İçli, Nesrinİçli N.Ili, N2023-05-092023-05-092019-06-012019-06-032019.01.011944-0049https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12597/13265Apple sour is a traditional product of Kastamonu, Turkey. It is consumed by spreading on bread or drinking after diluting with water. The aim of this study was to determine patulin (PAT) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in apple sour. This study is the first to evaluate the occurrence of PAT and HMF in apple sour. The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate using liquid-liquid extraction technique. PAT and HMF were determined by HPLC with UV detection. PAT was detected in all samples, and the PAT level in 94.9% of samples was found to be equal or greater than the legal limit for juice concentrates. The mean value for PAT was found to be 284 ± 307 μg kg. PAT levels in 13 of 39 samples were in the range of 100 ≤ x < 200 μg kg, two samples were in the range of 0 ≤ x < 50 μg kg -1 and two samples were in the range of 1000 ≤ x < 1500 μg kg. HMF levels of all samples were above the legal limit for solid molasses. The mean value for HMF was found to be 16215 ± 13317 mg kg. HMF levels of 10 of 39 samples were determined to be in the range of 10000 ≤ x < 20000 mg kg, eight samples were in the range of 20000 ≤ x < 30000 mg kg and only three samples were in the range of 100 ≤ x < 1000 mg kg. There was a significant and inverse relationship between HMF and pH of the samples. These results indicate that consumption of apple sour is a considerable risk in terms of HMF and PAT toxicity.Apple sour is a traditional product of Kastamonu, Turkey. It is consumed by spreading on bread or drinking after diluting with water. The aim of this study was to determine patulin (PAT) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in apple sour. This study is the first to evaluate the occurrence of PAT and HMF in apple sour. The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate using liquid-liquid extraction technique. PAT and HMF were determined by HPLC with UV detection. PAT was detected in all samples, and the PAT level in 94.9% of samples was found to be equal or greater than the legal limit for juice concentrates. The mean value for PAT was found to be 284 ± 307 μg kg−1. PAT levels in 13 of 39 samples were in the range of 100 ≤ x < 200 μg kg−1, two samples were in the range of 0 ≤ x < 50 μg kg −1 and two samples were in the range of 1000 ≤ x < 1500 μg kg1. HMF levels of all samples were above the legal limit for solid molasses. The mean value for HMF was found to be 16215 ± 13317 mg kg−1. HMF levels of 10 of 39 samples were determined to be in the range of 10000 ≤ x < 20000 mg kg−1, eight samples were in the range of 20000 ≤ x < 30000 mg kg−1 and only three samples were in the range of 100 ≤ x < 1000 mg kg−1. There was a significant and inverse relationship between HMF and pH of the samples. These results indicate that consumption of apple sour is a considerable risk in terms of HMF and PAT toxicity.falseHMFHPLCPatulinapple sourfood safetyapple sour | food safety | HMF | HPLC | PatulinJournal Article10.1080/19440049.2019.160520710.1080/19440049.2019.16052072-s2.0-85065024581WOS:00047027960000131021247952963361944-0057