamsch.) V.M.Vinogr., G. haussknechtii Boiss., G. pterocarpum Boiss. and G. platycarpum Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Boiss. (Apiaceae) which belong to subgenus Caropodium, growing in Turkey, were simultaneously analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The analysis revealed fifty-seven constituents, accounting 84.3–99.5% of the oils. The essential oil composition of G. schischkinii and G. haussknechtii which are endemic taxa to Turkey, have herein demonstrated for the first time. Moreover, we firstly defined the chemical characterization of the essential oil obtained from G. platycarpum gathered from Turkey. Oil samples showed different chemical compositions with regard to species and locations. Linalool (88.5 and 94.2%) was the main component of the oil samples from G. platycarpum, while hexadecanoic acid (20.6%) was the major in the oil sample of G. haussknechtii. Caryophyllene oxide (45.9 and 20.7%) was defined as the principal constituent in the oil samples of G. schischkinii and G. pterocarpum, respectively. In addition, phytol (19.1%) was determined as the main component in the oil of G. haussknechtii and this compound was first determined in the highest amount among the essential oils of the genus Grammosciadium.
Bunium allioides (Apiaceae), a new species from Turkey
(2012-01-01) Bani B.; Degtjareva G.V.; Pimenov M.G.; Kljuykov E.V.; Adigüzel N.
Bunium allioides B. Bani, Pimenov & Adi{dotless}güzel sp. nova (Apiaceae), is described and illustrated from southern (Mediterranean) Turkey. The taxonomic affinities of the new species were determined by analysing morphological data and a molecular phylogenetic study of nrDNA ITS sequences. Bunium allioides belongs to the section Elegantia, and is related to B. paucifolium and B. elegans. © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2012.
Comparative vegetative anatomy of the genera Grammosciadium, Caropodium and Vinogradovia (Apiaceae) in Turkey
(2019-12-17) Maviidman D.Ö.; Karakaya M.A.; Ulusoy F.; Bani B.
This study includes the anatomical characters of the vegetative organs (stems, leaf sheats and leaf segments) of the genera Grammosciadium, Caropodium and Vinogradovia. All samples, collected from different localities in Turkey, were sectioned from the same part of the corresponding tissue. The results show that, although those three genera are closely related based on the studied characters, several features (such as the wing appearance, the presence of sclerenchyma above floem and the collenchyma under the epidermal layer of the stems) are the most prominent characters for genera differentiation. Similarly, the leaf sheath and leaf segments shown anatomical similarities, but they display remarkable differences in size that help to distinguish among genera.
Composition of the essential oils of the subgenus Grammosciadium from Turkey; G. Confertum, G. cornutum, G. macrodon subsp. macrodon, G. macrodon subsp. nezaketae and G. daucoides
(2016-09-01) Küçükboyacı N.; Demirci B.; Ayaz F.; Bani B.; Adıgüzel N.
Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts and fruits of five taxa of genus Grammosciadium DC., belonging to subgenus Grammosciadium (G. confertum Hub.-Mor. & Lamond, G. cornutum (Nábělek) C.C.Towns., G. macrodon Boiss. subsp. macrodon, G. macrodon Boiss. subsp. nezaketae B.Bani and G. daucoides DC.), collected from different locations in Turkey, were simultaneously analyzed by GC and GC/MS systems. 124 components representing 71.1-99.8% of the total contents were identified in the oils. Oil samples from fruits and aerial parts of the plants showed different chemical profiles with regard to species. We have herein demonstrated that the chemical composition of essential oil samples from G. cornutum, G. macrodon subsp. macrodon, G. macrodon subsp. nezaketae (an endemic subspecies), and G. confertum (an endemic species) growing in Turkey was determined for the first time. Hexadecanoic acid (13.3-21.2% and 48.1-59.8%) was the main component of the samples of G. cornutum and G. confertum, respectively, while caryophyllene oxide (13.1-29.2%) was the major constituent in the samples of G. macrodon subsp. nezaketae and G. macrodon subsp. macrodon as well as γ-terpinene (61.9%) and carvacrol (68.9%) in G. daucoides samples. In addition, pentacosane can be considered a chemotaxonomic marker for the essential oil of G. macrodon subsp. macrodon.
Determination of isoflavone content by hplc-uv method and in vitro antioxidant activity of red clover (trifolium pratense l.)
