Tümer K.Ç.Kızıl M.2023-04-112023-04-122023-04-112023-04-122023-01-011419838https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12597/3845The objective of the present study was to investigate the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine response from a broad perspective in cattle with natural Theileria annulata infection. Ten cattle naturally infected with T. annulata and eight healthy cattle were included in this study. A total of 11 cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-17 were evaluated in serum samples using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. There was no statistical significance for serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-17 levels between the T. annulata infected and healthy cattle. In contrast, the median serum levels of IFN-γ (p =.023), IL-2 (p =.066), IL4 (p =.0016), IL-10 (p =.00087), IL-12 (p =.00018), and IL-13 (p =.023) were significantly higher in T. annulata-infected cattle than in healthy cattle. The results of the present study revealed that in the intraerythrocytic stage of tropical theileriosis, a very pronounced anti-inflammatory response occurs as well as an ongoing inflammatory process.falseanaemia | bovine | cytokine | piroplasm stage | T. annulata | tickArticle10.1111/pim.129732-s2.0-8514758264236710366