Browsing by Author "Baloğlu M.C."

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Bioinformatics and its utilization in green biotechnology
(2020-01-01) Altunoglu Y.C.; Ugurlu A.; Baloglu P.; Baloğlu M.C.
Bioinformatics use computer technology to manage and process those data from biological experiments. Many bioinformatics methods have been developed to compute those huge data by genomics. Collection, storage and application of bioinformatics methods of plant genetic resources can contribute to the production of plants with higher crop quality and resistant to abiotic stresses, diseases and insects. These approaches can lead to understanding of biological systems.
Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rheum ribes and evaluation of their anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial potential: A novel approach in phytonanotechnology
(2020-02-05) Aygün A.; Gülbağça F.; Nas M.S.; Alma M.H.; Çalımlı M.H.; Ustaoglu B.; Altunoglu Y.C.; Baloğlu M.C.; Cellat K.; Şen F.
This paper reports the anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) obtained by green synthesis using the extract of Rheum ribes (R. ribes), a medicinal plant. For the synthesis of Ag NPs, the ethanolic extracts of R. ribes were used as a reducing as well as the stabilizing agent. For the characterization of Ag NPs, advanced analytical methods such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV–vis spectrophotometry were performed. The synthesized Ag NPs obtained from R. ribes were evaluated as a cytotoxic agent against MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell line. The IC50 values of the nanoparticles were ranged from 165 to 99 μg/mL against MDA-MB 231 cell line for 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The results show that the use of Ag NPs at low concentrations show the toxic effect in the cancer cells. In addition, the results of experiments on gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis)) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) bacteria showed that the Ag NPs had high antimicrobial activity. The results suggest that Ag NPs can be developed as potential anticancer and antibacterial agents.
Enhanced salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco expressing a wheat salt tolerance gene
(2016-01-01) Kavas M.; Baloğlu M.C.; Yücel A.M.; Öktem H.A.
Soil salinity is one of the most important limiting factors of agricultural productivity in the world. The Triticum aestivum salt tolerance-related gene (TaSTRG) possesses a functional response to salt and drought stress conditions. A variety of stress factors, such as salt, drought, abscisic acid, and cold, may induce the expression of TaSTRG in wheat. In this study, the TaSTRG gene was transferred to tobacco via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Overexpression of TaSTRG in transgenic tobacco plants indicated higher salt tolerance and mediated more vigorous growth than in wild-type plants. Under salt stress conditions, the transgenic tobacco plants had higher germination and survival rates and longer root length than the control plants. Under salt treatments (200–250 mM), TaSTRGoverexpressing tobacco plants accumulated a higher amount of proline and had significantly lower malondialdehyde content than wild-type plants. Furthermore, transgene inheritance followed Mendelian laws, indicating the stability of TaSTRG in transgenic tobacco plants. These results indicated that the wheat TaSTRG gene plays an important role in responding to salt stress.
Evaluation of genotoxic and cytologic effects of environmental stress in wheat species with different ploidy levels
(2016-01-01) Pekol S.; Baloğlu M.C.; Çelik Altunoğlu Y.
Drought and salinity induce biochemical, physiological, morphological, and genetic responses in plants. To understand the damage to different wheat species caused by these stresses, we investigated root-shoot growth, cell division, chromosomal aberrations, and nucleolus organizer regions (AgNORs) in root tip cells. Inhibition of root and shoot growth were observed in diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheat genotypes after salt and drought stresses. Both stresses had adverse effects on dividing cells in root tips of all wheat species and caused a decrease in mitotic index values. Salt and drought lead to the induction of chromosome aberrations and repression of interphase AgNOR parameters. Both treatments produced different mitotic abnormalities including chromosomal stickiness, c-mitosis, and micronuclei formation, which indicated their action on the mitotic spindle. Reduction in AgNOR parameters showed that salt and drought may decrease the level of ribosomal biogenesis and reduce the length of the cell cycle. Because of the toxicity of Na ions, salinity inhibited all parameters at a higher degree than drought in all Triticum species. Cytotoxic effects of salinity and drought were mainly observed in meristematic cells in all wheat species. This comprehensive analysis may provide valuable information for understanding the effects of salt and drought stresses on cytogenetics of wheat species.
Gene expression profiles of hsp family members in different poplar taxa under cadmium stress
(2021-01-01) Yer Çelik E.N.; Baloğlu M.C.; Ayan S.
Heat shock proteins (Hsps), also known as stress proteins, are expressed by living organisms. Hsp genes play key roles in the regulation of change in response to various abiotic stresses (e.g., salinity, drought, heavy metal, and extreme temperatures). In our previous studies, all Hsp family gene members were determined and named using bioinformatics approaches. We also examined their expression profiles under different stress conditions. In this study, the aim was to indicate the expression pattern of Hsp family genes under cadmium (Cd) stress in different poplar taxa which are resistant to various stresses. Firstly, transcriptome data including RNAseq and microarray were evaluated to select Hsp gene members that were suitable targets for the cadmium stress response. Then, the expression analysis of selected genes was studied with qRT-PCR (real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR) in different poplar taxa. Under cadmium stress conditions, the expression profiles of genes including PtsHsp-44, PtsHsp-54, PtHsp40-117, PtHsp60-06, PtHsp60-12, PtHsp70-21, PtHsp70-28, PtHsp90-02, PtHsp90-10, PtHsp90-12, PtHsp100-22, and PtHsp100-71 were observed. In the future, N.03.368A and I-214 taxa may be used for plantation in Cd-contaminated areas and studied under subsequent long-term observation. This study yielded preliminary information about Cd-stress-related molecular mechanisms that will be utilized for future projects. In addition, the genes responsive against Cd stress can be used for gene cloning and functional analyses, which could open new perspectives for improving Cd-tolerant plants or trees.
Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of GATA transcription factors under combination of light wavelengths and drought stress in potato
(2024-04-01) Aksoy E.; Yavuz C.; Yagiz A.K.; Unel N.M.; Baloğlu M.C.
LC-MS/HRMS analysis, anti-cancer, anti-enzymatic and anti-oxidant effects of Boerhavia diffusa extracts: A potential raw material for functional applications
(2021-12-01) Sinan K.I.; Akpulat U.; Aldahish A.A.; Altunoglu Y.C.; Baloğlu M.C.; Zheleva-Dimitrova D.; Gevrenova R.; Lobine D.; Mahomoodally M.F.; Etienne O.K.; Zengin G.; Mahmud S.; Capasso R.
Boerhavia diffusa is a great tropical plant and is widely used for various traditional purposes. In the present study, we examined the influence of solvents (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and infusion (water)) on chemical composition and biological capabilities of B. diffusa. An UHPLC-HRMS method was used to determine the chemical characterization. The biological ability was examined for antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anti-cancer effects. To evaluate antioxidant effects, different chemical methods (ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, metal chelating and phosphomolybdenum) were applied. With regard to enzyme inhibitory properties, cholinesterases, amylase, glucosidase and tyrosinase were used. The MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line was chosen to determine anticancer activity. Based on the UHPLC-HRMS analysis, 37 specialized metabolites were dereplicated and identified in the studied extracts. Results revealed the presence of 15 hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic, acylquinic acids, and their glycosides, one rotenoid, seven flavonoids, 12 fatty acids and two other glycosides. Among the tested extracts, the methanol extract showed a stronger antioxidant ability compared with other extracts. The methanol extract also showed the best inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and glucosidase. In the anti-cancer evaluation, the methanol extract showed stronger anticancer effects compared with water extract. In summary, our observations can contribute to the establishment of B. diffusa as a potential candidate for functional applications in the preparation.
Nanotechnology in food and agriculture
(2020-01-01) Eyidoğan F.; Bayraç C.; Bayraç A.T.; Baloğlu M.C.; Ünel N.M.; Öktem H.A.
Due to their extraordinary properties, nanoparticles have enormous applications in different fields. Nanotechnology is an obstructive field and has a potential with developed methods to change the current scenario of the food and agricultural industry. Developments and innovations in nanotechnology like nanosensors, nanopesticides, nanofertilizers, nanoencapsulation, and active packaging, facilitated the transformations in food and agriculture sectors. In this chapter, the most recent applications of nanotechnology in food and agriculture and the safety issues of nanomaterials in processing and packaging are discussed. Nanotechnology exhibits promising potentials to be widely utilized in every aspect of food and agriculture. Therefore, the rapid progress of nanotechnology will be helpful to facilitate the development of agriculture and the food sector.
Plastidial expression of 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and progesterone 5β‐reductase genes confer enhanced salt tolerance in tobacco
(2021-11-01) Sameeullah M.; Yildirim M.; Aslam N.; Baloğlu M.C.; Yucesan B.; Lössl A.G.; Saba K.; Waheed M.T.; Gurel E.
The short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) gene family is widely distributed in all kingdoms of life. The SDR genes, 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD) and progesterone 5‐ β‐reductases (P5βR1, P5βR2) play a crucial role in cardenolide biosynthesis pathway in the Digitalis species. However, their role in plant stress, especially in salinity stress management, remains unex-plored. In the present study, transplastomic tobacco plants were developed by inserting 3β‐HSD, P5βR1 and P5βR2 genes. The integration of transgenes in plastomes, copy number and transgene expression at transcript and protein level in transplastomic plants were confirmed by PCR, end‐to-end PCR, qRT‐PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Subcellular localization analysis showed that 3β‐HSD and P5βR1 are cytoplasmic, and P5βR2 is tonoplast‐localized. Transplastomic lines showed enhanced growth in terms of biomass and chlorophyll content compared to wild type (WT) under 300 mM salt stress. Under salt stress, transplastomic lines remained greener without negative impact on shoot or root growth compared to the WT. The salt‐tolerant transplastomic lines exhibited enhanced levels of a series of metabolites (sucrose, glutamate, glutamine and proline) under control and NaCl stress. Furthermore, a lower Na+ /K+ ratio in transplastomic lines was also ob-served. The salt tolerance, mediated by plastidial expression of 3β‐HSD, P5βR1 and P5βR2 genes, could be due to the involvement in the upregulation of nitrogen assimilation, osmolytes as well as lower Na+/K+ ratio. Taken together, the plastid‐based expression of SDR genes leading to enhanced salt tolerance, which opens a window for developing saline‐tolerant plants via plastid genetic engineering.