(2013-12-01) Küçükboyaci N.; Kadioǧlu O.; Adigüzel N.; Tamer U.; Güvenç A.; Bani B.
In this study, the methanol and acid hydrolyzed methanol extracts prepared from the aerial parts of two varieties of Trifolium pratense (red clover) collected from different parts of Turkey, namely T. pratense L. var. pratense and T. pratense L. var. sativum Schreb., have been analyzed to determine the concentrations of four isoflavones, daidzein (D), genistein (G), formononetin (F) and biochanin A (B). A RP-HPLC-UV method for the determination of these isoflavones in red clover was developed. Chromatographic separation was carried out by using a gradient system consisting of 0.3 % acetic acid and methanol on a reversed phase column, Supelcosil™ LC-18 (15 cm x 4.6 mm id, 5μm). The highest content of total D, G, F, and B were found as 0.0447, 0.0115, 0.0251 and 0.0039 % in T. pratense var. pratense, respectively. Antioxidant capacity of the methanol extracts of aerial parts of plant samples was also studied. Studied extracts were found to possess some antioxidant activities, as determined by the DPPH free radical scavenging test, thiobarbituric acid and trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity assays. The phenolic contents of the samples were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent.
Fatty acid methyl ester composition of some Turkish apiaceae seed oils: New sources for petroselinic acid
(2016-11-01) Küçükboyaci N.; Ayaz F.; Adigüzel N.; Bani B.; Gören A.C.
The seed oils of twenty-six species of Apiaceae belonging to the genera Bunium, Cnidium, Ferula, Ferulago, Heracleum, Hippomarathrum, Malabaila, Myrrhoides, Olymposciadium, Pimpinella, Prangos, Szovitsia, Trigonasciadium, Trinia and Zosima, collected in Turkey, were investigated for their oil content, and amount of petroselinic acid (PA), as well as for the composition of their fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by GC-MS. Seed oil content ranged from 7.1% in Szovitsia callicarpa to 29.3% in Ferula haussknechtii. The results showed that the seed oils of the studied species contained high amounts of PA (1.2-72.2%), followed by significant amounts of linoleic (LA, 13.8-50.8%) and oleic (OA, 4.2-61.6%) acids. PA was found in all the analyzed species, except for Olymposciadium caespitosum, which belongs to a monotypic endemic genus of the family. According to data from our study, PA was found to be predominantly in the seed oils of Hippomarathrum cristatum (72.2%), Trinia glauca (64.9%) and Bunium microcarpum (59.7%) and, therefore these species might be considered as new sources of PA, and represent a potential oleochemical raw material. This is the first extensive study of the composition of Turkish Apiaceae species. The high amounts of PA may also have chemotaxonomic significance.
Fruit micromorphological characters of the genus grammosciadium DC. (apiaceae) in Turkey
(2016-02-12) Bani B.; Karakaya M.A.; Çeter T.
Fruit characters of all Turkish members of the genus Grammosciadium were investigated, emphasizing on their micromorphological features. Five different ornamentation patterns of the fruit surface were observed. A multivariate analysis was done with the macromorphological characters of the fruits. The combination of micromorphological and macromorphological data clearly resolved the infrageneric classification of the genus. An identification key based on both types of characters is presented for all the studied taxa.
Investigation of pollen morphology of the genera Grammosciadium, Vinogradovia and Caropodium (Apiaceae)
(2023-01-01) Bani B.; Çeter T.
In this study, detailed light microscopy (LM) and scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of pollen grains belonging to 11 taxa of genera Grammosciadium, Vinogradovia and Caropodium were performed. The pollen is radially symmetrical and generally isopolar with the exception of Grammosciadium macrodan ssp. nezaketiae where 65% of the grains have asymmetrical appearance. All the taxa are tricolporate. Ectoapertures are discontinuous (colpus length: 14.7 ± 0.8 and colpus width: 21.20 ± 2.28) with narrow and acute at the ends extending to the subpolar region. Endoapertures are in the mid-section of the ectoapertures, which is lolangate, prolate-spheroidal in Grammosciadium scabridum, while lalongate, ellipsoidal, oblate or suboblate in the other taxa. Pollen shape is triangular and semi-triangular in polar-view. Pollen outline in equatorial view is subrectangular-straight in G. scabridum and Caropodium platycarpum, however, those were subrectangular and slightly constricted in equatorial region in all others. Based on the P/E ratio, it is prolate in G. macrodon ssp. macrodon while it is perprolate in the other taxa. Ornamentation variation (i.e. psilate, psilate-perforate, psilate-rugulate, rugulate and rugulate-perforate) was observed around the apertural, equatorial and polar regions. This character has been found as taxonomically important for the studied taxa.
