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Myo-inositol as a carbon source in Chlorella sp. production
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Erbil, G.Ç.; Elp, M.; Durmaz, Y.
The study aimed to investigate the possible use of myo-inositol as a carbon source in Chlorella sp. culture. Firstly, experiments were conducted with different myo-inositol concentrations and glycerol in flasks. Secondly, a laboratory-scale tubular photobioreactor (PBR) was operated with CO2 and myo-inositol to determine performance under industrial production conditions. The highest dry weight of the experiments with flasks was 1.62 ± 0.02 g.L−1 and was obtained with 1 g.L−1 myo-inositol concentration. Myo-inositol yielded two times higher lipid accumulation compared to glycerol in the experiment with flasks and 12 % compared to CO2 in the PBR experiment. The results revealed that myo-inositol is one of the most efficient carbon sources with 0.86 CBCR (carbon to biomass conversion rate). Even if myo-inositol is more expensive than many carbon sources such as CO2, high efficiency and less light energy expenses make it a competitive carbon source in Chlorella sp. production.
Corporate social responsibility in hospitality and tourism: a systematic review
(2024.01.01) Arici, H.E.; Saydam, M.B.; Sökmen, A.; Arici, N.C.
Scholars have increasingly focused on the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the hospitality and tourism (H&T) industry due to its rapid growth and expansion. This study examined 192 CSR-focused empirical studies that were published in H&T journals. The report provides a comprehensive analysis by categorizing the data into several parts, such as publishing trends of CSR, segmentation by journals, theoretical frameworks, techniques, and CSR measurement scales. This study also develops a complex nomological network of CSR, examining its connections with the precursor factors, mediating variables, moderating impacts, and outcome effects. Key themes were identified using advanced thematic analysis techniques, providing crucial insights into the current status and future directions of CSR using Leximancer software. The results provide significant information for sustainable practices and influence prospective studies in the crucial field of corporate responsibility.
Novel 1,3,4-thiadiazol derivatives including α-lipoic acid: Synthesis, characterization, and antioxidant properties
(2024.01.01) Bakir, T.K.; Ashweeqi, M.A.A.; Muglu, H.
In this study, new 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine derivatives containing different substitution groups were synthesized in order to increase the free radical quenching ability of alpha-lipoic acid. The target thiadiazole amines were derived from thiosemicarbazide reagent. Structural analysis for the synthesized compounds (1-8) was carried out using modern spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, NMR, EIMS spectral analyses. The antioxidant properties of each molecule were elucidated by calculating% inhibition as well as significant IC50 values using the 1,1diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The antioxidant activities of the compounds were compared against ascorbic acid, a water-soluble antioxidant, and against alpha-lipoic acid, the starting molecule of the synthesis step, which actually showed a low DPPH quenching activity. While lipoic acid had a reference standard value of 15,625.02 +/- 0.96 mu M, compound 8 was the compound with the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 433.69 +/- 0.04 mu M. The obtained data suggested that the (N-H) proton in the thiadiazole structure bound to lipoic acid plays an important role in binding to the DPPH radical. This study may provide a source for the synthesis of alpha-lipoic acid-based thiadiazole derivatives, new compounds with antioxidant properties that can be used in medicine and pharmacy.
Molecular insights into the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of P-coumaric acid against bisphenol A-induced testicular injury: In vivo and in silico studies
(2024.01.01) Tekin, S.; Sengul, E.; Yildirim, S.; Aksu, E.H.; Bolat, I.; Çinar, B.; Shadidizaji, A.; Celebi, F.; Warda, M.
This study investigated the protective effects of p-coumaric acid (PCA) against bisphenol A (BPA)-induced testicular toxicity in male rats. The rats were divided into control, BPA, BPA +PCA50, BPA +PCA100, and PCA100 groups. Following a 14-day treatment period, various analyses were conducted on epididymal sperm quality and testicular tissues. PCA exhibited dose-dependent cytoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, ameliorating the decline in sperm quality induced by BPA. The treatment elevated antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GPx, CAT) and restored redox homeostasis by increasing cellular glutathione (GSH) and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. PCA also mitigated BPA-induced proinflammatory responses while reinstating anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels. Apoptotic parameters (p53 and p38-MAPK) were normalized by PCA in BPAtreated testicular tissue. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent analyses confirmed the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of PCA, evidenced by the upregulation of HO-1, Bcl-2, and Nrf-2 and the downregulation of the proapoptotic gene Bax in BPA-induced testicular intoxication. PCA corrected the disturbance in male reproductive hormone levels and reinstated testosterone biosynthetic capacity after BPA-induced testicular insult. In silico analyses suggested PCA 's potential modulation of the oxidative stress KEAP1/NRF2/ARE pathway, affirming BPA 's inhibitory impact on P450scc. This study elucidates BPA 's molecular disruption of testosterone biosynthesis and highlights PCA 's therapeutic potential in mitigating BPA 's adverse effects on testicular function, showcasing its cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and hormone-regulating properties. The integrated in vivo and in silico approach offers a comprehensive understanding of complex mechanisms, paving the way for future research in reproductive health and toxicology, and underscores the importance of employing BPA-free plastic wares in semen handling.
Evaluation of Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin, Cystatin C, and Clusterin Concentrations in Neonatal Calf Diarrhea
(2024.01.01) Tümer, K.C.; Dinçer, P.F.P.
Neonatal diarrhea adversely affects calf growth, overall health, and productivity. Many factors such as poor environmental conditions, less colostrum intake, infectious and parasitic factors contribute to the development of calf diarrhea. Diarrhea, which is one of the most important causes of calf deaths all over the world, causes significant economic losses if it is not correctly diagnosed and appropriate treatment is not initiated. Systemic inflammatory response and kidney dysfunction are crucial components associated with the pathogenesis and progression of neonatal diarrhea. Early detection and management of these conditions are essential for minimizing their detrimental effects and improving calf health outcomes. However, traditional biomarkers such as haptoglobin and creatinine have limitations in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. This study aimed to investigate the potential of emerging markers, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C, and clusterin, in assessing inflammation and kidney injury in neonatal calves with diarrhea. The levels of NGAL, cystatin C, clusterin, haptoglobin, and creatinine were measured and compared among the groups. The results showed no significant differences in NGAL and cystatin C concentrations between the diarrheic calves and healthy calves. However, there was a significant increase in serum clusterin concentration in calves infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli) compared to other pathogen-infected calves and healthy calves. Moreover, a moderate positive correlation was observed between clusterin and creatinine concentrations, suggesting a potential association between clusterin and kidney injury. These findings highlight the potential of clusterin as a marker for kidney dysfunction in neonatal calves with diarrhea, particularly in cases of E. coli infection. This study will contribute to the diagnosis and treatment in field conditions, while shedding light on the parameters used in the early diagnosis of calf diarrhea. Further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of clusterin in assessing the severity and progression of kidney dysfunction in affected calves.