Browsing by Author "Ayrilmis N."

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Influence of Repeated Injection Molding Processing on Some Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Wood Plastic Composites
(2016-01-01) Kaymakci A.; Ayrilmis N.
The influence of repeated cycles of injection molding on some mechanical and thermal properties of wood plastic composites (WPCs) was investigated. Pine wood flour (50 wt%) was mixed with HDPE (50 wt%) containing compatibilizing agent (MAPE, 3 wt%) in a co-rotating twinscrew extruder. The test specimens were produced by injection molding from the pellets dried to the moisture content (MC) of 1%. After the mechanical properties of the WPC test specimens were determined, the failed specimens were subsequently pelletized. These pellets were stored and dried for 4 to 6 h until the repeated injection was molded. These processes were repeated seven times. The results revealed that the flexural strength of WPCs increased by about 5.26% from the original granules to the third injection cycle, but further increments in the number of cycles decreased the flexural strength. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of the WPC specimens increased until the third cycle of injection molding while they tended to decrease after the third injection cycle.
Investigation of correlation between Brinell hardness and tensile strength of wood plastic composites
(2014-03-01) Kaymakci A.; Ayrilmis N.
The relationship between Brinell hardness and tensile strength of wood plastic composites (WPC) as a function of wood filler content was investigated. The sawdust flour was compounded with polypropylene at 30%, 40% or 50% (by weight) content with and without coupling agent, maleic grafted polypropylene with anhydride, in a twin screw co-rotating extruder. Test specimens were produced by injection moulding process from the pellets dried to moisture content of 1%. The relationship between Brinell hardness and tensile strength for all the filler loading levels was studied using linear regression method. The strong correlation was found between the Brinell hardness and tensile hardness of the WPCs as the filler content was between 30 and 40 wt%. The strong correlation showed that the Brinell hardness could be a good indicator for tensile strength of the WPCs. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Physical, mechanical and thermal properties of wood/ zeolite/plastic hybrid composites
(2017-01-01) Kaymakci A.; Gulec T.; Hosseinihashemi S.K.; Ayrilmis N.
Effect of zeolite content on the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of wood plastic composites was investigated in this study. To meet this objective, pine wood flour (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt%) with compatibilizing agent, zeolite (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt%), and polypropylene were compounded in a twin screw co-rotating extruder. The mass ratio of the wood flour to polypropylene was 50/50 (w/w) in all compounds. Test specimens were produced using injection molding machine from the pellets. Physical and mechanical, and thermal (Thermogravimetry Analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry) properties of the wood plastic composites were determined. The water absorption and thickness swelling properties of wood plastic composites improved with increasing zeolite content. The flexural and tensile properties of the wood plastic composites decreased with increasing zeolite content. All the wood plastic composites provided the values of flexural strength (58,4-72,9 MPa) and flexural modulus (2718-5024 MPa) that were well over the requirement by the standard specified in ASTM D 6662. The mass loss rates values of wood plastic composites increased with increasing zeolite contents. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis showed that the melt crystallization enthalpies and degree of crystallization of wood plastic composites decreased with increasing zeolite content. The decrease in the Tc and Xc indicated that zeolite was the poor nucleating agent for the wood plastic composites.
Potential use of cotton dust as filler in the production of thermoplastic composites
(2017-12-01) Ayrilmis N.; Güleç T.; Peşman E.; Kaymakci A.
The effect of cotton dust as filler on the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composites was investigated and the results were compared with the properties of wood plastic composites. Cotton dust was obtained from the dust filtration system located in a textile manufacturing unit. Different mixtures of cotton dust (30 to 60 wt%) or wood flour (30 to 60 wt%) were compounded with polypropylene with a coupling agent (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene 3 wt%) in a twin-screw co-rotating extruder. The test specimens were produced by injection molding machine. The tensile strength and flexural modulus of the specimens improved with the increase in the filler content. There was no significant difference in the strength and modulus values between the cotton dust and wood flour filled composites. The highest thermal stability was found to be in the composites produced with 40 wt% of cotton dust according to the results of differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Based on the findings obtained from the present study, the optimum mechanical and thermal properties for the filled polypropylene composites were found to be a 50/50/3 formulation of cotton dust, polypropylene, and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, respectively.
