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Natural Radionuclides in Bottled Mineral Waters Consumed in Turkey and Their Contribution to Radiation Dose

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dc.contributor.authorAltıkulaç, Aydan
dc.contributor.authorKurnaz, Aslı
dc.contributor.authorTurhan, Şeref
dc.contributor.authorKutucu, Metehan
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-04T17:14:10Z
dc.date.issued2022-09-15
dc.description.abstractBottled natural mineral water (BMW) consumption in Turkey is increasing every year. Depending on the local geology from which the water is extracted, BMW could be enhanced with natural radionuclides. In this study, the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in 58 BMW samples of 25 different brands marketed in Turkey were measured using a γ-ray spectrometer with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K in BMW samples were found as 0.4, 0.5, and 4.3 Bq/L, respectively. The activity concentrations of 228Ra exceeded the WHO-recommended maximum permissible limit of 0.1 Bq/L for drinking water. The annual effective dose (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (LCR) caused by the ingestion of each BMW sample were estimated for adults to assess radiological risks using two different scenarios based on BMW consumption rates (150 and 13 L/y). All estimated total AEDs, except for two samples, were below the guidance dose level of 100 μSv/y recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Turkish regulations for drinking water. For all BMW brands, 228Ra was found as the main contributor to the AEDs. The LCR values were lower than the acceptable value of 10-3 for radiological risks.
dc.description.urihttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c04087
dc.description.urihttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36188329
dc.description.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c04087
dc.description.urihttps://doaj.org/article/4cc3360ae82d4124b416e07207a70419
dc.description.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12809/10328
dc.identifier.doi10.1021/acsomega.2c04087
dc.identifier.eissn2470-1343
dc.identifier.endpage34435
dc.identifier.issn2470-1343
dc.identifier.openairedoi_dedup___::068a26f7b7a5c34a8eab39ef4871d88c
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-2041-4193
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7910-3461
dc.identifier.pubmed36188329
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85139275222
dc.identifier.startpage34428
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12597/39987
dc.identifier.volume7
dc.identifier.wos000856703100001
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherAmerican Chemical Society (ACS)
dc.relation.ispartofACS Omega
dc.rightsOPEN
dc.subjectChemistry
dc.subjectQD1-999
dc.subjectActivity concentrations
dc.subjectNatural mineral water
dc.subject.sdg13. Climate action
dc.subject.sdg6. Clean water
dc.subject.sdg3. Good health
dc.titleNatural Radionuclides in Bottled Mineral Waters Consumed in Turkey and Their Contribution to Radiation Dose
dc.typeArticle
dspace.entity.typePublication
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