Morphological and anatomical investigation on endemic Cota melanoloma and Cota antitaurica (Asteraceae) in Turkey
(2014-01-01) Özbek M.; Idman D.; Bani B.
Anthemis section Cota was accepted as separate genus recently. Genus Cota is represented by 24 taxa in Turkey. Some of them have economic importance because of their uses for various purposes such as obtaining drugs, food and dye. etc. In this study, Cota melanoloma subsp. melanoloma, C. melanoloma subsp. trapezuntica and C. antitaurica were studied morphologically and anatomically. Three of them are endemic to Turkey. C. antitaurica is only known from the type locality and critically endangered species, while C. melanoloma is distributed in only northern Anatolia. As the results, the diagnostic characteristics, synonyms, flowering and fruiting times, habitat properties, distributions and threat categories of each taxon are presented. The most important morphological characteristics for more proper discrimination the species are determined as the shape of capitula and palea, indumentum of stem and leaf. The detailed anatomical studies indicate the diagnostic characteristics as both hair and vascular bundle length and pith of the stems, hair length and length/width ratio and the type of stomata of the leaves, the layer number of parenchymatic ray cells and the cortex length of the roots.
Morphological and taxonomic investigations on a local endemic species: Allium ilgazense N. Özhatay
(2015-01-01) Acar S.; Ayan S.; Bani B.
The genus Allium is represented by a high number of taxa and a high endemism ratio in Turkey. Moreover, the genus has medicinal and economic importance because some of its species can be regarded as among mankind's the most important and the most ancient cultivated crops (onion, garlic, and leek). In this study, the morphological features and taxonomic status of a local endemic species (Allium ilgazense) were determined and the recommendations dealing with its conservation status were presented. For this purpose, a total of 30 individuals collected from 3 different populations (10 individuals per population) of the species that grow in different locations and ecologies were investigated. The morphological results clearly indicated that A. ilgazense is a polymorphic species and shows distinct variation in almost all of the quantitative characters (21 out of 36), although the qualitative characters (15 out of 36) are more stable. The diagnostic characteristics of A. ilgazense were specified as 'colour of flowers', 'indumentum and shape of inner and outer perianth segments', 'shape of spathe valves', 'colour of anthers' and 'slightly exserted stamens'. The UPGMA analysis, based on morphological similarities and dissimilarities (21 selected morphological characters) among 30 individuals from 3 populations of A. ilgazense and 10 individuals of A. jubatum, presented that A. ilgazense is a clearly distinct species and there is no significant specialization among its populations distributed in different ecologies. Moreover, in order to protect the natural populations of A. ilgazense, the threat factors were determined. According to the IUCN criteria, a new threat category (EN, Endangered) was recommended for the species.
New morphological and anatomical data on the genus Fuernrohria (Apiaceae)
(2020-01-16) Bani B.; Idman D.Ö.M.
In this study, morphological and anatomical data (including fruit micromorphological characters) of the genus Fuernrohria were studied and compared with the related genera Grammosciadium, Caropodium and Vinogradovia. The morphological description of Fuernrohria setifolia, which is the only known species in the genus, is expanded. Photos of inflorescences, infructescences and leaves of the species taken from the wild are provided. Leaf segment and mericarps are illustrated, and also the distribution area of the genus is mapped. Anatomical features of root, stem, leaf sheath, leaf segment and fruit are presented with photographs of cross sections for each of them. Vegetative anatomical characteristics of the species and micromorphological description of fruit are given and exhibited for the first time in the present study. The results show that two important diagnostic characters for Fuernrohria are determined for the first time as “shape and size of commissural vittae in mericarps” and “number of vascular bundles in leaf cross section”.
Oenanthe millefolia (Umbelliferae), a new species record for the Turkish and Greek Flora
(2016-01-01) Guner E.; Teksen M.; Bani B.
