Browsing by Author "Acar, Ümit"

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Acute exposure to boron in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Median-lethal concentration (LC), blood parameters, DNA fragmentation of blood and sperm cells.
(2018-12-01T00:00:00Z) Acar, Ümit; İnanan, Burak Evren; Zemheri, Fahriye; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan
Recently, Boron (B) contamination of aquatic ecosystem has received considerable critical attention due to its toxic effects at high concentrations on plants as well as animals. Previous studies on toxic effects of B have not dealt with DNA damages in blood and sperm cells of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), together with blood parameters. This study consisted of two successive experiments purposes to determine these findings, including the median-lethal concentration (LC) of B for Nile tilapia. In the first one, at 96 h, LC of B for Nile tilapia was 141.42 mg L B. In the second one, Nile tilapia were treated with five elevated B concentrations (1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 mg L B) and hematological, serum biochemical parameters, and DNA damages of Nile tilapia in these treatments were determined comparing with the control after 14 days of exposure. Hematological parameters (red blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin) were similar to each other in all groups while serum biochemical parameters (glucose, total protein, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and glutamic pyruvic transaminase) in B treatments, especially in 50 and 100 mg L B groups, were found significantly higher (P < 0.05). DNA fragmentation was detected in all blood cells in ≥25 mg L B treatments, while all sperm cells in 100 mg L B treatments. These results demonstrated the harmful effects of B at high concentration (50 and 100 mg L B) on the DNA integrity of blood and sperm cells, and also the serum biochemical parameters.
Dietary effect of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extract mitigates hepatic disorders caused by oxidized fish oil in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
(2023-04-25T00:00:00Z) Terzi, Funda; Demirci, Beste; Acar, Ümit; Yüksel, Süleyman; Salum, Çağatay; Erol, Huseyin Serkan; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri
The major goal of this study was to determine the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on liver damage in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that was caused by the consumption of dietary oxidized fish oil (OFO). Rainbow trout were fed six different experimental diets coded OX-GSE 0 (OFO diet), OX-GSE 1 (OFO and 0.1% GSE), OX-GSE 3 (OFO and 0.3% GSE), GSE 0 (fresh fish oil and 0.0% GSE), GSE 1 (fresh fish oil and 0.1% GSE), and GSE 3 (fresh fish oil and 0.3% GSE) for 30 days. The lowest % hepatosomatic index (HSI) result was calculated in fish fed with OX-GSE 0 and the highest HSI was determined in fish fed with GSE 1 diets (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes significantly increased OX-GSE 0 and GSE 3 compared to GSE 1 diets (p < 0.05). Deposition of lipid droplets in hepatocytes was significantly increased in OX-GSE 0 and OX-GSE 3 groups than others (p < 0.05). Liver biochemistry parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly affected by OX and GSE treatments (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) among the liver enzymes analyzed in serum in OX and GSE (p < 0.05), meanwhile no difference was observed in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values between groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, liver biochemistry and histopathology of rainbow trout consuming diets containing oxidized fish oil were negatively affected. However, it was determined that the supplementation of 0.1% GSE to the diet had a significant ameliorative role in these adverse effects.
Dose-dependent stress response of esfenvalerate insecticide on common carp (Cyprinus carpio): Evaluating blood parameters and gene expression.
(2023-07-31) Navruz, Fahriye Zemheri; Acar, Ümit; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri
Esfenvalerate is a pyrethroid insecticide used primarily in the agriculture sector for insect management. Esfenvalerate is effective against a wide range of harmful insects, including flies, cockroaches, locusts, and many other types of bugs. It is also known that esfenvalerate has toxic effects on aquatic organisms and poses significant environmental concerns. In this study, the aim is to subchronically examine the effects of sublethal concentrations of esfenvalerate insecticide on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) by assessing changes in blood parameters and resulting gene expression. For this purpose, common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were divided into 5 groups and exposed to 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 μg/L concentrations of esfenvalerate for a period of 14 days. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected from the fish that underwent weight and length measurements. The effects on gene expression levels of immune, antioxidant, and stress-related genes in the liver tissue, including SOD, GST, Cortisol receptor, HSP70, HATPase, Na/KATPase, Catalase, and GpX, were evaluated, as were the hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Significant decreases were observed in the levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, triglycerides and total protein and catalase, HATPase, and GpX gene expression. Glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), SOD, Cortisol receptor, Na/KATPase gene expression levels increased. As a result, it has been revealed that esfenvalerate insecticide causes oxidative stress in carp at all dose ranges.
