Acar, ÜmitKesbiç, Osman SabriYılmaz, Sevdanİnanan, Burak EvrenZemheri-Navruz, FahriyeTerzi, FundaFazio, FrancescoParrino, Vincenzo2023-04-062023-04-062021-05-172076-2615https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12597/3391The aim of this study was to detect effects of bitter orange () essential oil, commonly called neroli oil (NO) (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, and 1.5% referred to as NO NO, NO, NO and NO, respectively) on growth performance output and expression levels of some growth-related genes in the muscle tissue and some immune-related genes in the head kidney and pathological differences in digestive system organs of common carp . The NO group had a large improvement in growth efficiency at the end of the 60-day feeding cycle. Real-time PCR (Bio RAD, USA) system was used to detect variations in gene expression levels. Furthermore, NO supplementation of up to 0.25% in muscle tissue controlled the release of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Furthermore, in the NO treatment category, immune response gene levels TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1ß increased in head kidney tissue. In the histological examination of the liver and intestine, there were significant differences between fish fed with N and N diets. This study confirms that dietary supplementation of NO up to 0.25% can improve common carp growth efficiency and increase the expression of genes (GH and IGF-I) related to muscle growth, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1ß genes related to immune status, and liver and intestine histological status of common carp.enbitter orangecommon carpgene regulationgrowth performanceneroli oilJournal Article10.3390/ani1105143134067650