Oenanthe millefolia (Apiaceae), which is presented as a new recorded species for the Turkish flora, was discovered for the first time in Kirklareli province of Turkey. It is also reported as a new species for the Greek flora based on an unidentified specimen which was collected from the Thrace region of Greece. In this study, an expanded morphological description, the geographical distribution, the habitat properties and the ecological features of the species are exhibited with illustrative figures. Moreover, the micromorphological and anatomical characters of the fruits and the anatomical properties of the stem, petiole, leaves and the palynological features of Oe. millefolia are determined and described for the first time.
Phylogenetics, phylogeography and vicariance of polyphyletic Grammosciadium (Apiaceae: Careae) in Anatolia
(2017-10-01) Koch M.A.; Bani B.; German D.A.; Huang X.C.
Detailed phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary histories and phylogeographical hypotheses are still quite rare for the many genera of Apiaceae. One of the reasons for this is that traditional generic circumscriptions based on morphology and anatomy largely failed to recognize the group as monophyletic. This is also true for apioid members of Apiaceae with c. 400 genera. Here we focus on Grammosciadium s.l. centred in Turkey and unravel its evolutionary history. Based on three loci from the plastid genome and nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 from the nuclear encoded ribosomal RNA operon, we show that Grammosciadium in its current circumscription is not monophyletic and represents an assemblage of species from four genera (Carum, Chamaesciadium, Fuernrohria, Grammosciadium). Diversification of this group started c. 7 Mya in the late Miocene. Most present-day species arose during the Pliocene with most of the intra-species diversification occurring during the Pleistocene. Plastome type variation does not resolve any of the main clades and there is little spatial structure of the distribution of high plastid genetic variation. The majority of species of pre-Quarternary origin are found east of the Anatolian Diagonal, running diagonally across central and eastern Turkey. This might indicate that the Diagonal acted as a barrier to gene flow and migration during the Pliocene and that eastern Anatolia may have served as a cradle for Pleistocene diversification and speciation processes in Turkey. We also provide a key to the species of the revised genus and introduce several taxonomic changes.
Phytotoxic, cytotoxic and insecticidal activities of chrysophthalmum dichotomum boiss. and Heldr.
(2018-07-01) Ayaz F.; Küçükboyacı N.; Bani B.; Şener B.; Choudhary M.I.
Background: Chrysophthalmum dichotomum Boiss. and Heldr. (Asteraceae) is an endemic herbaceous plant to Southern part of Turkey. Aim: To investigate in vitro phytotoxic, cytotoxic and insecticidal activities of C. dichotomum. Methods: The MeOH extract of C. dichotomum was fractionated through subsequent solvent extractions in increasing polarity with n-hexane, chloroform and n-butanol. The MeOH extract and its fractions were evaluated for their biological acitivities using in vitro screening bioassays such as cytotoxicity on brine shrimps, phytotoxicity against Lemna minor and insecticidal activity against Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum. Results: The n-hexane and chloroform fractions showed significant phytotoxic activity (100 % growth inhibition) at 1000 μg/ml against L. minor. The brine shrimp lethality test revealed that the chloroform and remaining water fractions of C. dichotomum have moderate and positive lethality with LD50 values of 169.48 and 46.26 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the chloroform and n-butanol fractions had low and moderate insecticidal activity with 20 and 40 % of mortality against Tribolium castaneum, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that C. dichotomum consists of bioactive constituents responsible for phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity on brine shrimps and insecticidal activity.
Phytotoxicity, toxicity on brine shrimp and insecticidal effect of Chrysophthalmum gueneri Aytac & Anderb. Growing in Turkey
(2018-12-01) Ayaz F.; Küçükboyaci N.; Bani B.; Şener B.; Choudhary M.I.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the probable toxicity on brine shrimp, phytotoxicity, and insecticidal activity of Chrysophthalmum gueneri Aytac & Anderb. Materials and Methods: The MeOH (80%) extract obtained from the whole plant of C. gueneri was fractionated through subsequent solvent extractions in increasing polarity with n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol. The MeOH (80%) extract and all fractions of C. gueneri were evaluated for their biologic activities using in vitro screening bioassays such as brine shrimp lethality test and phytotoxicity against Lemna minor, as well as insecticidal activity against Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum. Results: The findings showed that the n-hexane and chloroform fractions of the plant had significant phytotoxic activities with 100% growth inhibition (GI) at 1000 μg/mL against L. minor. Moreover, the MeOH (80%) extract (53% GI) and n-butanol fraction (46.6% GI) of the plant had moderate phytotoxic activities at 1000 μg/mL. Otherwise, no samples had toxicity on the brine shrimps. In addition, the remaining water fraction had low insecticidal activity with 20% mortality against T. castaneum. Conclusion: Our results show that the n-hexane and chloroform fractions of C. gueneri had potential phytotoxic effects.