Effects of bergamot (Citrus bergamia) peel oil-supplemented diets on growth performance, haematology and serum biochemical parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
(2020-02-01T00:00:00Z) Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Acar, Ümit; Yilmaz, Sevdan; Aydin, Özlem Durna
The present study investigated the effects of dietary Citrus bergamia peel oil (CBO) on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Volatile content of C. bergamia peel oil used in study was detected with GC/MS. The 99.47% of the analysed volatile components were identified in decreasing quantities as limonene, linalool and linalyl acetate. The experimental fish were divided into four groups stocked into triplicate tanks (20 fish/tank), and fed daily with an additive-free basal diet containing 0% (CBO), 0.5% (CBO), 1.0% (CBO), 2.0% (CBO) of bergamot peel oil for an 8-week period. Results showed that dietary bergamot peel oil especially at 0.5 g 100 g significantly increased growth performance of fish (p < 0.05). The levels of haemoglobin and haematocrit significantly increased in fish fed with CBO and CBO compared with the CBO-fed group (p < 0.05), despite no significant difference was observed in CBO group (p > 0.05). Highest haematocrit value was found in the CBO group compared with the control group. The serum glucose of the fish fed with CBO and CBO feeds decreased significantly compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The highest total protein, lowest cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were observed in fish fed with bergamot oil-supplemented groups. According to the results, it was revealed that 0.5% bergamot oil supplementation to Nile tilapia diets optimizes the growth performance, feed utilization and health status related with blood parameters of the fish.
Effects of dietary allspice, Pimenta dioica powder on physiological responses of Oreochromis mossambicus under low pH stress.
(2015-11-24) Yılmaz, Sevdan; Acar, Ümit; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Gültepe, Nejdet; Ergün, Sebahattin
This study investigated the effects of the supplementation with allspice (0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 g kg(-1)) on the haemato-immunological and biochemical variables in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus under acidic stress condition. In a 60-day feeding trial, 15 aquariums (80-L) were stocked with 18 fish (20.05 ± 0.10 g) each. Then, acidic stress was achieved by exposing the sampled fish to acidic water (pH 5.5) for 3 days. Allspice supplementation influenced the haematological indices, serum glucose, protein, globulin and innate immune parameters such as respiratory burst activity, lysozyme, and myeloperoxidase activities. In general, at acidic pH decreased circulating red blood cell numbers (RBC), increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and the innate immune parameters were observed. On the other hand, the inclusion of allspice prevented an increase in blood glucose MCV and MCH, decreases in albumin, RBC, lysozyme activity and respiratory burst avtivity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that allspice supplementation at 10 g kg(-1) for 60 days, has adequate beneficial effects on improvement of haemato-immunological and biochemical status of O. mossambicus after stressful management.
Effects of Different Levels of Pomegranate Seed Oil on Some Blood Parameters and Disease Resistance Against in Rainbow Trout.
(2018-05-23) Acar, Ümit; Parrino, Vincenzo; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Lo Paro, Giuseppe; Saoca, Concetta; Abbate, Francesco; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Fazio, Francesco
This study is aimed to assess the effects of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) supplementation on growth performance, some hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters, and disease resistance against in cultured rainbow trout (Walbaum, 1792). 240 fish in total were randomly assigned into four triplicate groups (20 fish/per aquarium) corresponding to four dietary treatments: control (PSO; no addition of PSO), 0.5% (PSO), 1.00% (PSO), and 2.00% (PSO) of PSO, respectively. After the 60 day-feeding trial, fish blood samples were collected and compared. Statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA) showed a significant ( < 0.05) effect of PSO on red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase parameters in PSO and PSO with regard to control. Moreover, a pronounced ( < 0.05) increased in weight gain, growth and feed conversion was found in fish fed with PSO supplemented diets. After the feeding trial, fish were challenged with and survival recorded for 20 days. Cumulative survival was 45.10% in fish fed with the control diet, whereas in fish fed with PSO, PSO, and PSO supplemented diets, survival was 58.82, 56.86, and 56.86%, respectively. In conclusion, dietary administration of PSO induced a reduction in mortality of rainbow trout infected with , intercalary significant differences occurred on growth performance and some blood values among treated groups. These positive effects of PSO could be considered for new applications in aquaculture.
Effects of Essential Oil Derived from the Bitter Orange () on Growth Performance, Histology and Gene Expression Levels in Common Carp Juveniles ().
(2021-05-17T00:00:00Z) Acar, Ümit; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; İnanan, Burak Evren; Zemheri-Navruz, Fahriye; Terzi, Funda; Fazio, Francesco; Parrino, Vincenzo
The aim of this study was to detect effects of bitter orange () essential oil, commonly called neroli oil (NO) (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, and 1.5% referred to as NO NO, NO, NO and NO, respectively) on growth performance output and expression levels of some growth-related genes in the muscle tissue and some immune-related genes in the head kidney and pathological differences in digestive system organs of common carp . The NO group had a large improvement in growth efficiency at the end of the 60-day feeding cycle. Real-time PCR (Bio RAD, USA) system was used to detect variations in gene expression levels. Furthermore, NO supplementation of up to 0.25% in muscle tissue controlled the release of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Furthermore, in the NO treatment category, immune response gene levels TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1ß increased in head kidney tissue. In the histological examination of the liver and intestine, there were significant differences between fish fed with N and N diets. This study confirms that dietary supplementation of NO up to 0.25% can improve common carp growth efficiency and increase the expression of genes (GH and IGF-I) related to muscle growth, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1ß genes related to immune status, and liver and intestine histological status of common carp.
