Browsing by Author "Ünal, S."

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Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr) disease incidence and its effect on the morphological and anatomical features of Castanea sativa trees
(2024.01.01) Keles, S.O.; Ünal, S.; Akan, S.; Karadeniz, M.
Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) is an ecologically and economically valuable tree species worldwide. Various pathogens, both endemic or introduced, cause severe damage or death to chestnut trees. Chestnut blight, caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, is one of the most devastating plant diseases known which influences chestnut trees in all major cultivation regions. The work presented here aimed to investigate how the incidence of chestnut blight varied between trees growing at two altitudes (200-400 m vs. 400-600 m) and to determine the impact of chestnut blight on tree-ring width, morphology and anatomy of C. sativa trees. The incidence of C. parasitica infections was greater at 200-400 m than at 400-600 m. Greater stem diameters were found at 200-400 m than at 400-600 m. There were no differences in stem diameters and heights, however, between healthy and C. parasitica infected chestnut trees. The anatomical characteristics of wood were also compared between healthy and C. parasitica-infected chestnut trees. Fibre cell traits (length/width, lumen width, lumen area) were higher in healthy trees than in C. parasitica-diseased trees. Vessel diameters were greater in infected compared with healthy trees. Tree ring widths and wood anatomical characteristics therefore were significantly influenced by C. parasitica infections.
Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr) disease incidence and its effect on the morphological and anatomical features of Castanea sativa trees
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Keleş, S.Ö.; Ünal, S.; Akan, S.; Karadeniz, M.
Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) is an ecologically and economically valuable tree species worldwide. Various pathogens, both endemic or introduced, cause severe damage or death to chestnut trees. Chestnut blight, caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, is one of the most devastating plant diseases known which influences chestnut trees in all major cultivation regions. The work presented here aimed to investigate how the incidence of chestnut blight varied between trees growing at two altitudes (200–400 m vs. 400–600 m) and to determine the impact of chestnut blight on tree-ring width, morphology and anatomy of C. sativa trees. The incidence of C. parasitica infections was greater at 200–400 m than at 400–600 m. Greater stem diameters were found at 200–400 m than at 400–600 m. There were no differences in stem diameters and heights, however, between healthy and C. parasitica infected chestnut trees. The anatomical characteristics of wood were also compared between healthy and C. parasitica-infected chestnut trees. Fibre cell traits (length/width, lumen width, lumen area) were higher in healthy trees than in C. parasitica-diseased trees. Vessel diameters were greater in infected compared with healthy trees. Tree ring widths and wood anatomical characteristics therefore were significantly influenced by C. parasitica infections.
Cytotoxicity Analysis of the Effects of Heterobasidion Annosum Mycelia and Cisplatin on Colon Adenocarcinoma (CACO-2) Cell Line
(2024) Sevim, Ç.; Ünal, S.; Bakır, T.K.; Karadeniz, M.; Taghizadeh, A.
Colorectal cancer ranks as the third most prevalent form of cancer and stands as the second leading cause of mortality. Both environmental and genetic risk factors contribute to its manifestation. Presently, 5-fluoruracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) remains the recommended course for adjuvant therapy in addressing this condition. Conversely, mushrooms, celebrated for their biologically active constituents, including valuable enzymes, have emerged as a captivating subject in diverse medical disciplines, particularly within the realm of cancer therapy, due to their promising therapeutic properties. This specific investigation aimed to conduct in vitro cytotoxic experiments using extracts obtained from Heterobasidion annosum micelles cultivated in a liquid malt extract medium. The pulverized extracts were dissolved in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) at varied concentrations ranging from 25ng/mL to 200ng/mL and subsequently administered to colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. The cytotoxic effects of both the fungus and cisplatin, a well-known anticarcinogenic agent, were examined at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 hours. The findings indicated a significant inhibition of cancer cell development within this timeframe. Moreover, a noteworthy discovery emerged, revealing that cisplatin, known for its efficacy in various cancer studies, substantially diminished the viability of cancer cells after 72 hours in comparison to the control group.
Economic analysis of a biotechnical control method against the Box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) in Turkiye
(2023.01.01) Ok, K.; Ünal, S.; Kaya, G.
The box tree moth poses a threat to the Anatolian boxwood (Buxus sempervirens) which has significant economic and ecological value in Türkiye. This study aimed to determine the economic feasibility of pest control with solar-powered light-pheromone (SPLP) traps against the box tree moth in the Ağva Forest District of Şile Forest Enterprise, which is the only region in Türkiye with a management plan for boxwood shoot utilization. For the economic feasibility analysis, approaches including net present value, benefit-cost ratio, and the comparison of discounted finite cost of control with the capital value of infinite revenues were used. Considering the revenues of the Şile Forest Enterprise from the sale of the boxwood shoots in a finite period, it was found that pest control with the SPLP traps is not economical, producing a benefit-cost ratio of 0.371 with a net present value of -229,647.10 TL. In addition to the revenue of the enterprise, after taking into account regional income losses, water production value, and the benefits of other non-market ecosystem services provided by boxwood areas, the benefit-cost ratio increased to 2.688, and pest control became economically feasible. It was determined that the capital value of the infinite annual revenues from boxwood shoots was greater than the present value of the pest control costs against the box tree moth in a period.
Effect of drought and soil heavy metal contamination on three maple species: a case study of Kastamonu University campus in Türkiye
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Savacı, G.; Ünal, S.; Yer Çelik, E.N.; Karadeniz, M.
