Browsing by Author "Bakir, T.K."

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Assessment of Human Health Risk Caused by Heavy Metals in Kiln Dust from Coal-Fired Clay Brick Factories in Türkiye
(2024.01.01) Turhan, S.; Altuner, E.M.; Bakir, T.K.; Duran, C.; Hancerliogullari, A.; Kurnaz, A.
Heavy metal (HM) pollution from natural processes and different anthropogenic activities pose significant human and environmental health risks because of their stability, non-degradable properties, and high toxicity. HM released into the air in the form of dust can enter the human body via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Keeping in mind the significance of estimating the risk from HM in different environments, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks to workers caused by HM in kiln dust (KD) samples collected from coal-fired clay brick factories in the Western Black Sea Region of T & uuml;rkiye were assessed for the first time in this study. The concentrations of major and minor oxides and HMs in the collected KD samples were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The average concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, V, Zn, Cu, As, Co and Pb analyzed in thirty-three KD samples were determined as 65444, 768, 251, 249, 248, 122, 60, 52, 42 and 16 mg/kg dw, respectively. The average levels of Ni, As, Cr, Co and Cu exceed the maximum contaminant levels recommended in the Turkish Regulation on Control of Soil Pollution. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic human health risk assessments for workers via three exposure pathways were carried out, estimating the hazard index (HI) and total carcinogenic risk (TCR) index, respectively. The HI values (< 1) revealed no possible non-carcinogenic health risk due to exposure to all HMs in the studied KD samples. The average TCR value revealed that the potential cancer risks for Ni, As, Cr, and Pb were slightly above the safe limit and required monitoring and further investigation for these HMs.
Determination of radon concentrations and physicochemical parameters of non-alcoholic carbonated beverages consumed in Türkiye and assessment of radiological health risk
(2024.01.01) Turhan, S.; Sultan, D.A.O.; Altuner, E.M.; Kurnaz, A.; Bakir, T.K.; Altamemi, R.A.A.
The strategy for controlling the existence of radionuclides in drinking water depends upon an individual dose criterion (IDC) of 0.1 mSv/y, which represents a very low level of risk that is not expected to cause any identified adverse health effects. Radon gas, considered a carcinogenic radionuclide, can dissolve and accumulate in drinking water. Non-alcoholic carbonated beverages (NACBs), which mainly contain drinking water, phosphoric acid, citric acid, caffeine, and sugar, represent one of the most consumed groups worldwide and in Turkiye. In this study, the radon activity concentration and some physicochemical characteristics of 45 NACB samples from 24 most preferred commercial brands in Turkiye were determined to assess the radiological health risk associated with the ingestion of these samples. Radon activity concentrations measured in NACB samples using the AlphaGUARD radon analyzer ranged from 22.8 +/- 0.7 to 54.9 +/- 1.7 mBq/L. The pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, and brix values in NACB samples ranged from 2.31 to 7.29, 401 to 3281 mu Sv/cm, 355 to 2453 mg/L, and 0.10 to 12.95%, respectively. Total (ingestion and inhalation) annual effective doses and the corresponding excess lifetime cancer risks estimated for adults to assess the radiological health risk are significantly below the IDC and advised safety limit (10-3), respectively.
Investigation of the effect of antioxidant-added skin care creams on UV-B-induced oxidation in skin simulation environment by spectroscopic and chromatographic analyses
(2024.01.01) Bakir, T.K.; Kastrati, H.
In this study, lipid oxidation kinetics were examined with in vitro methods to investigate whether the antioxidant substances in the final product formulations of four antioxidant-added skin care creams have an antioxidant effect on the skin layers. For the determination of primary and secondary products, iron (III)-thiocyanate (Fe(III)-SCN) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance methods (TBARS) were used in Cu(II)-induced linoleic acid (LA) emulsions, respectively. It was found that THCl and THC2 coded cream samples slowed down the lipid oxidation rate, while THC3 and THC4 coded samples accelerated the oxidation. The inhibition effects of the same cream samples were confirmed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging method. In addition, UV-B-induced oxidation of the LA emulsion containing soy lecithin + Tween 20 emulsifier (HLB:10), prepared as a skin simulation medium for cream samples, was investigated at 35 degrees C and pH 5.5. The same results were supported by conjugated diene absorbance measurements. Kinetic data were explained by GC-MS analysis. Accordingly, it was observed that the degradation of fatty acids with 17 and 19 carbons into secondary products with low carbon numbers during the development of oxidation occurred at a lower rate in THCl and THC2 coded samples compared to THC3 and THC4 coded samples. The results of this study will raise consumer awareness about these high-cost cosmetic products and enable manufacturers to offer these products to the market with accurate information to users. Conducting in vivo studies supporting this study will provide resources for production suitable for human health.
Novel 1,3,4-thiadiazol derivatives including α-lipoic acid: Synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant properties
(2024.01.01) Bakir, T.K.; Ashweeqi, M.A.A.; Muglu, H.
In this study, new 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine derivatives containing different substitution groups were synthesized in order to increase the free radical quenching ability of alpha-lipoic acid. The target thiadiazole amines were derived from thiosemicarbazide reagent. Structural analysis for the synthesized compounds (1-8) was carried out using modern spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, NMR, EIMS spectral analyses. The antioxidant properties of each molecule were elucidated by calculating% inhibition as well as significant IC50 values using the 1,1diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The antioxidant activities of the compounds were compared against ascorbic acid, a water-soluble antioxidant, and against alpha-lipoic acid, the starting molecule of the synthesis step, which actually showed a low DPPH quenching activity. While lipoic acid had a reference standard value of 15,625.02 +/- 0.96 mu M, compound 8 was the compound with the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 433.69 +/- 0.04 mu M. The obtained data suggested that the (N-H) proton in the thiadiazole structure bound to lipoic acid plays an important role in binding to the DPPH radical. This study may provide a source for the synthesis of alpha-lipoic acid-based thiadiazole derivatives, new compounds with antioxidant properties that can be used in medicine and pharmacy.