Effects of Tomato Paste By-Product Extract on Growth Performance and Blood Parameters in Common Carp ().
(2022-12-01T00:00:00Z) Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Acar, Ümit; Hassaan, Mohamed Shaban; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Guerrera, Maria Cristina; Fazio, Francesco
This research examined different growth performances and blood parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) consuming diets supplemented with tomato paste by-product extract (TPE). Five diets with different concentrations of TPEs, 0% (TPE0) 0.5% (TPE0.5), 1% (TPE1), 2% (TPE2), and 5% (TPE5) were supplied to 300 common carp (8.38 ± 0.18 g) (60 fish per group) each day during the 60-day feeding trial. The relative and specific growth rates of fish-fed supplemental diets increased significantly, while the feed conversion ratio significantly decreased (p < 0.05). TPE considerably increased the erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin content (Hb), and hematocrit (Hct) (p < 0.05), according to hematological analyses of blood samples collected after the feeding experiment. The blood biochemical findings indicate that using 1% or more extracts considerably reduced the serum glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride ratios while significantly increasing the total protein, albumin, and globulin ratios in common carp (p < 0.05). Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the 2% extract generated from tomato paste by-products in common carp diets could be utilized as a growth-promoting product without any negative effects on blood parameters linked to feeding in carp.
Evaluation of an Innovative and Sustainable Pre-Commercial Compound as Replacement of Fish Meal in Diets for Rainbow Trout during Pre-Fattening Phase: Effects on Growth Performances, Haematological Parameters and Fillet Quality Traits.
(2021-12-14T00:00:00Z) Acar, Ümit; Giannetto, Alessia; Giannetto, Daniela; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Romano, Alessandro; Tezel, Rifat; Türker, Ali; Güllü, Kenan; Fazio, Francesco
The aim of the study was to determine the potential and sustainable use of pre-commercial product ITTINSECT™ APS V1 as a major protein source in rainbow trout () diets. A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to potentially use ITTINSECT as fish meal replacement in the diets of rainbow trout. Five isonitrogenous in dry matter (38% crude protein) and isolipidic (15% crude lipid) diets were produced: a control diet (fishmeal-based) (ITT) and four experimental diets replacing fishmeal by 25 (ITT), 50 (ITT), 75 (ITT) and 100 (ITT) %, with ITTINSECT™ APS V1. Triplicate tanks, containing 15 fish each (65.81 ± 1.26 g), were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice every day during the experiment. At the end of the feeding trial, significantly higher growth performance was observed in the group fed ITTM and ITTM diets. This performance was supported by growth-related gene expressions analyzed in muscle; significantly higher GH and IGF-I genes expression levels were determined in ITT and ITT when compared to control (ITT) ( < 0.05). While no significant differences were found between the hematology values ( > 0.05), serum total protein, globulins and glucose levels were significantly different between experimental groups ( < 0.05). In addition to this, the immune-related genes such as TNF-α, IL8 and IL1-β expression levels were determined to be significantly different ( < 0.05). In conclusion, in order to achieve the best growth performance in rainbow trout and enhance sustainable aquaculture practices, replacement of fish meal with up to 50% ITTINSECT™ APS V1 in diets for rainbow trout is suggested.
Evaluation of metabolic stress status in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to the fungicide folpet.
(2023-01-01T00:00:00Z) Acar, Ümit; Erden, Yavuz; İnanan, Burak Evren; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Yılmaz, Sevdan; Çelik, Ekrem Şanver
Among pesticides, fungicides are the most extensively used ones in agriculture and their effects on fish health and indirectly human health are needed to evaluate. Folpet has been used for over 50 years as a fungicide across the world. The mechanism of action of folpet on non-target aquatic organisms is so poorly understood and there is no available information about potential acute toxicity of folpet and its mechanism of action in non-target aquatic organisms. With this motivation, two successive experiments were set up: first, 96 h-LC value of folpet for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was determined; and second, effects of different sublethal concentrations (0, 0.025, 0.50, 0.1 and 0.15 mg/L) of folpet on hematological serum biochemical blood parameters, DNA damages, expression levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cortisol receptor (HSP70) genes were evaluated in this study. It was calculated that 0.199 mg/L of folpet was the 96 h-LC value. After the folpet exposure for 14 days, significant decreases in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum total protein, and GST gene expression levels were observed while serum glucose, liver enzymes activities, and expression levels of CAT, SOD, GPx, HSP70 genes increased. Also, folpet induced a significant genotoxic effect on the blood cells regarding to DNA damages. Consequently, the results have shown the toxic effects of folpet even at the lowest concentration on common carp.
