Psychometric properties of the Turkish Form of the Observational Collective Efficacy Scale for Sports

Abstract

Background: Recent findings suggest that collective efficacy is a dynamic construct that is encompassed with process and outcome-oriented behaviors. Observational Collective Efficacy Scale for Sports (OCESS) is a tool that encapsulates process-oriented behaviors in the measurement of collective efficacy. Objective: The present study aims to carry out a cultural adaptation and assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of the OCESS in a variety of team sports. Methods: A convenience sample of 219 athletes (age M = 21.29, SD = 3.80 years) from team sports aged 18 years or older (78 female, age M = 21.17, SD = 2.74 years; 141 male, age M = 21.36, SD = 4.29 years) participated in the study. OCESS is a unidimensional measure of collective efficacy consists of 5 items in a 7-point Likert format. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the factor structure of the OCESS, convergent and discriminant validities were evaluated by using composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), maximum shared variance (MSV) and average shared variance (ASV) values. Internal consistency of the OCESS was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability, together with item-total correlations. Test-retest reliability was examined by calculating intra-class correlation coefficient. Results: The goodness-of-fit indices from the confirmatory factor analysis revealed that one-factor measurement model fit the data satisfactorily. Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity was provided by CR, AVE, MSV, and ASV. Coefficient alpha and composite reliability for the measure were calculated as .80 and .82, respectively. Corrected item-total correlations ranged from .36 to .71 and a t-test was carried out with each item's means of upper 27% and lower 27% showed significant differences. The Turkish version of the OCESS showed excellent test-retest reliability over a 1-week time interval. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the Turkish version of the OCESS is a valid and reliable measure of collective efficacy for sports.