Preparation and characterization of high-performance wood polymer nanocomposites using multi-walled carbon nanotubes
(2017-04-01) Kaymakci A.; Ayrilmis N.; Gulec T.; Tufan M.
Effect of industrial grade multi-walled carbon nanotubes on mechanical, decay, and thermal properties of wood polymer nanocomposites was investigated. To meet this objective, pine wood flour, polypropylene with and without coupling agent (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene), and multi-walled carbon nanotube (0, 1, 3, 5 wt%) were compounded in a twin screw co-rotating extruder. The mass ratio of the wood flour to polypropylene was 50/50 (w/w) in all compounds. Test specimens were produced using injection molding machine from the pellets. The flexural and tensile properties, biological durability, and thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry) of the nanocomposites were investigated. The flexural and tensile properties of the wood polymer nanocomposites increased with increasing content of the industrial grade multi-walled carbon nanotubes (from 1 to 5 wt%) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (3 wt%). The mass loss rates of the wood polymer nanocomposites decreased with increasing amounts of the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and industrial grade multi-walled carbon nanotube. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the melt crystallization enthalpies of the wood polymer nanocomposites increased with increasing amount of the industrial grade multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The increase in the Tc indicated that the industrial grade multi-walled carbon nanotubes were the efficient nucleating agent for the wood polymer nanocomposites.
Surface characteristics of wood polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes
(2019-01-15) Kaymakci A.; Birinci E.; Ayrilmis N.
Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) content on the surface roughness, wettability, and scratch hardness properties of wood/polypropylene nanocomposites were investigated. To meet this objective, pine wood flour, polypropylene with and without coupling agent (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene), and multi-walled carbon nanotube (0, 1, 3 or 5 wt%) were compounded in a twin screw co-rotating extruder. The mass ratio of the pine wood flour to polypropylene was 50/50 (w/w) in all the composite formulations. Test samples were manufactured using injection molding machine from the pellets. The surface roughness, wettability, and scratch hardness properties of the wood/polypropylene nanocomposites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes were determined. The surface roughness values of the nanocomposite specimens decreased with increasing MWCNT content. The MWCNT reinforced wood/polypropylene nanocomposites without coupling agent had higher surface roughness values than the ones with coupling agent. The wettability of the nanocomposite specimens decreased with increasing content of the MWCNT. The incorporation of the coupling agent into the wood/polypropylene nanocomposites decreased the wettability of the specimens. The scratch hardness values of the nanocomposite specimens improved with increasing MWCNT content.
Surface properties and hardness of polypropylene composites filled with sunflower stalk flour
(2013-02-01) Kaymakci A.; Ayrilmis N.; Gulec T.
The effects of agricultural flour content on surface roughness, wettability, and surface hardness of injection molded polypropylene (PP) composites was investigated. Four content levels of the waste sunflower stalk flour (WSF) were mixed with the PP with and without maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAPP) as a coupling agent. Contact angle measurements were performed using a goniometer connected with a digital camera. Three roughness parameters, average roughness (Ra), mean peak-to-valley height (Rz), and maximum roughness (Rmax), were used to evaluate surface roughness. The surface roughness increased with increasing WSF content while their wettability decreased. The unfilled (neat) PP composites had the lowest surface roughness, while the roughest surface was found for the PP composites filled with 60 wt% WSF. The surface smoothness of the composites was noticeably increased by addition of the compatibilizer MAPP while the wettability was decreased. The scratch hardness of the PP composites increased significantly with increasing WSF. The incorporation of the coupling agent increased the scratch hardness of the specimens. The Brinell hardness increased with increasing filler loading. At similar filler loading the composites with MAPP had lower Brinell hardness value than those without MAPP.
Surface roughness and wettability of polypropylene composites filled with fast-growing biomass: Paulownia elongata wood
(2014-01-01) Kaymakci A.; Ayrilmis N.
This study investigated the surface roughness and wettability of polypropylene composites filled with Paulownia elongata wood flour with and without maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene at different wood flour contents (30, 40, 50, and 60 wt%). The surface roughness values of the filled polypropylene composites decreased with increasing content of the polypropylene. The polypropylene composites without the maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene were found to have higher surface roughness but better wettability as compared with the ones with the maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene. The wettability of polypropylene composites increased with increasing content of the wood flour. The incorporation of the coupling agent in the polypropylene composites decreased the wettability of the specimens compared with untreated ones. The test result showed that P. elongata wood flour could be utilized in the production of the filled polypropylene composites because of their satisfying surface properties of the composites. © The Author(s) 2013.
