Browsing by Author "Zavyalov K."

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Change of Aluminum Concentrations in Specific Plants by Species, Organ, Washing, and Traffic Density
(2023-02-01) Kuzmina N.; Menshchikov S.; Mohnachev P.; Zavyalov K.; Petrova I.; Ozel H.B.; Aricak B.; Onat S.M.; Sevik H.
One of the most critical problems throughout the world is air pollution, causing the death of millions of individuals annually, and it is reported that 90% of the global population breathes polluted air. Among the components of air pollution, the most harmful ones are the heavy metals, which can remain non-degraded in nature for a long time, bio-accumulate in living organisms, and be toxic or carcinogenic at low concentrations. Hence, monitoring and reducing heavy metal pollution in the air are high-priority research topics. Heavy metals can accumulate within various organs of plants grown in an environment with an increased level of heavy metal pollution. The metal analyses on these organs can provide insight into the heavy metal pollution in the air. In the present study, the concentrations of aluminum (Al), one of the most important heavy metals, were determined in the different organs of five plant species grown in regions with different traffic densities. Remarkable changes were observed in the Al concentrations in all the organs of species, which were examined here by organ and traffic density. The highest values were obtained from the organs of plants grown in no-traffic regions.
Influence of soil fertility on the ability of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) to adapt to technogenic pollution
(2019-01-01) Zavyalov K.; Ivanova N.; Potapenko A.; Ayan S.
The purpose of the research is to identify the effect of soil factor on the ability of Scots pine to adapt to technogenic pollution based on comparative analysis of radial increment of the species which grows on soils of different fertility. The null hypothesis that soil fertility is a significant factor for adaptation was tested. The research area i.e. the plantation created in 1983 and exposed to pollution of aero-technogenic emissions of magnesium production Satka/Chelyabinsk Region/Russia, is located within the central part of the subzone of coniferous-broad-leaved and South-taiga coniferous forests of the Southern Urals. The analysis of annual growth rings (AGR) of Scots pine growing on soils of different fertility allowed us to estimate the effect of soil factor on the ability of Scots pine to adapt to magnesite pollution. As results of the research it was found that the differences in the AGR of Scots pine growing on soils of different fertility was statistically significant under the same level of technogenic pollution. During the investigation period (1994-2010), the AGR of Scots pine on fertile soils were significantly higher than those of on poor soils for 7 years. It was revealed that the positive effect of soil fertility on the Scots pine growth is leveled at the level of pollution exceeding 6-10 thousand tons per year of gaseous emissions and 25-30 thousand tons per year of total emissions. It was also found that soil fertility allows better adaptation of Scots pine to low temperatures, and more actively grow on sites with increasing precipitation.
REsponse of scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.), Sukachyov’s larch (Larix sukaczewii Dylis), and Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) to magnesite dust in Satkinsky industrial hub
(2018-01-01) Zavyalov K.; Menshikov S.; Mohnachev P.; Kuzmina N.; Potapenko A.; Ayan S.
Deforestation due to air pollution is a serious problem in industrial sites. Aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of magnesite dust on growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Sukachyov’s larch (Larix sukaczewii Dylis; Syn. Larix sibirica Ledeb.) and Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) planted in soil plots between 1980 and 1983 in Satkinsky District, Chelyabinsk. The trees in zones of moderate and low pollution survived, while those in strongly polluted zones died with the exception of Silver birch in soils ameliorated with 12 cm thick peat layer. However, in the zone of strong pollution, coniferous species treated with only 2 cm thick peat layer and weak sulphuric acid solution, grew better than the Silver birch. Twelve centimetres of peat layers could mitigate dust impact on Silver birch, while their 2 cm thickness was not adequate. The dust pollution hit the plants at strongly polluted sites more severely than those at sites with moderate and low pollution. Silver birch and Scots pine trees were more severely impacted by dust pollution compared to Sukachyov’s larch trees. Soil remediation is needed in strongly affected areas. While soil remediation is not needed at moderately and low affected sites, these sites should be monitored to avoid their degradation.
Retrospective assessment on Scots pine stands situated far and near Chernobyl fallout areas
(2019-01-01) Potapenko A.; Bulko N.; Kozlov A.; Mohnachev P.; Kuzmina N.; Zavyalov K.; Ayan S.
The high radiosensitivity of woody plants and the large forest areas polluted by Chernobyl fallout demand assessment of radiation effect on the forest ecosystems components. This research aims to study the state of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands located in the far and near areas contaminated by Chernobyl fallout, and to assess the current dose loads on the structural elements of the trees 30 years after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) accident. The study was conducted in radioactively contaminated Scots pine stands, which are the near and far areas,in the Chernobyl fallout areas. The experimental plots were established during the period from 1991 to 2006 inside Scots pine stands from the II–IV age classes. The retrospective assessment of dose loads of the Scots pine was conducted according to the data obtained on 13 experimental plots located in the far area of the Chernobyl fallout through the software RESRAD-BIOTA 1.5 (11/18/2009). The condition of pine stands in the near areas has significantly worsened since the accident, compared to their condition before the accident. The changes in the state of the pine stands after the accident were characterized by their strong weakening. Ambiguous trends were also observed in the stability of stands depending on the type of forest and land relief. In 1986, the radionuclide 134Cs accounted for 25 % of the total amount of soil pollution by mixture (134Сs + 137Сs) in pine stands. However, in 1995, this amount decreased to 2.5 %. The state of the Scots pine stands after the accident were characterized by their strong weakening.
Scotch pine regeneration in magnesite pollution conditions in South Ural, Russia
(2018-06-01) Mohnachev P.; Menshikov S.; Makhniova S.; Zavyalov K.; Kuzmina N.; Potapenko A.; Ayan S.; Laaribya S.
Background and Purpose: Technogenic load is considered to be one of the major factors which destabilize forest ecosystems. The impact of chronic aero technogenic pollution near large industrial centers severely affects the plants in these areas; thus, plants cannot fulfill their aesthetic and air-cleaning role. Therefore, many studies have been carried out on technogenic pollution and particularly on magnesite pollution. The aim of the study is to investigate characteristics of the Scotch pine natural regeneration process under the forest canopy in magnesite pollution conditions. Materials and Methods: The research was carried in an aero-technogenic emission zone of Kombinat Magnezit, in South Ural, Russia. The purpose is to assess the soil suitability for reforestation in various degrees (PS-2: High pollution zone, PS- 5: Average pollution zone, PS-3: Low pollution zone, PS-4: Very weak pollution zone, and PS-K: Control area) of magnesite pollution. Experimental Plots (PS) are in similar conditions regarding forest vegetation. The major factors that can influence the natural regeneration, such as the quantity of seeds produced by the parents trees, stand density (the number of trees per 1 ha), the composition of the upper horizon of the soil and height, its density, live ground cover (LGC) phytomass and pH of the upper root-inhabited soil layer have been measured. Results: The results of this study showed that in PS-K conditions a large number of seeds, thin forest litter, small phytomass of alive ground cover, and slightly acidic pH of the root zone of the soil can be found. The dense forest laying, generally composed of fresh and weakly decomposed layers, inhibits seed germination from reaching the mineral soil layer, which results in mortality. Conclusions: It was evaluated that the success of natural regeneration is effected by the stand density and the occurrence of undergrowth of Scots pine. Soil remediation can positively affect the natural rejuvenation process. Moreover, seed supplementation can play a major role in successful natural rejuvenation.