Browsing by Author "Mutlu, E."

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Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Capoeta tinca fish and health risk assessment
(2024.01.01) Demir, T.; Mutlu, E.; Gültepe, N.
The This study evaluates the potential human health risks associated with five heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Cr) in Capoeta tinca fish. It assesses the heavy metal burden in the muscle, gill, and liver tissues of C. tinca, and estimates the potential health risks for consumers by employing estimated daily intake (EDI) and standard hazard ratios (THQ) related to heavy metal consumption. Fish and water samples were taken from three different Regions as Sincan Brook (Sivas-Hafik), Haber Brook (Sivas-Zara), and Tozanl & imath; Brook (Sivas-Hafik), Turkey. The heavy metal concentrations in the brook water were found to be higher than the established safe for safety threshold in all the sampling points. Besides that, the values were observed to be lower than the allowed limits. Considering the fish tissues, the Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations were found to be higher than the safe limits predicted by WHO. The findings indicate that the liver of C. tinca fish exhibited the highest accumulation of heavy metals across all sampling areas. The highest heavy metal concentrations found in fish muscles were found to be (Cu) 2.51 +/- 0.91 pgg (-1) , (Cr) 0.45 +/- 0.03 pgg (-1) , (Cd) 0.88 +/- 0.04 pgg( -1) , (Pb) 2.04 +/- 0.03 pgg (-1) , and (Zn) 13.12 +/- 1.08 pgg( -1) . The descending order of heavy metal accumulation in gills was found to be Zn > Cu >Pb > Cd > Cr. Moreover, for each heavy metal, the Bio-concentration factor (BCF) index, Acceptable Daily Intake, EDI, and THQ (<1) values were found to be lower than the limits set in the international standards, indicating that no elements posing a threat to public health were encountered, thus not posing a short-term risk.
Evaluation of Freshwater Water Quality with Indexes and GIS-Based: A Case Study, Guren Stream (Kure Mountains National Park, Western Black Sea Basin, Turkey)
(2024.01.01) Ipek, G.G.; Aras, S.; Arslan, N.; Mutlu, E.
Turkey is separated into 25 river basins, and the Guren Stream is found in Kastamonu Province's West Black Sea Basin. Guren Stream originates inside the borders of Kure Mountains National Park and flows into Black Sea. Kure Mountains National Park, in addition to being one of the 9 hot spots to be protected in Turkey, is the country's first Protected Area Network Parks (PAN park). At this research, monthly stream water samples were taken from different 14 stations in the Guren Stream between 2018-2019. Subsequently, the concentration of 28 parameters, consisting of pH, water temperature, electrical conductivity, suspended solid matter, salinity, total hardness, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, SO4, SO3, PO4-P, Cl, Fe, Na, K, Mg, Ca and six potential toxic elements, including Pb, Cu, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Zn were measured. The results were compared to the criteria of the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation and the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, the association between the obtained data and Geographic Information Systems, spatial distribution maps, ecotoxicological indexes, quality classifications, multivariable statistical pearson corelation and factor analysis inter-parameter associations were evaluated. According to the results, the Guren Stream's water is of the highest quality, designated first class, and did not exceed WHO limits. According to water quality and ecotoxicological indexes, Guren Stream is classified as "excellent, good, no pollution, permissible and low." To identify relationship between parameters, correlation and factor analysis were applied to data. Natural sources, anthropogenic activities and forestry factor inputs were determined as the main accumulation sources of river by the result.
Evaluation of Freshwater Water Quality with Indexes and GIS-Based: A Case Study, Güren Stream (Küre Mountains National Park, Western Black Sea Basin, Turkey)
(2024) İpek, G.G.; Aras, S.; Arslan, N.; Mutlu, E.
Abstract: Turkey is separated into 25 river basins, and the Güren Stream is found in Kastamonu Province’s West Black Sea Basin. Güren Stream originates inside the borders of Küre Mountains National Park and flows into Black Sea. Küre Mountains National Park, in addition to being one of the 9 hot spots to be protected in Turkey, is the country’s first Protected Area Network Parks (PAN park). At this research, monthly stream water samples were taken from different 14 stations in the Güren Stream between 2018–2019. Subsequently, the concentration of 28 parameters, consisting of pH, water temperature, electrical conductivity, suspended solid matter, salinity, total hardness, total alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, SO4, SO3, PO4-P, Cl, Fe, Na, K, Mg, Ca and six potential toxic elements, including Pb, Cu, Cd, Hg, Ni, and Zn were measured. The results were compared to the criteria of the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation and the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, the association between the obtained data and Geographic Information Systems, spatial distribution maps, ecotoxicological indexes, quality classifications, multivariable statistical pearson corelation and factor analysis inter-parameter associations were evaluated. According to the results, the Güren Stream’s water is of the highest quality, designated first class, and did not exceed WHO limits. According to water quality and ecotoxicological indexes, Güren Stream is classified as “excellent, good, no pollution, permissible and low.” To identify relationship between parameters, correlation and factor analysis were applied to data. Natural sources, anthropogenic activities and forestry factor inputs were determined as the main accumulation sources of river by the result.