Technological properties of cement-bonded composite board produced with the main veins of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) particles
(2017-05-01) Ayrilmis N.; Hosseinihashemi S.K.; Karimi M.; Kargarfard A.; Kaymakci A.; Ashtiani H.S.
The effects of main veins of palm (Elaeis guineensis) particles and the amount of CaCl2 on the mechanical and physical properties of cement-bonded composite boards (CBCBs) were investigated in this study. Homogenous CBCBs were produced with main veins palm particles content at three levels of 10, 15, or 20 wt.% and CaCl2 at three levels of 0, 3, or 6 wt.%. Other manufacturing parameters consisting of pressure and time for cold-press, material dry weight, and panel dimensions were kept constant. The flexural strength, flexural modulus, internal bonding, water absorption, thickness swelling, and the thickness of CBCBs after 2 and 24 h immersion in distilled water were determined. The results indicated that increased amount of lignocellulosic particles caused a decrease in the mechanical properties of the CBCBs. The increase in calcium chloride up to 6 wt.% improved mechanical properties of the CBCBs. The panels manufactured with 10 wt.% E. guineensis particles and 6 wt.% CaCl2 showed the most favorable physical and mechanical properties.
Utilization of Sunflower Stalk in Manufacture of Thermoplastic Composite
(2013-12-01) Kaymakci A.; Ayrilmis N.; Ozdemir F.; Gulec T.
Dimensional stability and mechanical performance of polypropylene thermoplastic composites filled with sunflower stalk (SS) flour at 30, 40, 50, and 60 wt% contents of the SS flour were investigated. The thickness swelling and water absorption of the specimens increased with increasing SS flour content. The modulus in the flexural and tensile improved with increasing SS flour content while the tensile and flexural strengths of the specimens decreased. The use of maleic anhydride polypropylene (3 wt%) had a positive effect on the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the polypropylene thermoplastic composites filled with SS flour. The melting temperature of polypropylene decreased with increasing content of the SS flour. The degree of crystallinity of filled polypropylene composites between fibre loading of 0-30 % by weight was higher than that of unfilled polypropylene composites. However, further increment in the filler content decreased the degree of crystallinity. The obtained results showed that SS flour could be potentially suitable raw material in the manufacture of polypropylene composites. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Utilization of tinder fungus as filler in production of HDPE/wood composite
(2016-01-01) Kaymakci A.; Ayrilmis N.; Akkilic H.
Selected physical and mechanical properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites filled with various mixtures of wood flour and tinder fungus (Fomes fomentarius) were investigated. For this aim, different mixtures of tinder fungus flour and wood flour (0/40, 10/30, 20/20, and 30/10, and 40/0) (by weight) were compounded with HDPE with a coupling agent (maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) in a twin screw co-rotating extruder. The test specimens were produced by injection moulding machine. The thickness swelling and water absorption of the HDPE/wood composites significantly decreased with increasing content of the tinder fungus flour. The mechanical properties of the composites were negatively affected by increasing amount of tinder fungus flour but there were no significant differences up to 30 wt % tinder fungus content, except for the tensile strength. The optimum physical and mechanical properties for the filled HDPE composites were found to be a 10/30/60/3 formulation of wood flour, tinder fungus, HDPE, and MAPE, respectively.
Waste chestnut shell as a source of reinforcing fillers for polypropylene composites
(2014-01-01) Kaymakci A.; Ayrilmis N.
In this study, we evaluated dimensional stability and some mechanical properties of polypropylene composites filled with chestnut shell flour (CSF). To meet this objective, CSF was compounded with polypropylene with and without coupling agent in a twin screw corotating extruder and then were manufactured by injection molding process. The thickness swelling and water absorption of the samples increased with increasing CSF content. The flexural and tensile modulus improved with increasing CSF content, while the flexural and tensile strengths of the samples decreased. The use of maleic anhydride polypropylene had a positive effect on the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the polypropylene composites filled with CSF. This work showed that the composites treated with maleated polypropylene could be efficiently used as decking products, due to high-dimensional stability and satisfactory mechanical properties of the composites. © The Author(s) 2012.