Pollen morphology of some Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) taxa in Turkey
(2018-01-09) Öztürk A.; Güney K.B.; Bani B.; Güney K.; Karavelioğullari F.A.; Pinar N.M.; Çeter T.
Pollen morphology of six Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) taxa belonging to five different groups in the genus [V. georgicum (group E), V. nudatum var. nudatum (group F), V. cariense (group F), V. bithynicum (group H), V. pycnostachyum (group K), and V. lasianthum (group L)] was studied. Pollen slides were prepared according to the Woodhouse method and were examined with light-microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). All studied pollen grains are generally monads, though tetrads (5 %) were observed in Verbascum nudatum var. nudatum. Pollen grains of all studied taxa were determined as isopolar and radially symmetric. In general terms, aperture types are trizonocolporate, but also trisyncolpate (V. lasianthum 10 %, V. pycnostachum 1 %, and V. georgicum 4 %) and trizonocolpate (V. cariense 10 %, V. bithynicum 10%, V. lasianthum 90%, V. pycnostachyum 9%, and V. georgicum 96 %) aperture types were observed. The shapes of the pollen grains were determined as prolate, subprolate, prolate-spheroidal and oblate-spheroidal. The sculpture was reticulate in all cases. The results of the study corroborate that morphological features, such as pollen shape, polar axis length (P), equatorial axis length (L), aperture type, surface ornamentation, muri thickness, and lumina shape, show differences which can be taken into consideration in the systematic discrimination within the groups, and also for discrimination of the groups in the genus.
Quantitative determination of isoflavones by HPLC-UV method and antioxidant activity of trifolium longidentatum
(2014-01-01) Küçükboyaci N.; Ilginer O.; Torul H.; Tamer U.; Adigüzel N.; Bani B.; Köroǧlu A.
In this study, aerial parts of Trifolium longidentatum Nábělek (Fabaceae) were quantitatively analyzed for their content of four isoflavones, daidzein (D), genistein (G), formononetin (F) and biochanin A (B), by the use of developed RP-HPLC-UV method. The chromatographic separation was performed using a gradient system with a mobile phase of methanol, acetate buffer (pH=4.75) and acetonitrile with on the reversed phase column, Agilent Eclipse XDB-18 (15 cm × 4.6 mm i.d.). The contents of D, G, F and B in the aerial parts of T. longidentatum were determined as 0.0095, 0.0056, 0.0021 and 0.0073 %, respectively. Antioxidant potential of the methanol extract prepared from the aerial parts of the plant was also investigated with different in vitro methods, namely DPPH radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation inhibition and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays. As a consequence, it was observed that the methanol extract of T. longidentatum had in vitro antioxidant activities in these methods. The phenolic content of the extract was also measured as 53.98 ± 0.95 mg gallic acid/g extract by the Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent.
Taxonomic implications from morphological and anatomical studies in the section Stenodiptera from the genus Grammosciadium (Apiaceae)
(2016-01-01) Bani B.; Ulusoy F.; Karakaya M.A.; Koch M.A.
Grammosciadium pterocarpum subsp. bilgilii and G. pterocarpum subsp. sivasicum from Turkey are herein described as two new subspecies, and the species G. schischkinii is synonymied under G. pterocarpum subsp. pterocarpum. Quantitative variation of morphological and anatomical characters have been analysed to provide discriminative characters between the taxa of section Stenodiptera and to provide a key to the species. The taxonomic status of the taxa has been discussed in light of these morphological and fruit anatomical data using multivariate statistics such as MANOVA and Principal Component Analysis. The results are also used to present a critical discussion of characters used to distinguish and determine different taxa within Grammosciadium. MANOVA showed that ten characters, except stylopodium and style length, differed significantly among the taxa, and the results were confirmed by Tukey tests and PCA analysis (except the character of fruit number). However, only ranges of the characters of sepal length, fruit length, fruit width, fruit width/wing width ratio, and width of fruit wing are not overlapped. Qualitative characters of petiolate stipular segments of lower leaves and presence of funicular oil ducts in transvers section of mericarps were found as diagnostic characters.