Growth performance, health status, gut microbiome, and expression of immune and growth-related genes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets with pea protein replacement of fish meal.
(2024-04-09) Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Acar, Ümit; Kesbiç, Fevziye Işıl; Yılmaz, Sevdan
The need for fish meal constrains fish farming and significantly impacts sustainability of the aquaculture industry. Hence, it is important to investigate the use of plant-based protein sources in fish diets. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of fish meal (FM) replacement by pea protein (PP) in a 60-day feeding experiment in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Effects on growth performance, body composition, hematology, serum biochemistry and immunology, and immune (TNF-α, IL1-ß and Il-8) and growth-related (GH and IGFI) gene expression were investigated. Five experimental diets (45% protein and 20% lipid) differed in replacement level of FM by PP at rates of 0% (control (PP0)), 25% (PP25), 50%(PP50), 75%(PP75) and 100%(PP100). Fish were fed with experimental diets in triplicate twice daily. The best growth performance was obtained in PP0 and PP25 groups. While fat ratios of fish fillets significantly differed (p < 0.05), there was no significant effects on protein ratios (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in the hematological values of fish, except those fed the PP100 diets, which displayed a reduction in eyrthocyte counts, hemoglobin content and hematocrit. As PP supplementation increased fish showed elevated serum glucose, total protein, cholesterol and myeloperoxidase activity and decreased glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase activity. Fish fed diets with between 25 and 75% replacement showed a decline in lactic acid bacteria in the gut. Significant increases in expression were observed in the liver of the PP25 fish relative to the 0% control for all immune and growth-related genes except for IL1-ß. These data suggest that up to 25% of FM can be replaced by PP without any adverse effects on rainbow trout.
Hot pepper (Capsicum sp.) oil and its effects on growth performance and blood parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
(2020-11-01T00:00:00Z) Parrino, Vincenzo; Kesbiç, Osman Sabri; Acar, Ümit; Fazio, Francesco
The authors studied the effect of hot pepper ( sp.) oil on the growth performance and blood parameters in rainbow trout fed. Hot pepper oil was added to rainbow trout feeds at the rates of HPO 0‰ (0 mg/kg) (control), HPO 1‰ (1 mg/kg), HPO 2‰ (2 mg/kg), HPO 4‰ (4 mg/kg) and HPO 6‰ (6 mg/kg), and the fish were fed with experimental feeds for 60 days. The group fed with HPO 4‰ showed the highest percentage growth rate and the lowest feed conversion rate. Our results showed the significant differences serum biochemical parameters, a decrease of serum liver enzymes, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels and an increase of total protein and albumin levels compared with the control. The use of HPO 1‰ in rainbow trout showed a positively affects the growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical parameters.[Formula: see text].
Human exposure to trace elements via farmed and cage aggregated wild Axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne) in a copper alloy cage site in the Northern Aegean Sea.
(2018-12-01T00:00:00Z) Yigit, Murat; Dwyer, Robert; Celikkol, Barbaros; Yilmaz, Sevdan; Bulut, Musa; Buyukates, Yesim; Kesbic, Osman S; Acar, Ümit; Ozalp, Baris; Maita, Masashi; Ergün, Sebahattin
Axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne) farmed in a copper alloy mesh pen and wild individuals of P. acarne aggregated near the copper-alloy cages presented higher concentrations of trace metals in the liver, skin and gills than in fish muscle tissues in two batches of small and large fish sizes. Elevated mean levels of metals (mg kg) in muscle tissues in both small and large fish size groups were observed in the rank order of Zn(3.43) > Fe(3.01) > Cu(0.59) > Mn(0.13) and Fe(3.82) > Zn(3.32) > Cu(0.62) > Mn(0.17) for copper cage-farmed fish, relative to ranked mean levels for Zn(2.64) > Fe(1.95) > Cu(0.25) > Mn(0.09) and Fe(5.79) > Zn(3.58) > Cu(0.58) > Mn(0.28) for the copper cage-aggregated wild fish. Nevertheless, trace metal concentrations in fish harvested from the copper cage or those of the cage-aggregated wild individuals in both size groups were far below maximum levels of seafood safety recommended by USEPA and FAO/WHO. Target hazard quotients, calculated to estimate the non-carcinogenic health risks of metals by consuming these fish, were below "1″ (THQ < 1), indicating that there were no potential health risks for humans when consuming copper-caged fish or wild-caught individuals aggregated around the copper mesh pen, with respect to the limits suggested by US Food and Drug Administration and EU Regulations for Seafood Consumption.