This study investigated the effects of heavy metals and drought on tree drying in three maple species located in the Kastamonu Campus in northwestern Türkiye. Soil samples were taken from 0–30 cm depth under maple species, and some soil properties were analyzed. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index was calculated for the drought impression using 71 years of climate data. The severe drought has had its effect (1.516) since August 2020. There was an extreme drought in January and February 2021 (-2.032 and -2.076, respectively), and this drought effect lasted until August as a severe drought. Chromium concentration at maple species was almost twice higher than the Maximum Allowable Limit for Türkiye (> 100 mg kg−1). The highest nickel concentration was found under Acer pseudoplatanus (97.25 mg kg−1) and Acer negundo (108.13 mg kg−1). The sampling sites were nonsignificant for copper (p = 0.806), lead (p = 0.916), and zinc (p = 0.866) heavy metals. Phyllosticta minima and Phyllactinia marissallii were detected in maple trees. In conclusion, it is understood that drought and heavy metal accumulation (chromium, nickel) in the soil affect tree drying. Physiological drought was first seen in trees due to the lack of rainfall in 2020. Soils were contaminated with heavy metals, and finally, diseases were seen. These results show that adverse climate events due to global climate change will have a negative impact on the growth and development of maple species, as their severity is expected to increase in the next few years.
Effect of drought and soil heavy metal contamination on three maple species: a case study of Kastamonu University campus in Türkiye
(2023) Savacı, G.; Ünal, S.; Çelik, E.N.Y.; Karadeniz, M.
This study investigated the effects of heavy metals and drought on tree drying in three maple species located in the Kastamonu Campus in northwestern Türkiye. Soil samples were taken from 0-30 cm depth under maple species, and some soil properties were analyzed. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index was calculated for the drought impression using 71 years of climate data. The severe drought has had its effect (1.516) since August 2020. There was an extreme drought in January and February 2021 (-2.032 and -2.076, respectively), and this drought effect lasted until August as a severe drought. Chromium concentration at maple species was almost twice higher than the Maximum Allowable Limit for Türkiye (> 100 mg kg). The highest nickel concentration was found under Acer pseudoplatanus (97.25 mg kg) and Acer negundo (108.13 mg kg). The sampling sites were nonsignificant for copper (p = 0.806), lead (p = 0.916), and zinc (p = 0.866) heavy metals. Phyllosticta minima and Phyllactinia marissallii were detected in maple trees. In conclusion, it is understood that drought and heavy metal accumulation (chromium, nickel) in the soil affect tree drying. Physiological drought was first seen in trees due to the lack of rainfall in 2020. Soils were contaminated with heavy metals, and finally, diseases were seen. These results show that adverse climate events due to global climate change will have a negative impact on the growth and development of maple species, as their severity is expected to increase in the next few years.
Effect of drought and soil heavy metal contamination on three maple species: a case study of Kastamonu University campus in Türkiye
(2024.01.01) Savaci, G.; Ünal, S.; Çelik, E.N.Y.; Karadeniz, M.
This study investigated the effects of heavy metals and drought on tree drying in three maple species located in the Kastamonu Campus in northwestern Turkiye. Soil samples were taken from 0-30 cm depth under maple species, and some soil properties were analyzed. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index was calculated for the drought impression using 71 years of climate data. The severe drought has had its effect (1.516) since August 2020. There was an extreme drought in January and February 2021 (-2.032 and -2.076, respectively), and this drought effect lasted until August as a severe drought. Chromium concentration at maple species was almost twice higher than the Maximum Allowable Limit for Turkiye (> 100 mg kg(-1)). The highest nickel concentration was found under Acer pseudoplatanus (97.25 mg kg(-1)) and Acer negundo (108.13 mg kg(-1)). The sampling sites were nonsignificant for copper (p = 0.806), lead (p = 0.916), and zinc (p = 0.866) heavy metals. Phyllosticta minima and Phyllactinia marissallii were detected in maple trees. In conclusion, it is understood that drought and heavy metal accumulation (chromium, nickel) in the soil affect tree drying. Physiological drought was first seen in trees due to the lack of rainfall in 2020. Soils were contaminated with heavy metals, and finally, diseases were seen. These results show that adverse climate events due to global climate change will have a negative impact on the growth and development of maple species, as their severity is expected to increase in the next few years.
Prevalence of Nosemosis and Varroosis in Honey Bees in Sinop Province
(2023.01.01) Yaman, M.; Güvendik, T.S.; Ünal, S.
Aim of study: Sinop province has a potential to progress in beekeeping. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the presence and distribution of nosemosis and varroosis in honey bees in Sinop province. Area of study: 12 villages from 7 districts (Ayancik, Boyabat, Dikmen, Duragan, Erfelek, Gerze and Sarayduzu) in Sinop province were determined as study area. Material and methods: A total of 874 adult bee samples were dissected in Ringer's solution and examined for nosemosis. A total of 1.640 adult bee samples were examined for varroosis. Main results: Nosemosis was the most common disease. Average of the nosemosis infection was 7.6%. On the other hand, varroosis was observed in the eight of 12 localities examined in Sinop province. Total infestation ranged from 0.6 to 8.2%. Highlights: Nosemosis and varroosis were observed in eight (66.7%) of the 12 examined localities in Sinop province. These data are considered as proof that honey production is negatively affected. This study also confirms that the beekeepers in the Sinop province should be informed in detail about the precautions to be taken in the monitoring and controlling varroosis and nosemosis.